Iodometry & Iodimetry
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
15 likes•21,550 views
Iodometry and iodimetry are indirect titration methods that use iodine. In iodometry, an oxidizing agent reacts with excess potassium iodide to liberate iodine, which is then titrated against a standard reducing agent like thiosulphate. Iodimetry directly titrates a reducing analyte against a standard iodine solution. Starch indicator turns blue or violet in the presence of iodine but is colorless when all iodine reacts at the endpoint of the titration. These methods are used to determine the concentration of various chemicals like vitamin C and thiosulphate.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Precipitation titration
This document discusses precipitation titration methods. It describes Mohr's method, Volhard's method and Fajan's method. Mohr's method uses potassium chromate as an indicator. Volhard's method indirectly titrates excess silver ions with thiocyanate using ferric ammonium sulfate as an indicator. Fajan's method uses adsorption indicators like fluorescein that change color upon adsorption to the precipitate formed at the endpoint. Key factors that influence precipitation titrations like solubility products, common ion effect and temperature are also discussed.
Errors in pharmaceutical analysis
Errors in pharmaceutical analysis can be determinate (systematic) or indeterminate (random). Determinate errors are caused by faults in procedures or instruments and cause results to consistently be too high or low. Sources include improperly calibrated equipment, impure reagents, and analyst errors. Indeterminate errors are random and unavoidable, arising from limitations of instruments. Accuracy refers to closeness to the true value, while precision refers to reproducibility. Systematic errors can be minimized by calibrating equipment, analyzing standards, using independent methods, and blank determinations.
Complexometric Titration
more chemistry contents are available
1. pdf file on Termmate: https://www.termmate.com/rabia.aziz
2. YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKxWnNdskGHnZFS0h1QRTEA
3. Facebook: https://web.facebook.com/Chemist.Rabia.Aziz/
4. Blogger: https://chemistry-academy.blogspot.com/
EDTA Titration
4.limit test for iron
This document describes the limit test for iron according to the Indian Pharmacopoeia. The test involves comparing the color produced by reacting a sample with thioglycolic acid in an ammonical citrate buffer to the color produced by a standard iron solution under the same conditions. If the color produced by the sample is less than the standard, it passes the limit test for iron. If the color is greater than the standard, it fails the limit test. The test is sensitive and uses citric acid to eliminate interference from other metal cations.
Non-aqueous titration.
This document discusses non-aqueous titration including reasons for using non-aqueous solvents, common solvent types, and examples of acidimetry and alkalimetry titrations. Protogenic, protophilic, and aprotic solvents are described. Acidimetry involves titrating weak bases like ephedrine HCl with perchloric acid in glacial acetic acid. Alkalimetry involves titrating weak acids like sodium benzoate with sodium methoxide in DMF. The document provides procedures for standardizing a perchloric acid solution and estimating the percentage of ephedrine HCl and sodium benzoate in samples.
Conductometry
Conductometric analysis measures the electrical conductivity of solutions to determine analyte concentration. It works by measuring how easily ions move through the solution when a current is applied. There are several types of conductometric titrations including acid-base, redox, and complexometric titrations. Conductometric titrations can determine the endpoint graphically without needing indicators and work well for colored, weak, or turbid solutions. The conductivity is measured using a conductometer with conductivity cells and platinum electrodes to apply a current and measure the solution's resistance.
Limit test for chloride
it will be having the limit test for chloride procedure as per Indian pharmacopoeia and practical hints
Practical Experiment 4: Benzyl from benzoin
The document summarizes an experiment to synthesize benzyl from benzoin. Benzoin is reacted with concentrated nitric acid, which oxidizes the alcohol group to a ketone, forming benzil. This is done by heating a mixture of benzoin and nitric acid on a water bath for 1.5 hours. The benzil product is purified by crystallization and has a melting point of 94-96°C. The percentage yield of benzil obtained is calculated to be 92% based on the theoretical and practical yields.
Recommended
Precipitation titration
This document discusses precipitation titration methods. It describes Mohr's method, Volhard's method and Fajan's method. Mohr's method uses potassium chromate as an indicator. Volhard's method indirectly titrates excess silver ions with thiocyanate using ferric ammonium sulfate as an indicator. Fajan's method uses adsorption indicators like fluorescein that change color upon adsorption to the precipitate formed at the endpoint. Key factors that influence precipitation titrations like solubility products, common ion effect and temperature are also discussed.
Errors in pharmaceutical analysis
Errors in pharmaceutical analysis can be determinate (systematic) or indeterminate (random). Determinate errors are caused by faults in procedures or instruments and cause results to consistently be too high or low. Sources include improperly calibrated equipment, impure reagents, and analyst errors. Indeterminate errors are random and unavoidable, arising from limitations of instruments. Accuracy refers to closeness to the true value, while precision refers to reproducibility. Systematic errors can be minimized by calibrating equipment, analyzing standards, using independent methods, and blank determinations.
