This lesson is for "Psychology and Sports " for Grade XI students of CBSE as per new syllabus

1. CHAPTER 10

2. PSYCHOLOGY AND SPORTS
CHAPTER 10

3. 10.1 Definitions and Importance of Psychology in
Physical Education and Sports
10.2 Define and Differentiate between Growth and
Developments
10.3 Developmental Characteristics at Different
Stages of Development
10.4 Adolescent Problems and their Management
10.5 Define Learning, Laws of Learning and Transfer
of Learning
10.6 Plateau and Causes of Plateau
10.7 Emotions: Concepts and Controlling of Emotions
PSYCHOLOGY AND SPORTS

4. • The scientific study of the human mind and its
functions, especially those affecting behaviour in a
given context
• The mental characteristics or attitude of a person
or group.
Psychology

5. • Sport psychology is the scientific study of people
and their behaviors in sport contexts and the
practical application of that knowledge.
• Sport psychology is an interdisciplinary science
that draws on knowledge from many related fields
including biomechanics, physiology, kinesiology
and psychology.
10.1 Definition of Sports Psychology

6. Sport psychologists have two
objectives in mind:
(a) To understand how psychological
factors affect an individual's physical
performance
(b) To understand how participation in
sport and exercise affects a person's
psychological development, health and
well-being.
10.1 Meaning of Sports Psychology

7. 1. Enhancement of Physiological Capacities :
• Psychological capacities plays important role in
enhancement of strength , speed , flexibility etc.
• Motivation plays an important role in enhancement.
10.1 Importance of Sports Psychology

8. 2. Learning the Motor Skills :
a) Motor skills learning depends on individual’s level of
physiological and psychological readiness
b) Physiological readiness means development of necessary
strength, flexibility and endurance
c) Psychological readiness means the desire and willingness to
learn the particular skill
10.1 Importance of Sports Psychology

9. 3. In Understanding the Behaviour :
a) Sportspersons interest, attitude towards physical
activity, personality traits and instincts
b) This information is used in different sports situations
10.1 Importance of Sports Psychology

10. 4. In Controlling the Emotions :
a) Anger, disgust, fear, negative thinking, feeling of ownership are
the emotions which need to be controlled
b) Uncontrolled emotions can decrease the performance
c) Controlling the emotions during practice sessions and
competitions
d) Prevent buckling under pressure
10.1 Importance of Sports Psychology

11. 5. In Preparing the Athletes Psychologically for
Competitions :
a) Mental preparations for the competitions have gained
importance now
b) Individuals and teams are given
psychological tips before and
after the competition
d) Psychologists work to create
the will “to win” and a positive
attitude to handle the losses
10.1 Importance of Sports Psychology

12. 6. Role in the Emotional Problems of
Sportspersons :
a) Stress, tension & anxiety common emotional
problems
b) Depression, Frustration, Anorexia
& Panic
c) Techniques for relaxations and
stress management are helpful
10.1 Importance of Sports Psychology

13. Growth:
– The process of increasing in size.
– The growth of a person or ​animal is its process
of increasing in ​Size, Shape, Height or Weight
– Used in the physical terms
10.2 Definition of Growth

14. Development:
The process of developing or being developed.
(evolution, growth, maturing, expansion, enlarge
ment, spread, progress, success, blossoming, bloo
ming )
 Not limited to growing larger
 Consists of a progressive series of changes of an
orderly, coherent type towards the goal of
maturity
 An event constituting a new stage in a changing
situation
10.2 Definition of Development

15. Development:
 Can be observed, appraised and measured
in 3 major manifestation
 Anatomic, physiologic & behavioural
 Behaviour constitute the most
comprehensive index of developmental
status & potential
 Changes in qualitative aspects
10.2 Definition of Development

16. S.N Growth Development
1 Can be measured
quantitatively e.g. change in
height, weight
Multiple changes in behaviour,
efficiency and capability
2 Limited to a definite age Life long process
3 Part of Development Includes physical, mental,
social & emotional Growth
4 Linked to Food and Age Linked to Physical activity,
Education, social interaction
5 Related to one aspect of
Personality
Related to all aspects
of Personality
10.2 Difference Between Growth and
Development

17. Classification of Stages of
Growth & Development :
1.Infancy
2.Childhood
3.Adolescence
4.Adulthood
10.3 Developmental Characteristics at
Different Stages of Development

