This document discusses physical activity and the environment needed to support it. It defines physical activity and exercise, and describes different types including lifestyle, lifetime, and vigorous activity. It outlines the benefits of physical activity for physical and mental health. Key elements of a positive sports environment include proper facilities, encouragement, sports programs in schools, community influence, spectators, and regular tournaments. Principles for a good physical activity environment include location, facilities, climatic conditions, and following the PROVRBS principles of progression, regularity, overload, variety, recovery, balance, and specificity. Environmental factors like wind, rain, crowd noise, and warm weather can also impact physical activity and need to be considered.
Sport psychology is a proficiency that uses psychological knowledge and skills to address optimal performance and well-being of athletes, developmental and social aspects of sports participation, and systemic issues associated with sports settings and organizations.
What Is Sports Psychology?
Sports psychology is the study of how psychological factors influence sports, athletic performance, exercise, and physical activity. Sports psychologists investigate how participating in sports can improve health and well-being. They also help athletes utilize psychology to improve their athletic performance and mental wellness.
A sports psychologist doesn't just work with elite and professional athletes either. This type of professional also helps non-athletes and everyday exercisers learn how to enjoy sports and stick to an exercise program. They utilize exercise and athletics to enhance people’s lives and mental well-being
Sports psychology is a relatively young discipline in psychology; the first research lab devoted to the topic opened in 1925.2 The first U.S. lab closed a short while later (in the early 1930s) and American research did not resume in this area until the late 1960s when there was a revival of interest.
In 1965, the International Society of Sport Psychology (ISSP) was established.3 By the 1970s, sports psychology had been introduced as a university course offered at educational institutions throughout North America.
By the 1980s, sports psychology became the subject of a more rigorous scientific focus. Researchers began to explore how psychology could be used to improve athletic performance. They also looked at how exercise could be utilized to improve mood and lower stress levels
Types of Sports Psychologists
Just as there are different types of psychologists—such as clinical psychologists, developmental psychologists, and forensic psychologists—there are also different types of sports psychologists.
Educational Sports Psychologists
An educational sports psychologist uses psychological methods to help athletes improve sports performance.4 This includes teaching them how to use certain techniques such as imagery, goal setting, or self talk to perform better on the court or field.
Clinical Sports Psychologists
Clinical sports psychologists work with athletes who have mental health conditions such as depression or anxiety. This work involves using strategies from both sports psychology and psychotherapy.5 A clinical sports psychologist helps athletes improve their mental health and sports performance at the same time.
Exercise Psychologists
An exercise psychologist works with non-athlete clients or everyday exercisers to help them learn how to make working out a habit. This work can include some of the same techniques used by other sports psychologists, such as goal setting, practicing mindfulness, and the use of motivational techniques.
Uses of Sports Psychology
Contemporary sports psychology is a diverse field and there are a number
# Spectator
# Role of Spectators in Sports
# Spectators presence & Athlete performance
- Social Facilitation
- Competing in a familiar environment
- Spectators presence increase the sense of belonging
# Spectators presence can worsen Sports performance
- Social inhibition
- Fear of Evaluation
- The distraction effect
# Bibliography
THANKYOU
Sport psychology is a proficiency that uses psychological knowledge and skills to address optimal performance and well-being of athletes, developmental and social aspects of sports participation, and systemic issues associated with sports settings and organizations.
What Is Sports Psychology?
Sports psychology is the study of how psychological factors influence sports, athletic performance, exercise, and physical activity. Sports psychologists investigate how participating in sports can improve health and well-being. They also help athletes utilize psychology to improve their athletic performance and mental wellness.
A sports psychologist doesn't just work with elite and professional athletes either. This type of professional also helps non-athletes and everyday exercisers learn how to enjoy sports and stick to an exercise program. They utilize exercise and athletics to enhance people’s lives and mental well-being
Sports psychology is a relatively young discipline in psychology; the first research lab devoted to the topic opened in 1925.2 The first U.S. lab closed a short while later (in the early 1930s) and American research did not resume in this area until the late 1960s when there was a revival of interest.
In 1965, the International Society of Sport Psychology (ISSP) was established.3 By the 1970s, sports psychology had been introduced as a university course offered at educational institutions throughout North America.
By the 1980s, sports psychology became the subject of a more rigorous scientific focus. Researchers began to explore how psychology could be used to improve athletic performance. They also looked at how exercise could be utilized to improve mood and lower stress levels
Types of Sports Psychologists
Just as there are different types of psychologists—such as clinical psychologists, developmental psychologists, and forensic psychologists—there are also different types of sports psychologists.