Complexometric Titration
more chemistry contents are available
1. pdf file on Termmate: https://www.termmate.com/rabia.aziz
2. YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKxWnNdskGHnZFS0h1QRTEA
3. Facebook: https://web.facebook.com/Chemist.Rabia.Aziz/
4. Blogger: https://chemistry-academy.blogspot.com/
EDTA Titration
4.limit test for iron
This document describes the limit test for iron according to the Indian Pharmacopoeia. The test involves comparing the color produced by reacting a sample with thioglycolic acid in an ammonical citrate buffer to the color produced by a standard iron solution under the same conditions. If the color produced by the sample is less than the standard, it passes the limit test for iron. If the color is greater than the standard, it fails the limit test. The test is sensitive and uses citric acid to eliminate interference from other metal cations.
Non-aqueous titration.
This document discusses non-aqueous titration including reasons for using non-aqueous solvents, common solvent types, and examples of acidimetry and alkalimetry titrations. Protogenic, protophilic, and aprotic solvents are described. Acidimetry involves titrating weak bases like ephedrine HCl with perchloric acid in glacial acetic acid. Alkalimetry involves titrating weak acids like sodium benzoate with sodium methoxide in DMF. The document provides procedures for standardizing a perchloric acid solution and estimating the percentage of ephedrine HCl and sodium benzoate in samples.
Conductometry
Conductometric analysis measures the electrical conductivity of solutions to determine analyte concentration. It works by measuring how easily ions move through the solution when a current is applied. There are several types of conductometric titrations including acid-base, redox, and complexometric titrations. Conductometric titrations can determine the endpoint graphically without needing indicators and work well for colored, weak, or turbid solutions. The conductivity is measured using a conductometer with conductivity cells and platinum electrodes to apply a current and measure the solution's resistance.
Limit test for chloride
it will be having the limit test for chloride procedure as per Indian pharmacopoeia and practical hints
Practical Experiment 4: Benzyl from benzoin
The document summarizes an experiment to synthesize benzyl from benzoin. Benzoin is reacted with concentrated nitric acid, which oxidizes the alcohol group to a ketone, forming benzil. This is done by heating a mixture of benzoin and nitric acid on a water bath for 1.5 hours. The benzil product is purified by crystallization and has a melting point of 94-96°C. The percentage yield of benzil obtained is calculated to be 92% based on the theoretical and practical yields.
Complexometric titration
Complexometric titration involves the titration of a metal ion with EDTA (ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid) where a colored complex is formed at the endpoint. There are several types of complexometric titrations including direct titration where the metal ion is directly titrated with EDTA, back titration where excess EDTA is added and then titrated with another metal ion, and replacement titration where the metal ion displaces another metal ion from an EDTA complex which is then titrated. Complexometric titrations can be used to determine mixtures of metal ions and are useful because EDTA forms very stable complexes with most metal ions.
Non Aqueous Titration
Non-aqueous titration has several advantages over aqueous titration including enabling the titration of organic acids and bases that are insoluble in water. Key types of non-aqueous solvents used in titration include aprotic, protogenic, protophillic, and amphiprotic solvents. Common indicators used in non-aqueous titration include crystal violet and oracet blue B. Example applications of non-aqueous titration include determination of active ingredients in pharmaceutical preparations like ephedrine and codeine. Proper preparation and standardization of titrants such as perchloric acid in acetic acid or potassium methoxide in toluene-methanol is important for accurate non-aqueous tit
Polarography
Polarographic technique is applied for the qualitative or quantitative analysis of electroreducible or oxidisable elements or groups.
It is an electromechanical technique of analyzing solutions that measures the current flowing between two electrodes in the solution as well as the gradually increasing applied voltage to determine respectively the concentration of a solute and its nature.
The principle in polarography is that a gradually increasing negative potential (voltage) is applied between a polarisable and non-polarisable electrode and the corresponding current is recorded.
Polarisable electrode: Dropping Mercury electrode
Non-polarisable electrode: Saturated Calomel electrode
From the current-voltage curve (Sigmoid shape), qualitative and quantitative analysis can be performed. This technique is called as polarography, the instrument used is called as polarograph and the current-voltage curve recorded is called as polarogram
Redox titration
This document discusses oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions and concepts including definitions of oxidation and reduction in terms of gaining or losing electrons, oxygen, and hydrogen. It provides examples of redox reactions and identifies the oxidizing agent and reducing agent in reactions. It also discusses oxidation numbers and how to balance redox equations using the oxidation number change method. Finally, it discusses redox titrations and the specific methods of iodimetry and iodometry which involve the use of iodine as the titrant or analyte.
Acid base titration
This document discusses acid-base theories and titration. It covers:
1) Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry, and Lewis acid-base theories.
2) Types of acids and bases as strong or weak.
3) The law of mass action and dissociation constants.
4) Neutralization curves for different types of acid-base titrations and the pH at equivalence points.
5) Choice of indicators for different titrations and mixed indicators.