19.  Stage from birth to the end of 5 years of age
 Grasping power & thinking ability of brain is very
fast
 Understands & speaks the language
 Curiosity is high & asks various questions
 Do not have control over emotions & tend to forget
 Exhibit emotions through motor skills activities
 Learn the activities related to motor skills like
walking, running, jumping, throwing & catching etc.
 Learn to use physical organs, internal organs and
sensory organs in balanced way
10.3 Developmental Characteristics at
Infancy

20. – Stage from 6th year of age to 12 year
– Can control their muscles
– Neuro-muscular coordination efficient
10.3 Developmental Characteristics at
Childhood

21.  Concentration power and thinking ability
increases
 Learn to control their emotions &
behaviour
 Social qualities start developing
 Show qualities like courage, imagination,
adventure etc
 Have their idols & try to imitate their idols
 Strong memory
10.3 Developmental Characteristics at
Childhood

22.  Starts after childhood and ends around 19 year
of age
 Also called teenage
 Stage of complex changes
a) Physical characteristics
b) Mental characteristics
c) Emotional characteristics
d) Social characteristics
e) Motor characteristics
10.3 Developmental Characteristics at
Adolescence

23. a) Physical characteristics
I. Many physical changes take place
II. Moustache & beard in boys
III. Breast development in girls
(cont.)
10.3 Developmental Characteristics at
Adolescence

24. a) Physical characteristics (cont.)
IV. Height, weight, bones, muscle power begins
to mature
V. Development of internal & external Sexual
organs
VI. Body structure of boys and girls is clearly
differentiated
VII.Physical changes make them impatient,
restless & worried as they do not have
complete knowledge of the changes
10.3 Developmental Characteristics at
Adolescence

25. b) Emotional characteristics
i. Full of emotions
ii. Alteration between
Intense Excitement &
Deep Depression
iii. Becomes sexually active
iv. Love, hate, anger, greed,
jealousy etc are the emotions which trap them
v. Find difficult to cope up with disrespect and disgrace
vi. Suggestions & guidance of elders is disliked ( Rebels)
10.3 Developmental Characteristics at
Adolescence

26. c) Social characteristics
I. Want to have their own standards against the
established social traditions and customs
II. Ready to revolt
10.3 Developmental Characteristics at
Adolescence

27. c) Social characteristics (cont.)
III. Aspire for leadership and specific recognition
IV. Keen to build life long partnership with boys
and girls
V. Keen to participate in recreational activities
where they can interact with persons of
their age group
VI. Consider friends of their age group most
trustworthy
10.3 Developmental Characteristics at
Adolescence

28. d) Motor characteristics
I. Motor coordination improves
II. Boys have better motor coordination abilities due
to active participation in sports and training
10.3 Developmental Characteristics at
Adolescence

29. d) Motor characteristics (cont.)
III. Rapid development of strength in boys
IV. Girls have more flexibility
V. Performance in various sports improves
considerably during this age
VI. Regular participation in sports and training
can lead to continuous motor development
10.3 Developmental Characteristics at
Adolescence

30. Adolescence :
I. Is the period through which a growing person makes
transition from childhood to maturity
II. Is the period of great stress, strain, storm and strife
III. Is the period in which a child tries to become capable
of doing everything by himself
10.4 Adolescent Problems and their
Management

31. 1. Physical Problem :
a) Internal and External growth of organs
b) Physical appearance
c) Development of sexual organs
10.4 Adolescent Problems

32. 2. Mental Problem :
a) Stress and tension are the common problems
b) Difficulty in cooperation
c) Maladjustment
10.4 Adolescent Problems

33. 3. Problem of aggressive behaviour :
a) Tendency to be aggressive
b) Become irritated easily
c) Tendency to revolt
10.4 Adolescent Problems

34. 4. Lack of Stability and Adjustment :
a) Continuous alteration in behaviour
b) Lack stability
c) Find difficulty in working in a team
d) Difficult to coordinate with others
e) Feel Parental and Peer pressure all the time
10.4 Adolescent Problems

35. 5. Emotional Problems :
a) Live intensely emotional life
b) Wide fluctuation in emotions
10.4 Adolescent Problems