Educational Sports Psychologists
An educational sports psychologist uses psychological methods to help athletes improve sports performance.4 This includes teaching them how to use certain techniques such as imagery, goal setting, or self talk to perform better on the court or field.
Clinical Sports Psychologists
Clinical sports psychologists work with athletes who have mental health conditions such as depression or anxiety. This work involves using strategies from both sports psychology and psychotherapy.5 A clinical sports psychologist helps athletes improve their mental health and sports performance at the same time.
Exercise Psychologists
An exercise psychologist works with non-athlete clients or everyday exercisers to help them learn how to make working out a habit. This work can include some of the same techniques used by other sports psychologists, such as goal setting, practicing mindfulness, and the use of motivational techniques.
Uses of Sports Psychology
Contemporary sports psychology is a diverse field and there are a number
# Spectator
# Role of Spectators in Sports
# Spectators presence & Athlete performance
- Social Facilitation
- Competing in a familiar environment
- Spectators presence increase the sense of belonging
# Spectators presence can worsen Sports performance
- Social inhibition
- Fear of Evaluation
- The distraction effect
# Bibliography
THANKYOU
Sports injuries their prevention and treatment (3e)Andris Sprogis
Sports injuries:
1 General principles 1
2 Injuries to musculoskeletal tissues 4
3 Mechanism and etiology of injuries 63
4 Sports and protective equipment 80
5 Principles of treatment 91
6 Shoulder and upper arm 111
7 Elbow 161
8 Forearm, wrist and hand 188
9 Back 216
10 Groin and thigh 243
11 Knee 281
12 Lower leg 348
13 Ankle 380
14 Foot 414
15 Head and trunk 448
16 Children and adolescents 463
17 Extreme environments 475
18 Specialized activities 484
19 General risk factors 488
20 Training and exercising 496
21 Rehabilitation 502
A module on physical fitness which is to prepare for common men covering meaning, type, component, training methods, curriculum, international program, important links
Self-declarations-The content is exclusively meant for academic purposes for enhancing teaching and learning. Any other use for economic/commercial purpose is strictly prohibited. The users of the content shall not distribute, disseminate or share it with anyone else and its use is restricted to advancement of individual knowledge. The information provided in this e-content is authentic and best as per knowledge
Secret to live 100 years get it today and see the difference
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Okinawa is an island located south of mainland Japan and is known as the site of the largest U.S. military amphibious operation during the Second World War. Today, it is better known as the source of the “Okinawa Diet” — a simple yet effective weight loss program. The Okinawa Diet is about eating plenty of plant-based food which include large quantities of tofu and locally grown vegetables. This eating plan also prescribes the consumption of different varieties of fish rich in Omega-3 fatty acids, seaweed, and other organic products that are high in protein, rich in calcium, and low in fat. In fact, it is not unusual to find Okinawans who are at least 100 years old. The island has been recognized as having the most number of centegenarians in the entire world. To this day, the incidence of heart disease, breast cancer, prostate cancer is still rare in the island.
The growing problem of being overweight and obese in the United States has made the Okinawan Diet very appealing. Many overweight individuals have tried taking a diet pill to minimize hunger pangs and , in the process, reduce food intake. Other weight loss diet pill formulas work by preventing the absorption of fat into the body, most of which come from fat-laden meats.
Since most Okinawans rarely eat meat, weight gain is hardly a problem. It is highly unusual to see overweight or bulging Okinawans. Most of them have retained the short but slim physical appearance of their ancient ancestors who were mostly hardy fisher folk and farmers. The key to the effectiveness of the Okinawan Diet is the philosophy that is best encapsulated in the phrase, “food as tonic, food as medicine.” Islanders have been strongly influenced by the food culture of China, Korea, and Mainland Japan — all which emphasized the medicinal and therapeutic value of certain food groups. In many Okinawan homes, the mother or the person who prepared the food usually serves the meal by saying, “Please eat this. This food is good for healing this or that illness. Eating is good for you.” After the meal, the people who ate the food would say, “Kusuinatan!” The word “kusuinatan” is an Okinawan term which means, “The food is good. My body feels good. Food is like medicine.”
A good read for health conscious people to know how they can maintain weight, keep a calorie watch, lose extra kilos and enjoy a healthy, happy, fit and perfect lifestyle at any age.