Lect. 8. conductometric titration
Conductometric titration. various types, Applications of Conductometric titration and its advantages
Estimation of MgSO4 &calcium gluconate
This document describes procedures for estimating the purity of magnesium sulfate and calcium gluconate. It first details the preparation of a 0.05 M disodium edetate solution and its standardization. For magnesium sulfate estimation, 0.3 g of the compound is dissolved and titrated against the disodium edetate solution. The volume used is used to calculate purity percentage. For calcium gluconate estimation, an accurately measured volume equivalent to 0.5 g of the compound is titrated against disodium edetate after the addition of magnesium sulfate and ammonia solutions. The volume used is then used to calculate the amount of calcium gluconate present.
Sources of impurities
This document discusses pharmaceutical impurities. It defines impurity as unwanted foreign particles other than the active drug. Impurities can come from raw materials, reagents, manufacturing processes, storage conditions, or deliberate adulteration. The types and amounts of impurities depend on factors like purity of starting materials and purification methods. Limit tests are used to detect and limit specific impurities like chlorides, sulphates, and iron according to pharmacopeia limits. The tests use reactions like precipitation or color changes to compare a sample to a standard of a known impurity level. Maintaining low impurity levels is important for safety, efficacy, and stability of pharmaceutical products.
Precipitation Titration
This document discusses precipitation titration, which involves the formation of an insoluble precipitate during titration. It describes the Mohr, Volhard, and Fajans methods for detecting the endpoint of precipitation titrations using different indicators like chromate, iron, and fluorescein. The Volhard method, which detects the endpoint potentiometrically by titrating excess silver with thiocyanate, is highlighted as being widely used. Limitations and ways to overcome problems of precipitation titration are also outlined.
Redox titrations in pharmaceutical analysis
Redox titrations introduction, Oxidation , reduction, oxidation number , oxidation number calculations, Balance redox reactions, Oxidizing agents, reducing agents,Cerimetry Iodometry, iodimetry, Bromatometry, dichromatometry
Primary and secondary standards
This document discusses primary and secondary standards used in pharmaceutical analysis. Primary standards are highly pure substances (99.95-100.05%) that are stable over temperature and used to standardize volumetric reagents. They must be easy to obtain and purify, soluble, and react stoichiometrically. Examples include potassium hydrogen phthalate and sodium carbonate. Secondary standards are solutions of known concentration determined by titrating against a primary standard. They have less purity and stability than primary standards and are used when primary standards are not practical, such as sodium hydroxide and potassium permanganate.
Types of Redox Titration & Principles and Applications.pdf
Redox titration involves a redox reaction between an analyte and titrant to determine the analyte concentration. It requires a redox indicator or potentiometer and monitors the reaction potential. An example is titrating iodine solution with a reducing agent, using starch indicator to detect when iodine is fully reduced to iodide ions. Redox reactions involve both oxidation, such as gain of oxygen or loss of electrons, and reduction, such as gain of hydrogen or electrons. Redox titration indicators change color when their oxidation state and the solution potential changes at the endpoint of the titration.
limit test for lead
The document describes the limit test for lead, which determines the allowable limit of heavy metal lead in a sample. The test involves reacting the sample with dithizone, which forms a violet-colored lead dithizonate complex in the presence of lead. The intensity of color in the sample is compared to that of a standard lead solution treated the same way. If the sample solution is less colored than the standard, the sample passes the lead limit test. The test is useful for detecting trace amounts of lead impurity from sources like equipment, storage containers, or packaging materials used during manufacturing or storage of medical compounds.
Types of complexometric titration
The document discusses different types of complexometric titration methods including direct titration, backtitration, replacement/substitution titration, and indirect titration. Direct titration involves directly titrating a metal ion solution with EDTA. Backtitration involves adding excess EDTA and back-titrating the excess with a second metal ion. Replacement/substitution titration involves quantitatively displacing one metal ion with the metal ion being determined. Indirect titration is used for anions by first precipitating them with a metal cation before titrating the metal with EDTA. The document also discusses titration curves in complexometric titration and EDTA as the most commonly used titrant.
Modified limit tests for chlorides and sulphates.
This document describes a modified limit test for chlorides and sulphates. For chlorides, the test is based on the reaction between silver nitrate and chloride ions to form a silver chloride precipitate in dilute nitric acid. The turbidity produced is compared to a standard solution. For sulphates, barium chloride reacts with sulphate ions in the presence of acetic acid to form a barium sulphate precipitate. The opalescence produced is compared to a standard solution containing a known amount of sulphate. Detailed procedures are provided for preparing reagents and performing the tests on samples and standards.
3.limit test for sulphate
This document describes the procedure for performing a limit test for sulphate according to the Indian Pharmacopoeia. A barium sulphate reagent is prepared containing barium chloride, potassium sulphate, alcohol and water. Standard sulphate solutions are also prepared. The test involves adding nitric acid and the reagent to samples and standards, observing any turbidity formed, and comparing the sample to the standard. If the sample turbidity is less than the standard, it passes the limit test, and if greater, it fails the test.
