Modes of transfer refer to the various modes by which the data residing in the memory is transferred to CPU or back to memory. Let us first discuss the need to transfer data. The data originates from the input units. Copy the link given below and paste it in new browser window to get more information on Transfer Modes:- http://www.transtutors.com/homework-help/computer-science/transfer-modes.aspx

1. TRANSFER
MODES

2. Basic definitions
COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE: it is the specification of the
hardware and software that form the computer system.
ASYNCHRONOUS TRANSFER MODE (ATM): it is a high
speed data transfer switching technique. It transfers the
data by means of cells.

3. A basic data transfer between the CPU and I/O devices

4. Modes Of Data Transfer In Computer
Architecture/ Organization
Three types of data transfer modes
 Program Controlled I/O: uses programming to transfer data , every
item is initiated by instructions in the program
 Interrupt I/O: this method avoids the wait loop. In this scheme the
i/o device initiates the transfer instead of the processor
 Direct Memory Access (DMA): in this mode of transfer large blocks of
data directly between external devices and main memory

5. Program Controlled I/O
Input read by the processor in programmed I/O mode

6. Output write in programmed I/O mode

7. Example with flowchart for program controlled I/O

8. Interrupt I/O
Flowchart
Basic architecture

9. Direct Memory Access (DMA)
Flow chart Basic architecture

10. Centralized Vs. Distributed Bus Arbitration
Centralized
Distributed

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