36. 6. Problems related to Sex :
a) Opposite Sex attraction
b) Most of the times curiosity leads to troubles
10.4 Adolescent Problems

37. 7. Problems of Self-support
a) Want to make their own place in the society
b) Want to be of use to the family, friends and
the society
c) Career selection problem
10.4 Adolescent Problems

38. 8. Feeling of Importance :
a) Expect respect from others
b) Fear of disgrace
c) Fear of disgrace and disrespect make them Rebels
10.4 Adolescent Problems

39. 9. Social Problems
a) Want to change the customs and traditions of the
society
b) Peer group is most important
c) Easy to fall prey to vices like smoking, drinking,
drugs
10.4 Adolescent Problems

40. 1. Education for Motor Developments
a) Should be encouraged to play various games &
sports
10.4 Management of Adolescent
Problems

41. 2. Education of Psychology
a) Parents and Teachers should be given the basic
knowledge of Adolescent’s psychology
b) Interaction of Teacher-student and Parents-children
10.4 Management of Adolescent
Problems

42. 3. Sex Education
a) Natural attraction for Opposite Sex
b) No information breeds misconception
c) Proper sex education is required
d) Information should be disseminated through
parents & teachers
10.4 Management of Adolescent
Problems

43. 4. Vocational Guidance
a) Vocational guidance is very important for
adolescents
b) Should be based upon intelligence, capabilities,
aptitude and interest
c) Future education & career is based upon vocational
guidance
10.4 Management of Adolescent
Problems

44. 5. Moral & Religious Education
a) Moral education should be imparted in school
b) Religious education is generally provided at home
c) Indiscipline, anxiety & tension can be tackled
10.4 Management of Adolescent
Problems

45. 6. Provide Suitable Environment
a) Suitable environment for growth & development
b) Environment should consist of proper facilities &
opportunities
c) Balanced diet & discipline
10.4 Management of Adolescent
Problems

46. 7. Adequate Independence
a) Adolescents want freedom in every facet of life
b) Should be allowed to express their views freely and
due importance should be given to their views
c) Socializing activities like picnic, trekking, hiking
should be encouraged
10.4 Management of Adolescent
Problems

47. 8. Social education
a) Adjustment with other in the society should taught
b) Too much dependency should be discouraged
c) Opportunities for interaction with elders & younger
ones should provided through social functions
10.4 Management of Adolescent
Problems

48. Learning
• A process that depends on experience and leads to
long-term changes in behaviour potential
• A process by which behaviour originates or is
altered through training or experience
• Any relatively permanent change in behaviour that
occurs as a result of practice and experience
• Is a continuous process and universal
• Is purposive and goal oriented
10.5 Learning

49. Psychologist Thorndike propounded laws
of learning.
These laws can be classified into:
•Primary Laws of Learning
•Secondary Laws of Learning
10.5 Laws of Learning

50. • Primary Laws of Learning
Law of Readiness
 Law of Effect
Law of Exercise
• Secondary Laws of Learning
Law of Contiguity
 Law of attitude
 Law of Belongingness
 Law of Similarity
 Law of primacy
 Law of Recency
 Law of Contrast
10.5 Laws of Learning

51. 1. Law of Readiness
• Also Known as law of preparedness
• The learner learns when he is ready to learn
10.5 Primary Laws of Learning

52. 1. Law of Readiness ( cont…..)
• Maturity & interest are essential for readiness
• Until a child is physically & mentally ready to learn, he can
not learn and the learning process will be annoying,
dissatisfying and unpleasant
• Motivation is an aspect of readiness
• An environment should be created
so that the child is eager or curious
to learn the activity
10.5 Primary Laws of Learning

53. 2. Law of Effect
• If the effort in doing any work is enjoyable or pleasant,
the individual tries to learn that activity quickly and learns
it too
• Directly related to success and failure
• Success brings satisfaction to the person which leads the
person towards learning
10.5 Primary Laws of Learning

54. 3. Law of Exercise
• The connections are strengthened with trail or practice
and the connections are weakened when trial or practice
is discontinued.
10.5 Primary Laws of Learning

55. 3. Law of Exercise (cont…..)
• Also known as ‘law of use and disuse’
• Law of Effect & law of Exercise work together
• Organs of body which are used become powerful
• Law is applied in all sports activities
• Swimming can not be learnt
through correspondence
course
10.5 Primary Laws of Learning