7.limit test for arsenic
This document describes the Gutzeit test for detecting arsenic. The test works by first converting any arsenic in a sample into arsenious acid, then reducing it to arsine gas. Mercuric chloride paper placed in the apparatus will turn yellow if arsine gas is present, indicating the presence of arsenic in the original sample. The document provides details of the test apparatus, reagents used, procedure, and precautions to get accurate results and avoid contamination.
Priamary & Secondary standard
Primary standards are very pure substances used to determine unknown concentrations, typically through titration. They are stable, anhydrous, and have a high molecular weight. Common primary standards include sodium carbonate, potassium hydrogenphthalate, and pure metals.
Secondary standards are standardized against primary standards for use in specific analyses. They have less purity and stability than primary standards but their solutions remain stable for long periods. Secondary standards are used to calibrate analytical methods and include substances titrated against a primary standard.
Complexometric titration
INTRODUCTION,LIGAND AND ITS TYPES,DETECTION OF END POINT,TYPES OF COMPLEXOMETRIC TITRATIONS AND ITS APPLICATIONS
Acid base titration
This document provides an overview of acid-base titration and volumetric analysis. It defines key terms like titration, indicator, equivalence point, and standardization. It describes different types of titrations including direct, indirect, and back titration. Acid-base concepts are explained based on Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry, and Lewis theories. The document also discusses the ionic product of water, common ion effect, classification of indicators, and theories of indicators including Ostwald and chromophore theories.
Kimia analisis kelompok 4 kelas 11.5
Iodimetry is a titration technique used to determine the amount of a reductant (substance being titrated) using a standardized iodine solution as the oxidizing titrant. The reductant is oxidized by iodine in a redox reaction. Iodimetry is performed under neutral or weak acid conditions to avoid the disproportionation or oxidation of iodine. Common indicators used include starch solution or carbon tetrachloride.
Iodine titration by krishna baokar
This document provides information on iodine titrations, including how they are used for both direct (iodimetry) and indirect (iodometry) titrations. It discusses the solubility of iodine, conditions and precautions for iodine titrations, various methods for determining the endpoint, and applications like assaying ascorbic acid, potassium permanganate, and other compounds. The document also describes how iodine solutions are standardized, often using sodium thiosulfate, as well as how sodium thiosulfate itself must be standardized due to its instability.
More Related Content
What's hot
Complexometric titration
Complexometric titration involves the titration of a metal ion with EDTA (ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid) where a colored complex is formed at the endpoint. There are several types of complexometric titrations including direct titration where the metal ion is directly titrated with EDTA, back titration where excess EDTA is added and then titrated with another metal ion, and replacement titration where the metal ion displaces another metal ion from an EDTA complex which is then titrated. Complexometric titrations can be used to determine mixtures of metal ions and are useful because EDTA forms very stable complexes with most metal ions.
Non Aqueous Titration
Non-aqueous titration has several advantages over aqueous titration including enabling the titration of organic acids and bases that are insoluble in water. Key types of non-aqueous solvents used in titration include aprotic, protogenic, protophillic, and amphiprotic solvents. Common indicators used in non-aqueous titration include crystal violet and oracet blue B. Example applications of non-aqueous titration include determination of active ingredients in pharmaceutical preparations like ephedrine and codeine. Proper preparation and standardization of titrants such as perchloric acid in acetic acid or potassium methoxide in toluene-methanol is important for accurate non-aqueous tit
Polarography
Polarographic technique is applied for the qualitative or quantitative analysis of electroreducible or oxidisable elements or groups.
It is an electromechanical technique of analyzing solutions that measures the current flowing between two electrodes in the solution as well as the gradually increasing applied voltage to determine respectively the concentration of a solute and its nature.
The principle in polarography is that a gradually increasing negative potential (voltage) is applied between a polarisable and non-polarisable electrode and the corresponding current is recorded.
Polarisable electrode: Dropping Mercury electrode
Non-polarisable electrode: Saturated Calomel electrode
From the current-voltage curve (Sigmoid shape), qualitative and quantitative analysis can be performed. This technique is called as polarography, the instrument used is called as polarograph and the current-voltage curve recorded is called as polarogram
Redox titration
This document discusses oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions and concepts including definitions of oxidation and reduction in terms of gaining or losing electrons, oxygen, and hydrogen. It provides examples of redox reactions and identifies the oxidizing agent and reducing agent in reactions. It also discusses oxidation numbers and how to balance redox equations using the oxidation number change method. Finally, it discusses redox titrations and the specific methods of iodimetry and iodometry which involve the use of iodine as the titrant or analyte.
Acid base titration
This document discusses acid-base theories and titration. It covers:
1) Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry, and Lewis acid-base theories.
2) Types of acids and bases as strong or weak.
3) The law of mass action and dissociation constants.
4) Neutralization curves for different types of acid-base titrations and the pH at equivalence points.
5) Choice of indicators for different titrations and mixed indicators.