Evolving Priority in Developing Nations: to Prevent Personal Bias in Social W...inventionjournals
Health remains an important goal for society.‘Health for all’ is the motto of the world health organization. All hospitals spend only on allopathic drugs &modernization despitethe benefits of exercise medicine being well proven Actually, If there is a single remedy which can prevent & treat a host of lifestyle diseases like hypertension, diabetes, cardiac disease,osteoporosis, depression,etc it is only 30 minutes of exercise a day. More so it is free., Probably realizing these benefits there was a move to introduce a holistic exercise Suryanamaskar by the Indian government in year 2015 in all schools. After resistance from few organizations this path breaking decision was unfortunately withdrawn.This paper focuses on the importance of simple, economical health inventions& exercises like Suryanamaskar&the need to remove personal choices & viewpoints from theirintroduction for benefit of all.For large & populous countries like India which can barely afford to spend 3 % of GDP on health, disease prevention by exercise medicine is a good solution.To allow personal bias of a few people to hamper progress of the majority is an alarming & regrettable trend.As is said “one can count the seeds in an apple but not the apples in a seed “Only time will tell the far reaching losses & effects of these myopic & vote bank appeasing decisions.
Physical activity in people with disabilities and elderly peopleKarel Van Isacker
As presented at the International Workshop on “Qualitative Personal Caring in a European Perspective”, 07 May 2015, Antalya, Turkey
http://mcare-project.eu/
This project (M-Care - 539913-LLP-1-2013-1-TR-LEONARDO-LMP) has been funded with support from the European Commission. This website reflects the views only of the author, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
3. 3
Learning Objectives :
6.1 Introduction to Physical Activity
6.2 Concept And Need of Sports Environment
6.3 Essential Elements of Positive Sports
Environment
6.4 Principle of Physical Activity Environment
6.5 Components of Health Related Fitness
6.6 Behaviour Change Technique for Physical
Activity
6.7 Exercise Guidelines at Different Stages of
Growth
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ENVIRONMENT
4. 4
Intro
Important to Physical and Mental health.
Regular exercise brings long term health benefit.
Reduces the risk of developing age related diseases.
Controls high BP, balance problems, Heart Disease,
Diabetes etc.
6.1
INTRODUCTION TO PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
5. 5
Physical Activity :
Physical activity is any body movement that makes the
muscles work and requires more energy than resting.
Physical activity is defined as any bodily movement
produced by skeletal muscles that requires energy
expenditure.
Physical activity is mandatory for physical fitness as it
strengthens muscles and makes body flexible
Different physical activity requirement for different age
group.
Minimum 1 hr daily for children up to
age group of 18 & 45 min daily for adults
6.1
INTRODUCTION TO PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
6. 6
Types of Physical Activities
Lifestyle Physical Activity:
These activities are moderate in intensity. Can be
done by the individuals on theirs own. Walking, stair
climbing, daily household work and gardening etc
6.1
INTRODUCTION TO PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
7. 7
Difference between Physical Exercise and
Physical Activity :
Exercise
Exercise is a form of physical activity that is planned, structured
and done to improve at least one aspect of physical fitness that is,
strength, flexibility or aerobic endurance.
Physical Activity
Physical activity includes activity that is part of your daily life.
Household, workplace and lifestyle physical activity are three of the
most common types of physical activity:
Household physical activity, such as sweeping and cleaning.
6.1
INTRODUCTION TO PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
8. 8
Lifetime Physical Activity :
Moderate in intensity. Can be done by people
of all age group. Generally done in groups.
Golf , tennis, bowling, swimming etc.
6.1
INTRODUCTION TO PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
9. 9
Vigorous Physical Activity:
Require more energy than moderate lifestyle activity. Good
for building physical fitness specially cardio-vascular fitness.
Recommendation for children– 3 to 4 days a week for
approx. half an hr.
Active aerobics activity such as athletics, gymnastics,
swimming etc, Active sports activity such as Badminton,
Basketball, Rugby etc , Active recreation such as rock
climbing, hiking, cycling.
6.1
INTRODUCTION TO PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
10. 10
Physical Exercise :
Aerobic Exercise:
Any activity that uses large muscle groups and
causes the body to use more oxygen than at rest.
Increases Cardio- Vascular endurance.
Swimming, brisk walking, running, racket games.
Anaerobic Exercise
It is short-lasting, high-intensity activity, where body's
demand for oxygen exceeds the oxygen supply
available.
Relies on energy sources that are stored in the
muscles.
Also called strength or resistance training.
