Introduction to research
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Inshallah, after watching these slides you will understand how to do research, research purposes & significance, research types & much more
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Educational research
The document defines and discusses different types of educational research. It begins by defining research as a systematic process of investigation that uses specialized tools and procedures to solve problems. Educational research specifically aims to develop a science of behavior in educational situations to determine the most effective teaching methods. The document outlines that educational research is purposeful, objective, and concerned with solving problems through quantitative and systematic analysis of collected data. It then describes the main types of educational research as quantitative (experimental, quasi-experimental, correlational) and qualitative (survey, case studies, documentary analysis, ethnographic, historical, philosophical). Several specific methodologies like experimental research, quasi-experimental research, and correlation research are also defined.
Research and types of research
This document defines and provides examples of different types of research:
- Basic research is driven by curiosity to expand knowledge without a specific commercial application. Applied research seeks practical solutions to problems.
- Experimental and correlational research test hypotheses by establishing variable relationships, with experimental research also determining causation.
- Exploratory research helps define unclear problems by informally reviewing literature or discussing with consumers.
- Historical research examines past events and solutions to provide perspective on current issues.
- Qualitative research investigates human behavior and decision-making through methods like beliefs and symbols rather than quantitative data.
- Quantitative research develops mathematical models and theories about phenomena through statistical analysis.
Descriptive research design
Descriptive research aims to describe behaviors as they occur without attempting to answer why. There are three main methods: observational research directly observes behaviors; case studies provide in-depth analysis of a specific person, event, or situation; and surveys collect standardized information from a sample through questionnaires, interviews, or brief discussions to describe a population. Each method has strengths, such as providing rich qualitative data, but also limitations like inability to generalize or potential for researcher bias. The choice of descriptive method depends on the research question.
Introduction to Research Methodology
Introduction to Research Methodology
+ What is Research?
+ The purpose of Research
+ Specifications of High Quality Research
+ Motivations of Research
+ Types of Research
+ Steps of Conducting Research
+ Systematic Literature Review (SLR)
+ Analytical / Applied Research
Topic Selection
There are several considerations when selecting a research topic, including academic/intellectual factors and practical applicability. Students may choose from assigned topics, field study topics using various resources, or free choice topics based on their own interests. Key factors in topic selection include the researcher's ability to study the topic thoroughly, available resources and techniques, and the topic's relevance to existing theories. Formulating a research problem involves discovering an issue in need of study and narrowing it to a manageable size. Developing testable hypotheses, clearly defining concepts, and establishing operational definitions allows relating findings to broader knowledge.
DEFINITIONS OF RESEARCH
1. Research is defined by various scholars as a systematic, purposeful inquiry to discover and verify new facts or principles about a problem through defined procedures.
2. It involves collecting and analyzing data critically to develop original conclusions, and testing those conclusions to determine if they address the problem.
3. Comprehensive definitions of research emphasize that it is an honest, exhaustive process aimed at contributing new knowledge to a field through establishing or refining principles.
Research methodology
The document discusses different types of research methodology. It describes research as comprising of defining problems, formulating hypotheses, collecting and evaluating data, making deductions, reaching conclusions, and testing conclusions. The purpose of research is to discover answers to questions through scientific procedures. Research can be exploratory, descriptive, diagnostic, or aimed at hypothesis testing. Additional types discussed include descriptive, analytical, applied, quantitative/qualitative, conceptual, empirical, one-time/longitudinal, field/laboratory, clinical, exploratory/formalized, and conclusion oriented.
Research Designs and Research methods
This document discusses various research methods including descriptive research, case study, and experimental research. Descriptive research aims to examine current situations to establish norms by using methods like surveys. Case study involves an in-depth investigation of a small number of cases like individuals or groups. Experimental research aims to isolate and control conditions to observe the effects of manipulating independent variables on dependent variables.
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Educational research
The document defines and discusses different types of educational research. It begins by defining research as a systematic process of investigation that uses specialized tools and procedures to solve problems. Educational research specifically aims to develop a science of behavior in educational situations to determine the most effective teaching methods. The document outlines that educational research is purposeful, objective, and concerned with solving problems through quantitative and systematic analysis of collected data. It then describes the main types of educational research as quantitative (experimental, quasi-experimental, correlational) and qualitative (survey, case studies, documentary analysis, ethnographic, historical, philosophical). Several specific methodologies like experimental research, quasi-experimental research, and correlation research are also defined.
Research and types of research
This document defines and provides examples of different types of research:
- Basic research is driven by curiosity to expand knowledge without a specific commercial application. Applied research seeks practical solutions to problems.
- Experimental and correlational research test hypotheses by establishing variable relationships, with experimental research also determining causation.
- Exploratory research helps define unclear problems by informally reviewing literature or discussing with consumers.
- Historical research examines past events and solutions to provide perspective on current issues.
- Qualitative research investigates human behavior and decision-making through methods like beliefs and symbols rather than quantitative data.
- Quantitative research develops mathematical models and theories about phenomena through statistical analysis.
Descriptive research design
Descriptive research aims to describe behaviors as they occur without attempting to answer why. There are three main methods: observational research directly observes behaviors; case studies provide in-depth analysis of a specific person, event, or situation; and surveys collect standardized information from a sample through questionnaires, interviews, or brief discussions to describe a population. Each method has strengths, such as providing rich qualitative data, but also limitations like inability to generalize or potential for researcher bias. The choice of descriptive method depends on the research question.