Lect. 8. conductometric titration
Conductometric titration. various types, Applications of Conductometric titration and its advantages
Estimation of MgSO4 &calcium gluconate
This document describes procedures for estimating the purity of magnesium sulfate and calcium gluconate. It first details the preparation of a 0.05 M disodium edetate solution and its standardization. For magnesium sulfate estimation, 0.3 g of the compound is dissolved and titrated against the disodium edetate solution. The volume used is used to calculate purity percentage. For calcium gluconate estimation, an accurately measured volume equivalent to 0.5 g of the compound is titrated against disodium edetate after the addition of magnesium sulfate and ammonia solutions. The volume used is then used to calculate the amount of calcium gluconate present.
Sources of impurities
This document discusses pharmaceutical impurities. It defines impurity as unwanted foreign particles other than the active drug. Impurities can come from raw materials, reagents, manufacturing processes, storage conditions, or deliberate adulteration. The types and amounts of impurities depend on factors like purity of starting materials and purification methods. Limit tests are used to detect and limit specific impurities like chlorides, sulphates, and iron according to pharmacopeia limits. The tests use reactions like precipitation or color changes to compare a sample to a standard of a known impurity level. Maintaining low impurity levels is important for safety, efficacy, and stability of pharmaceutical products.
Precipitation Titration
This document discusses precipitation titration, which involves the formation of an insoluble precipitate during titration. It describes the Mohr, Volhard, and Fajans methods for detecting the endpoint of precipitation titrations using different indicators like chromate, iron, and fluorescein. The Volhard method, which detects the endpoint potentiometrically by titrating excess silver with thiocyanate, is highlighted as being widely used. Limitations and ways to overcome problems of precipitation titration are also outlined.
Redox titrations in pharmaceutical analysis
Redox titrations introduction, Oxidation , reduction, oxidation number , oxidation number calculations, Balance redox reactions, Oxidizing agents, reducing agents,Cerimetry Iodometry, iodimetry, Bromatometry, dichromatometry
Primary and secondary standards
This document discusses primary and secondary standards used in pharmaceutical analysis. Primary standards are highly pure substances (99.95-100.05%) that are stable over temperature and used to standardize volumetric reagents. They must be easy to obtain and purify, soluble, and react stoichiometrically. Examples include potassium hydrogen phthalate and sodium carbonate. Secondary standards are solutions of known concentration determined by titrating against a primary standard. They have less purity and stability than primary standards and are used when primary standards are not practical, such as sodium hydroxide and potassium permanganate.
Types of Redox Titration & Principles and Applications.pdf
Redox titration involves a redox reaction between an analyte and titrant to determine the analyte concentration. It requires a redox indicator or potentiometer and monitors the reaction potential. An example is titrating iodine solution with a reducing agent, using starch indicator to detect when iodine is fully reduced to iodide ions. Redox reactions involve both oxidation, such as gain of oxygen or loss of electrons, and reduction, such as gain of hydrogen or electrons. Redox titration indicators change color when their oxidation state and the solution potential changes at the endpoint of the titration.
limit test for lead
The document describes the limit test for lead, which determines the allowable limit of heavy metal lead in a sample. The test involves reacting the sample with dithizone, which forms a violet-colored lead dithizonate complex in the presence of lead. The intensity of color in the sample is compared to that of a standard lead solution treated the same way. If the sample solution is less colored than the standard, the sample passes the lead limit test. The test is useful for detecting trace amounts of lead impurity from sources like equipment, storage containers, or packaging materials used during manufacturing or storage of medical compounds.
Types of complexometric titration
The document discusses different types of complexometric titration methods including direct titration, backtitration, replacement/substitution titration, and indirect titration. Direct titration involves directly titrating a metal ion solution with EDTA. Backtitration involves adding excess EDTA and back-titrating the excess with a second metal ion. Replacement/substitution titration involves quantitatively displacing one metal ion with the metal ion being determined. Indirect titration is used for anions by first precipitating them with a metal cation before titrating the metal with EDTA. The document also discusses titration curves in complexometric titration and EDTA as the most commonly used titrant.
Modified limit tests for chlorides and sulphates.
This document describes a modified limit test for chlorides and sulphates. For chlorides, the test is based on the reaction between silver nitrate and chloride ions to form a silver chloride precipitate in dilute nitric acid. The turbidity produced is compared to a standard solution. For sulphates, barium chloride reacts with sulphate ions in the presence of acetic acid to form a barium sulphate precipitate. The opalescence produced is compared to a standard solution containing a known amount of sulphate. Detailed procedures are provided for preparing reagents and performing the tests on samples and standards.
3.limit test for sulphate
This document describes the procedure for performing a limit test for sulphate according to the Indian Pharmacopoeia. A barium sulphate reagent is prepared containing barium chloride, potassium sulphate, alcohol and water. Standard sulphate solutions are also prepared. The test involves adding nitric acid and the reagent to samples and standards, observing any turbidity formed, and comparing the sample to the standard. If the sample turbidity is less than the standard, it passes the limit test, and if greater, it fails the test.