56. 1. Law of Contiguity
• Also known as Law of Association
• One condition may match with many other condition
• When we think about one object , all objects related to it
will also be remembered
• Poems are easy to remember as the words and lines are
associated with each other
10.5 Secondary Laws of Learning

57. 2. Law of Attitude
• Learning depends on our propensity or attitude
3. Law of Belongingness
• If the mutual relationship between stimulus and response
is natural, then learning is more effective
• Natural activities like running, jumping is easy to learn but
unnatural activity like running backward is difficult to
learn
10.5 Secondary Laws of Learning

58. 4. Law of Similarity
• Learner reacts on the basis of his past experiences
• Its easy for a long jumper to learn triple jump
5. Law of Primacy
• Based on “first impression is the Last impression”
10.5 Secondary Laws of Learning

59. 6. Law of Recency
• The experiences that are learnt recently, remain fresh in
memory
• If first impression is the last impression, the last
impression is the lasting impression
7. Law of Contrast
• If we learn an activity properly, we also learn it quickly
and easily
• Learning opposite words, synonyms together can help you
remember them quickly & always
10.5 Secondary Laws of Learning

60. Transfer of Learning
• The ability to extend what has been learnt in one context
to new contexts
• The carry over of habits of thinking, feeling or working of
knowledge or of skills from one learning area to another
area
• The process of using knowledge or skills acquired in one
context to new contexts
• Influence of previous experiences on performing a skill in
a new context or on learning a new skill
10.5 Transfer of Learning

61. 1. Positive Transfer
• When learning in one context enhances a related
performance in another context
• Basketball player finds it easier learn Handball
2. Negative Transfer
• When learning of one skill makes learning of another
skill difficult
• A squash player finds it difficult to stop using the wrist
during the shots
10.5 Types of Transfer of Learning

62. 3. Application Transfer
• When previous learning is applied successfully to life
situations
4. Bilateral Transfer
• When training one side of the body improves
performance of the corresponding other side of the
body
• A change in right foot performance as a result of left
foot training in Football
10.5 Types of Transfer of Learning

63. 5. Proactive Transfer
• Learning of a skill affects the learning of the skill yet
to be learnt
• In Tennis, first learning the forehand shot and then
applying this skill to learn top spin shot
6. Retroactive Transfer
• When learning new skill, affects the previously learnt
skill
• A Hockey player, Learning the flicking skill may affect
his previously learnt push pass
10.5 Types of Transfer of Learning

64. 1. Learner’s Will
2. Learner’s Intelligence
3. Learner’s Personal Achievements
4. Identical Subject Matter
5. Training in Transfer
6. Depth of Original Understanding
10.5 Factors Affecting Transfer of
Learning

65. Plateau :
When a skill is learnt, initially rapid progress is made by the
learner, however, after some time the progress is stopped
and no amount of training makes any improvement. This
stage is called
“Plateau of learning”.
Plateau is a common
phenomenon.
It may occur again & again
10.6 Plateau & Causes of Plateau

66. 1. Deficiency in physiological power
2. Too much time spent in one training
environment
3. Competition Schedule
4. Less Interest
5. Too rapid progress at the start
6. Use of old methods of training
10.6 Causes of Plateau

67. 7. Lack of concentration
8. Toughness of the skill
9. Fatigue or staleness
10. Poor coaching or training
11. Environmental pollution
10.6 Causes of Plateau (cont….)

68. The period of Plateau can be reduced but
can not be avoided
Psychologists say Plateau is part of the
learning
Trainers should use psychological
methods to reduce the period
10.6 Elimination of Plateau

69.  A moved or stirred up state of feeling in
an individual linked with some tendency.
There are physiological changes
associated with each emotion
 Strong agitation of the feelings actuated
by experiencing love, hate, fear
accompanied by increased heartbeat or
respiration , crying or shaking
 Disturbs logical thinking
 Changes facial expression
10.7 Emotions: Concept of Emotions

70. 1. Control breathing
2. Meditation
3. Repression
4. Introspection
5. Suggestions by Coaches/Teachers
6. Avoid the situation
7. Redirection
8. Practice Progressive muscle relaxation
9. Exercise
10.7 Emotions:
Method of Controlling Emotions