This document discusses sports injuries and the role of a sports therapist. It defines key terms like sports injury, incidence, prevalence, acute vs overuse injuries, and severity of injuries. It outlines the common causes of sports injuries which can be intrinsic factors like anatomy or extrinsic factors like training. It discusses preventing injuries through warmups, equipment, technique etc. Finally, it covers treating both acute and chronic injuries through methods like RICER, medication, exercises and various physical therapies.

1. Prepared by
Hazrat Bilal Malakandi
DPT, 10th Semester
IPM&R KMU Peshawar, Pakistan

3. • that deals with physical fitness, treatment and
prevention of injuries related to sports and exercise.
• ROLE OF A SPORTS THERAPIST
– Recognition, evaluation and assessment
– Prevention
– Management of the Individual Therapeutic Intervention, Rehabilitation and
Performance Enhancement
– Immediate Care

4. What is sorts injury?
• Any damage to tissues as a direct
result of participating in sports
competition or training and exercise,
which causes the frequency and/or
intensity of participation to be
changed or ceased.

5. • Incidence describes the rate of injuries in
a given time frame, in a given population.
• It is usually expressed as new injuries
sustained per 1000 hours of participation
time.

6. • For example if a marathon runner trains for 52
weeks of the year at 10 hours per week, this
gives them an injury exposure time of 520
hours.
• If they sustain 5 injuries in this time frame the
incidence is 9.62 injuries per 1000 hours
participation
• (5 ÷ 520 x 1000 = 9.62).

7. • The term prevalence describes the percentage of
athletes in a given population that have a sports
injury at a given time.
• For example if you were working with a tennis
club and 5 out of the 50 club players reported
lateral elbow pain the prevalence would be 10%.

8. • Sports Injuries Presenting to the Emergency Department: Mostly
a Pediatric Problem
• http://archive.ispub.com/journal/the-internet-journal-ofemergency-medicine/volume-2-number-2/sports-injuriespresenting-to-the-emergency-department-mostly-a-pediatricproblem.html#sthash.Y4EGn0WI.dpbs
• Sports injuries and health problems among wrestlers in Tehran
• http://jpma.org.pk/full_article_text.php?article_id=3291
• Sport injuries in squash
• http://www.pjms.com.pk/issues/aprjun209/article/article14.html

9. • National Center for Catastrophic Sport Injury
Research
http://www.unc.edu/depts/nccsi/
• Sports Injury Research Journals
http://www.physioroom.com/research/journals.php
• Sports medicine Australia Research Foundation
http://sma.org.au/membership/research-foundation/
• Journals links all over world on sports medicine
http://www.siprc.ca/links/journals.html
• Sports injury prevention research center
http://www.siprc.ca/links/journals.html

11. Acute versus overuse
• Acute injuries occur due to sudden trauma to
the tissue.The symptoms appeared almost
immediately.
• Overuse injuries occur over a period of time,
usually due to repetitive loading of the tissue,
with symptoms presenting gradually.

14. Tissue type

15. Severity
• Mild injuries usually last for 1–7 days, and
include hematoma , blisters, and DOMS.
• Moderate injuries usually last for 8–20 days, and
include low-grade muscle strains and ligaments
sprains.
• Severe injuries usually last for more than 21 days
but can lead to permanent damage. Examples
are fractures and high grade strains and sprains.

16. Primary versus secondary
• For example, an individual could get lower
back pain due to changing their posture as
they are limping because of a lateral collateral
ligament (LCL) sprain.
• In this example, the primary injury is the LCL
sprain as it is the original injury. The lower
back pain was caused as a result of the
original injury, so it is the secondary injury.

17. Common causes of sports injuries
• Sports injuries are caused by intrinsic factors
and extrinsic factors:
• An intrinsic factor relates to the individual’s
inherent, anatomical and pathological makeup.
• An extrinsic factor relates to various
environmental factors relating to training/
competition.

18. Intrinsic factor
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
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Leg length differences
Misalignment of the body
excessive quadriceps angle (Q-angle)
laxity of the joints
fatigued muscle
reduced flexibility or hyper flexibility
Muscle weakness or imbalance
Pre-existing injury
age

19. Extrinsic factors
• Excessive repetitive loading
• Sudden increases in frequency, intensity and
duration training or exercise
• Performing sport and exercise specific
techniques poorly
• Incorrect footwear
• too hard or too soft surface
• Uneven surfaces
• Being over or under-aroused

20. Preventing sports injuries
• Make sure to stretch, warm up and cool
down
• Increase your exercise level gradually
• Training and competition should take place
on an appropriate surface
• A risk assessment should be conducted.
• A technical observation of athletes to ensure
proper skills/techniques
• When jumping, make sure you land with your
knees slightly bent.

21. • The use of protective equipment
– footwear, helmets, goggles, gum shields, shin
pads, gloves, bindings, and shoulder pads
• Adherence to the rules and laws of the game
• Regular fitness testing
• Meeting nutritional requirements
• Psychological training
– mental skills training and practice
– reducing anxiety
– improve attention focus and concentration

25. Treatment of Acute Injuries
• PRICER
• Use of pain patches and topical ointments
• Use of heat after 48 hours
– When swelling is control
• Medication (NSAIDs)
– Examples include: ibuprofen, aspirin and
Naproxen Sodium

26. Treatment for chronic injuries
• Spinal manipulation
• Ultrasound: Deep heat is produced by high
frequency sound waves.
• Strengthening exercises
• Massage therapy: Manual rubbing can soothe
and relieve pain.
• Hydrotherapy
• Electro stimulation: A mild electrical current
provides pain relief by preventing nerves from
sending pain signals to the brain

27. World Worst Sports Injuries