Push-ups, weight training, eccentric training,
functional training, interval training.
6.1
INTRODUCTION TO PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
11. 11
Muscles strengthening Exercise :
Activities to build body strength like, lifting weights , push-
ups etc.
Flexibility Exercise:
It is the activity which make joints to move freely
Increases mobility of the muscles to allow more
movement around the joint.
Improved flexibility enhances performance in aerobic
training and muscular conditioning.
6.1
INTRODUCTION TO PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
12. 12
Flexibility Exercise (cont.):
It reduces the chances of injury.
Physical exercise includes training that focuses on
accuracy , agility , power and speed.
6.1
INTRODUCTION TO PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
13. 13
Need for Physical Activity :
Helps us to be healthy and have good physical fitness
with various social benefits.
How to start Physical Activity :
Start with warm up exercise.
Warm up exercises prevents injuries.
General Warm up / Heart Warm up – Exercises like
slow jogging or brisk walking.
After general warm up focus on specific muscles.
6.1
INTRODUCTION TO PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
14. 14
Benefits of Physical Activity :
1. Helps to live longer, prevents many chronic diseases
such as heart diseases, High B.P., abnormal blood lipid,
diabetes etc.
2. Improves cardio respiratory and muscular fitness.
3. Increases bone density.
4. Helps in digestion and regular bowl movement.
5. Helps in maintaining body posture and agility in old age.
6. Improves metabolism and helps to loose weight easily
7. Reduces stress , anxiety and depression.
8. Helps to maintain brain function in old age.
9. Improves sleep quality and quality of life.
6.1
INTRODUCTION TO PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
17. 17
Physical Environment
Social Environment
Factors that encourages participation and
promotion of sports.
It requires proper infrastructure, modern
equipment ,qualified coach and qualified
physio trainer.
Motivation from parents, society and the
government improves sports
environment.
Sports person can perform their best in a
healthy sports environment.
6.2
CONCEPT AND NEED OF SPORTS ENVIRONMENT
18. 18
NEED OF SPORTS ENVIRONMENT :
1. For Raising the Standard of Sports
2. For Proper Growth & Development
3. For Avoiding Physical health Risk
4. For Avoiding Sports Injuries
5. For Avoiding Mental Health Risks
6. For Enhancing Mass Participation
6.2
CONCEPT AND NEED OF SPORTS ENVIRONMENT
19. 19
1. Sports Stadiums or Sorts Complexes
2. Playgrounds/Courts
3. Sports Equipments, Training Equipments & Protective
Equipments
4. Normal Climatic Conditions
5. Culture & Tradition of Society
6. Attitude & Behaviour of Officials & Spectators
7. Attitude & Behaviour of Parents & Players
8. Drugs, Tobacco & Alcohol Free Environment
6.3
ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF POSITIVE SPORTS ENVIRONMENT
20. 20
In elaborate words :
1. Provision of Proper Sports Facilities:
Well maintained playgrounds
Indoor and outdoor courts
International swimming pools
Sport specific equipment and apparatus of
standard weight and size
Safety equipments like helmets, chest guard,
gloves etc.
Qualified coaches
6.3
ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF POSITIVE SPORTS ENVIRONMENT
21. 21
2. Encouragement by the Parents :
Proper and timely encouragement and guidance.
Parents inclination in specific sport influences the
child.
Financial support from parents.
6.3
ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF POSITIVE SPORTS ENVIRONMENT
22. 22
3.Sports Environment in the Schools and Colleges:
Proper curriculum of physical education and sports is
required in education system .
Various techniques and sports skill can be learnt by
the children easily in their formative years.
Organize sports program for students to learn
sports skill and
techniques.
6.3
ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF POSITIVE SPORTS ENVIRONMENT
23. 23
4. Influence of Community :
Popularity of a sport in community promotes it
in all aspects.
Traditional sports are promoted in a particular
areas or by particular community. For e.g.
Wrestling promoted in Haryana, Archery
promoted in tribal areas , Hockey in Punjab .
Efforts should be made for the adoption of
sports by the communities / area.
6.3
ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF POSITIVE SPORTS ENVIRONMENT
24. 24
Influence of Community :
6.3
ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF POSITIVE SPORTS ENVIRONMENT
Wrestling
in Haryana
Archery
in
Chhattisgarh
25. 25
5. Impact of Spectators :
Large number of spectators motivates sports
person and promote sports.
E.g. Love for cricket in India.
