i/o interface
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The document discusses application I/O interfaces and their characteristics. Application I/O interfaces provide standard ways for operating systems to treat I/O devices uniformly by hiding differences through device drivers. I/O interfaces have characteristics like their data transfer mode (character or block), access method (sequential or random), transfer schedule (synchronous or asynchronous), ability to be shared, speed, and supported input/output directions.
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The document discusses various aspects of I/O systems and mass storage devices. It describes how operating systems manage I/O devices through device drivers and controllers. It covers different types of I/O devices like block and character devices. It also discusses I/O techniques like memory mapped I/O, interrupts, DMA, polling vs interrupts. The document provides an overview of mass storage structure including magnetic disks, storage arrays, and RAID levels. It covers topics like swap space management, Windows architecture and process states in Windows.
Ch12 io systems
This document discusses operating system I/O systems. It covers I/O hardware including devices, ports, buses and controllers. It describes how operating systems manage I/O through techniques like interrupts, DMA, blocking/non-blocking I/O, buffering and caching. The kernel I/O subsystem handles requests, scheduling, error handling and protection. Interfaces like STREAMS provide communication between processes and devices. I/O performance is important to overall system performance.
Ca 2 note mano
This document provides information on input/output organization and interfaces in a computer system. It discusses different I/O techniques like interrupts and direct memory access. Interrupts allow I/O devices to signal the processor when they need attention. Direct memory access enables high-speed transfer of data directly between I/O devices and memory without processor involvement. The document also describes common I/O bus standards like PCI, SCSI and USB and how they facilitate communication between devices and the computer.
IO hardware
This document provides an overview of IO hardware and how operating systems manage communication with input/output devices. It discusses how device drivers act as interfaces between the OS and different types of hardware. It also describes various techniques for communicating with devices, including using registers, memory-mapped IO, polling, interrupts, DMA, and the roles of controllers. Interrupts allow asynchronous notification to the CPU when devices need attention. DMA offloads data transfers from the CPU. Effective management of IO is important for system performance.
comporgppt.pptx
The document discusses different methods of input/output (I/O) in computer systems. It describes three principal I/O techniques: programmed I/O, interrupt-driven I/O, and direct memory access. It also discusses I/O interfaces, peripherals, I/O modules, and how processors communicate with I/O modules using commands, addressing, and status signals. The document provides examples of common peripherals like keyboards, monitors, and disk drives and how they interface with I/O modules and exchange data with the processor.
Ch07
This document discusses system devices and device configuration from both the hardware and software perspectives on various operating systems like Windows, UNIX, Linux, and Solaris. It covers device terminology, device naming schemes, how devices are represented in the operating system, and how to view the system's device configuration from both the PROM and software levels. The goal is to understand how devices are interconnected, configured, and accessed on the system.
IO_ORGANIZATION.pdf
The document discusses input/output (I/O) organization in computers. It describes how the I/O subsystem provides communication between external devices and the central processing system. Common peripheral devices include monitors, keyboards, printers, and magnetic tapes. The document outlines different I/O techniques including programmed I/O, interrupt-driven I/O, and direct memory access. It also discusses I/O interfaces, addressing schemes, and how interrupts work to signal device completion.
COMPUTER ORGANIZATION NOTES Unit 3 4
This document discusses input/output (I/O) organization in computers. It covers several topics:
- I/O devices can connect to the CPU via a single shared bus using memory-mapped I/O. This allows direct reading/writing of device registers via memory addresses.
- Interrupts allow I/O devices to signal the CPU when an event occurs, so it can pause its current task and service the device. Interrupt handling involves disabling interrupts, servicing the device, then re-enabling interrupts.
- Direct memory access (DMA) allows high-speed transfer of large blocks of data directly between I/O devices and memory without CPU involvement, improving performance over interrupt-driven
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i/o interface
- 1. Topic i/o interface kainat ilyas Roll # UOS FSD women campus kainatilyas13@gmail.com
- 2. Application I/O Interface Application I/O Interface represents the structuring techniques and interfaces for the operating system to enable I/O devices to be treated in a standard, uniform way. The actual differences lies kernel level modules called device drivers which are custom tailored to corresponding devices but show one of the standard interfaces to applications. The purpose of the device-driver layer is to hide the differences among device controllers from the I/O subsystem of the kernel, such as the I/O system calls
- 3. characteristics of I/O interfaces • Following are the characteristics of I/O interfaces with respected to devices: • (data transfer mode)Character-stream / block - A character-stream device transfers bytes in one by one fashion, whereas a block device transfers a complete unit of bytes. • (access method)Sequential / random-access - A sequential device transfers data in a fixed order determined by the device, random-access device can be instructed to seek position to any of the available data storage locations.
- 4. • (transfer schedule)Synchronous / asynchronous - A synchronous device performs data transfers with known response time where as an asynchronous device shows irregular or unpredictable response time. • (sharing)Sharable / dedicated - A sharable device can be used concurrently by several processes or threads but a dedicated device cannot be used.
- 5. • (Device speed)Speed of operation - Device speeds may range from a few bytes per second to a few gigabytes per second. • (i/o directions)Read-write, read only, or write only - Some devices perform both input and output, but others support only one data direction that is read only.