7.limit test for arsenic
This document describes the Gutzeit test for detecting arsenic. The test works by first converting any arsenic in a sample into arsenious acid, then reducing it to arsine gas. Mercuric chloride paper placed in the apparatus will turn yellow if arsine gas is present, indicating the presence of arsenic in the original sample. The document provides details of the test apparatus, reagents used, procedure, and precautions to get accurate results and avoid contamination.
Priamary & Secondary standard
Primary standards are very pure substances used to determine unknown concentrations, typically through titration. They are stable, anhydrous, and have a high molecular weight. Common primary standards include sodium carbonate, potassium hydrogenphthalate, and pure metals.
Secondary standards are standardized against primary standards for use in specific analyses. They have less purity and stability than primary standards but their solutions remain stable for long periods. Secondary standards are used to calibrate analytical methods and include substances titrated against a primary standard.
Complexometric titration
INTRODUCTION,LIGAND AND ITS TYPES,DETECTION OF END POINT,TYPES OF COMPLEXOMETRIC TITRATIONS AND ITS APPLICATIONS
Acid base titration
This document provides an overview of acid-base titration and volumetric analysis. It defines key terms like titration, indicator, equivalence point, and standardization. It describes different types of titrations including direct, indirect, and back titration. Acid-base concepts are explained based on Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry, and Lewis theories. The document also discusses the ionic product of water, common ion effect, classification of indicators, and theories of indicators including Ostwald and chromophore theories.
What's hot (20)
Types of Redox Titration & Principles and Applications.pdf
Types of Redox Titration & Principles and Applications.pdf
Similar to Iodometry & Iodimetry
Kimia analisis kelompok 4 kelas 11.5
Iodimetry is a titration technique used to determine the amount of a reductant (substance being titrated) using a standardized iodine solution as the oxidizing titrant. The reductant is oxidized by iodine in a redox reaction. Iodimetry is performed under neutral or weak acid conditions to avoid the disproportionation or oxidation of iodine. Common indicators used include starch solution or carbon tetrachloride.
Iodine titration by krishna baokar
This document provides information on iodine titrations, including how they are used for both direct (iodimetry) and indirect (iodometry) titrations. It discusses the solubility of iodine, conditions and precautions for iodine titrations, various methods for determining the endpoint, and applications like assaying ascorbic acid, potassium permanganate, and other compounds. The document also describes how iodine solutions are standardized, often using sodium thiosulfate, as well as how sodium thiosulfate itself must be standardized due to its instability.
Oxidation reduction titration
This document discusses various types of redox titrations and indicators used. It describes the preparation and standardization of common redox titrants like potassium manganate(VII), iodine, potassium dichromate, potassium bromate and ceric ammonium sulfate. Examples of titrations included are standardization of KMnO4 with sodium oxalate or sodium thiosulfate, iodine with sodium thiosulfate or arsenic trioxide, and sodium thiosulfate with potassium iodate. The document also covers redox indicators and conditions for iodometric titrations.
Oxidation reduction titration
This document discusses various types of redox titrations and indicators used. It describes the preparation and standardization of common redox titrants like potassium manganate(VII), iodine, potassium dichromate, potassium bromate and ceric ammonium sulfate. Examples of titrations include standardization of iodine with sodium thiosulfate and arsenic trioxide, and standardization of sodium thiosulfate with potassium iodate. Precautions for different redox titrations and reactions involved are also explained.
Iodimetry & iodometry
Iodometry and iodimetry are titration methods that involve the reaction of iodine with an analyte. In iodometry, the analyte is an oxidizing agent that liberates iodine, which is then titrated with a standard thiosulfate solution. In iodimetry, the analyte is a reducing agent that is directly titrated with a standard iodine solution. Starch is commonly used as an indicator for the titrations. Iodometric and iodimetric titrations cannot be performed in strong acidic or basic conditions due to side reactions involving iodine and interference with the indicators. The methods are useful for determining concentrations of substances like vitamin C,
Iodimetry & iodometry
This document discusses iodine titrations, including iodimetric and iodometric titrations. Iodimetric titrations use iodine as the oxidizing agent, which reacts with strong reductants. Iodometric titrations involve liberating iodine from potassium iodide using an acid, then titrating the free iodine with sodium thiosulfate. Starch is commonly used as an indicator, turning blue when iodine is present. The document also provides procedures for preparing standard iodine and sodium thiosulfate solutions and describes how to standardize them using arsenic trioxide or potassium iodate, respectively.
Iodine value
The iodine value is a measure of the degree of unsaturation in oils and fats, expressed as the grams of iodine absorbed by 100g of substance. Higher iodine values indicate more double bonds available for reaction. Iodine values can be determined through titration methods using iodine monochloride, iodine monobromide, or pyridine bromide solutions. The titration solutions introduce iodine to react with double bonds, and the amount remaining is measured through reaction with sodium thiosulfate and a starch indicator.
Official compound of Iodine
Official compound of iodine and iodine contain preparation. Iodine uses, preparation, assay, storage, their physical, chemical properties and deficiency .
IB Chemistry on Redox Titration, Biological Oxygen Demand and Redox.