6. Impact of Regular Tournaments :
Regular tournaments create a healthy sports
environment
Federations / Associations should organize
tournament at regular intervals at various
level. E.g. School level, District Level, Zonal
level, State level, National Level etc.
Training / Coaching Camps at various level
should be organized .
Awards and incentives for best sports person
.
6.3
ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF POSITIVE SPORTS ENVIRONMENT
26. 26
1. Location of the place of physical activity
2. Pollute less environment for physical
activity
3. Proper facilities for physical activities
4. Proper playgrounds & courts
5. Proper climatic conditions
6. Existing infrastructure should be well
maintained
7. Physical activity environment should be
safe & clean
6.4
PRINCIPLES OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ENVIRONMENT
27. 27
Sports :
Cover a range of physical activities performed
within a set of rules.
Undertaken as part of leisure or competition
Involves teams or individuals.
Supported by an institutional framework.
6.4
PRINCIPLES OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ENVIRONMENT
28. 28
Sports :
Seven principles of physical activity known as PROVRBS
should be followed during activity or exercise program.
PROVRBS
P :Progression
R : Regularity :
O :Overload :
V :Variety
R : Recovery
B :Balance
S : Specificity
6.4
PRINCIPLES OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ENVIRONMENT
29. 29
Environment
Wind speed :
It can present an unsettling element to athletes.
Running , cycling and ball sport played in open grounds
are exposed to the winds. Adverse wind condition
affects the performance of sailors.
Rain :
Environment conditions change dramatically in rain
combined with wind. It changes the playing surface of
ground requiring to change the footwear particularly
nails length of spikes. Rain changes the characteristics
of the equipment such as football hence due
importance is given during training.
6.4
PRINCIPLES OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ENVIRONMENT
30. 30
Environment
Crowd Noise :
It is a particular issue when visiting team plays at a
large indoor or outdoor stadium where the team can not
hear its own signals. Team requires regular exposure to
such conditions.
Warm Weather :
Most common adverse environment factor encountered
by athletes. Hot weather accompanied with high
humidity affects the health of the athletes. It can be
readily adopted through a gradual introduction of the
body to the unaccustomed heat.
6.4
PRINCIPLES OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ENVIRONMENT
31. 31
Environment
Cold Weather :
It requires the provisioning of protective clothing
barriers to keep the environment out. Cold weather
accompanied with snow, makes condition adverse and
need to provide better clothing.
High Altitude :
Oxygen availability is less. Altitudes above 6500 ft
present environmental challenges to peak athletic
performance. At high altitude, body is forced to produce
larger number of RBC to transport oxygen to fulfill the
oxygen deficit in air.
6.4
PRINCIPLES OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ENVIRONMENT
32. 32
1. Cardio Respiratory Endurance :
It is the ability of the body’s circulatory and
respiratory system to supply oxygen during
sustained physical activity. To improve CRE
activities that keep heart rate elevated at a
safe level for a sustained period should be
taken up. Intensity of the activity should be
progressively increased. Running , Cycling
, swimming etc..
6.5
COMPONENTS OF HEALTH RELATED FITNESS
33. 33
2. Muscular Strength :
It is the ability of the muscles to exert force
during an activity. To make muscle
stronger ,muscles should be worked
against resistance. Weight lifting , running
on the stairs etc..
6.5
COMPONENTS OF HEALTH RELATED FITNESS
34. 34
3. Muscular Endurance :
Ability of the muscles to continue to perform
without fatigue. Cardio respiratory activities
such as walking , jogging , swimming improve
muscle endurance.
4. Body Composition :
It describes the percentages of fat, bone,
water and muscle in human body. It is
important for health and managing the weight.
6.5
COMPONENTS OF HEALTH RELATED FITNESS
35. 35
5. Flexibility :
It is the range of motion around a joint.
Good flexibility in the joints can
prevent injuries through all stages of
life. To improve flexibility basic
stretching activities should be taken
up.
6.5
COMPONENTS OF HEALTH RELATED FITNESS
36. 36
BENEFITS OF HEALTH RELATED FITNESS
1. Improved Health :
Increase efficiency of heart and lungs.
Reduce cholesterol level.
Balanced blood pressure.
Reduce risk of major illness.
Balanced weight.
2. Improved Sense of Well Being :
More energy ,less stress
Improved ability to cope with stress.
Increased mental sharpness.
3. Improved Appearance :
Balanced weight , toned muscles
Improved posture.
6.5
COMPONENTS OF HEALTH RELATED FITNESS
37. 37
BENEFITS OF HEALTH RELATED FITNESS
4. Enhanced Social Life :
Improved self image.
Increased opportunity to make friends .
Increased opportunity to share
activities with family.
5. Increased Stamina :
Increased productivity .
Increased physical capabilities.
Less frequent injuries.
Improved immunity to minor illness.
6.5
COMPONENTS OF HEALTH RELATED FITNESS
38. 38
Behaviour Change Technique :
To enhance the psychological component of
physical activity, mental skills training has
been recognised as an effective method.
A process that can influence psychological
determinants.
Psychological determinants are theoretical
variables in peoples’ mind, comparable to
risk factors in epidemiology.
.
6.6 BEHAVIOUR CHANGE TECHNIQUE FOR
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
40. 40
1. Intervention Method:
Theory based method for changing
psychological determinants of behaviour of the
person’s attitude or self-efficiency
Includes the concept of parameters of
effectiveness
Develops a generic, abstract vocabulary to
facilitate discussion of active ingredients of
intervention
Emphasise the distinction between behaviour
change method and practical application of these
method
6.6 BEHAVIOUR CHANGE TECHNIQUE FOR
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
41. 41
2. Trial and Error :
Process of experimenting with various activities
till the most successful is found
Different techniques for different individuals
Jumps, Throws, Running actions can be
corrected
3. Cognitive Behavioural Technique:
Examines the relationship between thoughts,
feelings and behaviour
Problem focused and goal oriented
Useful for anxiety disorders, panic attacks
6.6 BEHAVIOUR CHANGE TECHNIQUE FOR
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
42. 42
4. Observation Technique:
Changes that take place by observing other
person( called model).
Also known as imitation, vicarious learning,
social learning
Children model their parents, student model their
teacher
5. Punishment:
Administration of aversive stimulus to reduce
unwanted behaviour
May be physical or non- physical
Behaviour not the person is punished
Positive and Negative Punishment
Used in extreme cases
6.6 BEHAVIOUR CHANGE TECHNIQUE FOR
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
43. 43
Growth:
It refers to increase in size and weight, becoming
larger and heavier.
Can be viewed as physical changes that occurs from
conception to maturity
It can also be defined as a progressive development
of a living thing, specially the process by which the
body reaches its point of complete physical
development.
Human growth from infancy to maturity involves
major changes in body size and appearance,
including the development of several characteristics.
Individual pattern of growth vary widely due to
difference in hereditary and environment.
6.7
DIFFERENT STAGES OF GROWTH
44. 44
Stages of Growth:
1. Infancy (1 to 3 years )
2. Early Childhood ( 3 to 8 years )
3. Later Childhood ( 8 to 12 years )
4. Adolescence ( 13 to 19 years )
5. Adulthood ( Above 19 years )
EXERCISE GUIDELINE AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF
GROWTH
45. 45
1. Infancy (1 to 3 years )
Exercise to develop head control,
sitting & crawling
Gross motor activities should be
promoted
Exercise for moving arms, legs &
reaching to objects
Exercise like throwing, catching &
kicking a ball
EXERCISE GUIDELINE AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF
GROWTH
46. 46
2. Early Childhood(3 to 8 years )
Exercise to develop competence in
movement skills
Emphasis on participation & not on
competition
Activities related to fine motor skills
Structured & unstructured physical
activities for at least 60 min daily
Recreative & enjoyable methods of
physical activities
Clean and safe environment
EXERCISE GUIDELINE AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF
GROWTH
47. 47
3. Later Childhood(8 to 12years )
Exercise to develop body control,
strength and co-ordination
Activities related to endurance should
be avoided
Organized or team games to develop
social-consciousness
Introduction to competitive sports
Teach basic rules of sports i.e. fair play,
simple strategies & tactics
Introduction to concept of sports
training
EXERCISE GUIDELINE AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF
GROWTH
48. 48
4. Adolescence(13 to 19years )
Moderate to vigorous intensity physical
activity
60 min to several hrs everyday
Muscle strengthening exercise at least 3
times a week
Bone strengthening exercises and
resistance exercises( weight training )
Running, swimming etc for stamina
building
EXERCISE GUIDELINE AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF
GROWTH
49. 49
5. Adulthood(above 19 years )
Moderate intensity physical activity
everyday
Muscle strengthening exercise at least 2
times a week
Bone strengthening exercises and
resistance exercises
Running, swimming etc for stamina
building
EXERCISE GUIDELINE AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF
GROWTH