This document discusses titration methods including acid-base titration and redox titration. It provides details on common primary standard acids and bases used in titration as well as indicators. It also discusses the principles and reactions involved in acid-base titration and redox titration. Examples are given of various redox titrations to determine concentrations of substances like copper, iron, chlorine, vitamin C, and more. Procedures and calculations for determining percentage compositions of substances from redox titrations are outlined.
REDOX TITRATION.pdf
Redox titration, Reduction & Oxidation, Theory & Principle, Redox indicator, Permanganometry, Iodimetry, Iodometry, Dichrometry, Cerimetry, Bromimetry, Titanometry, Titration involving Potassium iodate
Iodometric and iodimetric Titration
Presentation slide on iodometric and iodimetric titration for the student seeking a quality slide on the subject. I added the following topics to this slide:
1.CONTENT
2.Titration
3.Types of Titration
4.Redox titration
5.Iodometry
6.Iodimetry
7.Difference between iodometric and iodimetric titration
8.Analytical applications on Iodometric and Iodimetric titration
9.Conclusion
Applications of Redox Titrations - Reon Sylvester
Redox titrations are used for a variety of applications in organic and inorganic analysis. Some examples include determining chemical oxygen demand to manage industrial wastewaters, determining water content in non-aqueous solvents using Karl Fischer titration, and measuring dissolved oxygen levels through Winkler's method. Iodometric and iodimetric titrations can be used to indirectly or directly determine oxidizing or reducing agents by exploiting the redox reaction between iodine and the analyte. Chlorination of public water supplies is also monitored through an indirect iodometric titration to measure total chlorine residual levels.
Biochemical oxygen demand
BOD is a measure of the amount of dissolved oxygen needed by aerobic biological organisms to break down organic material in water over a specific time period, usually 5 days. It is determined by measuring the dissolved oxygen concentration in a water sample before and after incubation. The Winkler method is used, in which manganese is oxidized to a brown precipitate by dissolved oxygen, then dissolved and titrated against a standard solution. COD measures the amount of oxygen required to chemically oxidize all organic compounds in water, determined by refluxing a sample with potassium dichromate and titrating the remaining dichromate with ferrous ammonium sulfate.
Anions 120108105251-phpapp02
1) The document discusses qualitative inorganic analysis of anions, focusing on the carbonate, bicarbonate, and sulfur-containing anion groups.
2) Key reactions described include the evolution of carbon dioxide gas from carbonates and bicarbonates with hydrochloric acid, and the evolution of sulfur dioxide gas from sulfites and thiosulfates with hydrochloric acid.
3) Precipitation reactions with reagents like barium chloride, calcium chloride, and silver nitrate are used to identify anions based on the insoluble compounds formed.
Anions
This document discusses qualitative inorganic analysis of anions, specifically focusing on carbonates/bicarbonates and sulfur-containing anions. It describes:
1) Carbonates and bicarbonates react with acids to produce carbon dioxide gas, which turns limewater milky. Sulfur-containing anions like sulfides, sulfites and thiosulfates are reducing and react with acids.
2) Common tests involve adding reagents like barium chloride, silver nitrate, and iron (III) chloride to detect anions via formation of insoluble precipitates.
3) The document provides details on solubility rules and characteristic reactions for each group of anions to allow their identification in mixtures
Iodine
Basic Information about Iodine, its properties, its isotopes, its reactions in laboratory, uses of iodine in daily life,
Oxidation reduction titrations
This document discusses redox titration methods. It describes the Winkler method for determining dissolved oxygen in waste water and determining whether bacteria present are aerobic or anaerobic. The Karl Fischer method for determining water content is also outlined, using iodine, sulfur dioxide, and pyridine dissolved in methanol to quantitatively reduce iodine in the presence of water. Common oxidizing agents used in redox titrations include potassium permanganate, potassium bromate, cerium(IV), and potassium dichromate. Sodium thiosulfate is also described as a moderately strong standard reducing agent often used in indirect iodometric titrations to determine oxidizing agents.
Oxidation reductiontitrations-140702115523-phpapp01
This document discusses redox titration methods. It describes the Winkler method for determining dissolved oxygen in waste water to determine if bacteria present are aerobic or anaerobic. It also discusses the Karl Fischer titration method for determining water content using iodine, sulfur dioxide, and pyridine dissolved in methanol. Additional topics covered include sample preparation, choice of standard oxidizing agents like potassium permanganate and potassium dichromate, and use of sodium thiosulfate as an indirect standard reducing agent in iodimetric titrations.
4. redox titrations
Learning objectives
Introduction
Preparation of a standard solution used for redox titration
Oxidizing and reducing agents used in volumetric analysis
N/10 potassium permanganate preparation
N/10 potassium dichromate preparation
N/10 Iodine solution preparation
Examples of redox titrations
Conclusion
References
Precipitates
This document discusses precipitation reactions and salt families. It provides the following key points:
1. Salts are produced from chemical reactions between acids and other substances. Each acid produces a characteristic family of salts, such as sulfates from sulfuric acid and nitrates from nitric acid.
2. Precipitation occurs when two solutions are mixed and an insoluble compound forms, coming out of solution as a solid precipitate. Solubility rules can be used to predict whether a precipitation reaction will occur.
3. Practical experiments are described to mix solutions of substances like lead nitrate and barium chloride and observe any precipitates that form based on the solubility rules. Word equations are also written for precipitation
Similar to Iodometry & Iodimetry (20)
IB Chemistry on Redox Titration, Biological Oxygen Demand and Redox.
IB Chemistry on Redox Titration, Biological Oxygen Demand and Redox.
Oxidation reductiontitrations-140702115523-phpapp01
Oxidation reductiontitrations-140702115523-phpapp01
Recently uploaded
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold Method
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
The History of Stoke Newington Street Names
Presented at the Stoke Newington Literary Festival on 9th June 2024
www.StokeNewingtonHistory.com
ANATOMY AND BIOMECHANICS OF HIP JOINT.pdf
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
clinical examination of hip joint (1).pdf
described clinical examination all orthopeadic conditions .
বাংলাদেশ অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা (Economic Review) ২০২৪ UJS App.pdf
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
Pengantar Penggunaan Flutter - Dart programming language1.pptx
Pengantar Penggunaan Flutter - Dart programming language1.pptx
The Diamonds of 2023-2024 in the IGRA collection
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...National Information Standards Organization (NISO)
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.DRUGS AND ITS classification slide share
Any substance (other than food) that is used to prevent, diagnose, treat, or relieve symptoms of a
disease or abnormal condition
Azure Interview Questions and Answers PDF By ScholarHat
Azure Interview Questions and Answers PDF By ScholarHat
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
https://app.box.com/s/y977uz6bpd3af4qsebv7r9b7s21935vdHindi varnamala | hindi alphabet PPT.pdf
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
Recently uploaded (20)
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold Method
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold Method
Digital Artefact 1 - Tiny Home Environmental Design
Digital Artefact 1 - Tiny Home Environmental Design
Film vocab for eal 3 students: Australia the movie
Film vocab for eal 3 students: Australia the movie
বাংলাদেশ অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা (Economic Review) ২০২৪ UJS App.pdf
বাংলাদেশ অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা (Economic Review) ২০২৪ UJS App.pdf
Pengantar Penggunaan Flutter - Dart programming language1.pptx
Pengantar Penggunaan Flutter - Dart programming language1.pptx
Liberal Approach to the Study of Indian Politics.pdf
Liberal Approach to the Study of Indian Politics.pdf
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
Pride Month Slides 2024 David Douglas School District
Pride Month Slides 2024 David Douglas School District
Azure Interview Questions and Answers PDF By ScholarHat
Azure Interview Questions and Answers PDF By ScholarHat
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...
Iodometry & Iodimetry
- 2. In Iodometric titration , an oxidation agent is allowed to react in neutral medium or in acidic medium ,with excess of potassium iodide to liberate free iodine . Iodometry is a n indirect titration. Free iodine is titrated against a standard reducing agent. Usually, a standard thiosulphate solution is used for this. the method is called "iodometry". Iodometry
- 3. The first step is done by the reaction between the oxidizing agents (K2Cr2O7) and KI (excess) Thus theiodine is quickly liberated. KI + Oxidizing agent → I2 K2Cr2O7 + 6KI + 7H2SO4 → Cr2 (SO4)3 + 4K2 SO4 + 7H2O + 3I2 Iodometry
- 4. The liberated iodine (in first step) is titrated with standard solution of sodium thiosulphate. Starch is used as indicator. At the end point,Alliodinewillreactwith thiosulphate and produce iodide ion . The Indicator don’t show any reaction with iodide ion.Then, the blue or violet color of starch indicator disappears. Iodometry
- 5. Iodimetry
- 6. These are the titration in which free iodine is used. When an analyte that is a reducing agent is titrated directly with a standard iodine solution, the method is called "Iodimetry". Iodine is mixed with potassium iodide and KI3 solution is prepared. KI+I2 → KI3 Starch can be used as an indicator in iodimetric titrations too. I2 + reducing agent → 2 I-
- 7. • Iodine is a weak oxidant and it can be reduced by the reductants. I2 2I- I2 + I- I3 - KI K+ + I- Strong reducing agent Sn2+ + I2 Sn4+ + 2I- 2S2O3 2- + I2 S4O6 2- + 2I- Weak reducing agent As3+ + I2 As5+ + 2I- Sb3+ + I2 Sb5+ + 2I-
- 8. • Titrate the above solution by using analyte solution present in the burette. • I2 + 2S2O3 2- S4O6 2- + 2I- • At the equilibrium point all iodine will react with sodium thiosulphate and the blue color disappears. • I- + Indicator No Reaction (Colorless)
- 9. • Iodine is very useful in titration method • These methods are used to determine the concentration of vitamin-C, sodium thiosulphate, amount of copper in super conductor etc. • Determining the concentration of these chemicals is important because hydroperoxides have a negative effecton the acceptability of the fat matrix used