Introduction to Research Methodology
Introduction to Research Methodology
+ What is Research?
+ The purpose of Research
+ Specifications of High Quality Research
+ Motivations of Research
+ Types of Research
+ Steps of Conducting Research
+ Systematic Literature Review (SLR)
+ Analytical / Applied Research
Topic Selection
There are several considerations when selecting a research topic, including academic/intellectual factors and practical applicability. Students may choose from assigned topics, field study topics using various resources, or free choice topics based on their own interests. Key factors in topic selection include the researcher's ability to study the topic thoroughly, available resources and techniques, and the topic's relevance to existing theories. Formulating a research problem involves discovering an issue in need of study and narrowing it to a manageable size. Developing testable hypotheses, clearly defining concepts, and establishing operational definitions allows relating findings to broader knowledge.
DEFINITIONS OF RESEARCH
1. Research is defined by various scholars as a systematic, purposeful inquiry to discover and verify new facts or principles about a problem through defined procedures.
2. It involves collecting and analyzing data critically to develop original conclusions, and testing those conclusions to determine if they address the problem.
3. Comprehensive definitions of research emphasize that it is an honest, exhaustive process aimed at contributing new knowledge to a field through establishing or refining principles.
Research methodology
The document discusses different types of research methodology. It describes research as comprising of defining problems, formulating hypotheses, collecting and evaluating data, making deductions, reaching conclusions, and testing conclusions. The purpose of research is to discover answers to questions through scientific procedures. Research can be exploratory, descriptive, diagnostic, or aimed at hypothesis testing. Additional types discussed include descriptive, analytical, applied, quantitative/qualitative, conceptual, empirical, one-time/longitudinal, field/laboratory, clinical, exploratory/formalized, and conclusion oriented.
Research Designs and Research methods
This document discusses various research methods including descriptive research, case study, and experimental research. Descriptive research aims to examine current situations to establish norms by using methods like surveys. Case study involves an in-depth investigation of a small number of cases like individuals or groups. Experimental research aims to isolate and control conditions to observe the effects of manipulating independent variables on dependent variables.
sources of research problem
Research is defined as a systematic inquiry into a problem using scientific methods. A research problem is a clear statement about an area needing investigation or improvement. Research problems come from various sources, including social issues, previous studies, and personal interests. When formulating a research problem, researchers specify objectives, review the context, explore the nature of the problem, define variable relationships, and consider alternative courses of action. Characteristics of a good research problem include being clear, specific, limited in scope, researchable, and free of ethical constraints.
Research methodology
This document provides an overview of research methodology. It defines research and discusses its key characteristics including being systematic, empirical, and objective. It also covers different types of research such as pure vs applied research, and quantitative vs qualitative approaches. Additionally, it outlines the typical steps in the research process from formulating the problem to analyzing data and reporting results. The document serves as a useful introduction to research methodology concepts.
Research Related Terms
1. The document defines key research-related terms like abstract, applied research, basic research, case study, causal comparative research, census survey, cluster sampling, content analysis, control, control group, and continuous variable.
2. It also explains research types like correlational research, descriptive statistics, document analysis, ethnographies, experimental research, historical research, observational research, qualitative research, and quantitative research.
3. Additionally, it covers critical concepts like hypothesis, independent and dependent variables, limitation, meta-analysis, population, problem statement, purposive sampling, reliability, research plan, sampling, and validity.
DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH DESIGN
This document describes descriptive research design. Descriptive research aims to observe and document aspects of a situation as it naturally occurs without manipulation. It provides a picture of what is occurring in a setting and may help generate hypotheses. There are different types of descriptive designs including univarent, exploratory, and comparative. Univarent design describes a single variable, exploratory design explores an understudied phenomenon and related factors, and comparative design compares two or more groups on selected variables. Descriptive design involves identifying variables of interest and describing them without manipulation to interpret findings.
Case and clinical studies
This document discusses case studies and clinical studies as research methods. It provides information on what case studies and clinical studies are, how they are conducted in different fields like business and psychology, and the typical components of a case study or clinical study such as facts from interviews, tests administered, and recommendations. The key aspects covered are that case studies involve an in-depth analysis of a limited number of situations while clinical studies involve research with human participants to further medical knowledge.
Research design
The document discusses various aspects of research design. It defines research design and notes that it involves decisions about what, where, when, how much and by what means an inquiry will be conducted. It outlines requirements like identifying the type of research, being realistic and precise. Factors affecting research design are also discussed, like availability of data, time and resources. The main parts of research design are described as sampling design, observational design, statistical design and operational design. Different types of research designs are explained, including exploratory, descriptive, diagnostic and experimental designs. Key concepts in research design are also covered.
Observational research
1. Observational research involves directly observing phenomena in their natural setting without manipulation, as opposed to experimental research which controls variables in a quasi-artificial environment.
2. There are two main types of observation: naturalistic observation which has no researcher intervention, and participant observation where the researcher intervenes by joining the group.
3. Observational research provides insights into real behaviors but has limitations such as potential for researcher bias and issues interpreting motives from observable actions alone.
Research
To those who would like to have a copy of this slide, just email me at martzmonette@yahoo.com and please tell me why would you want this presentation. Thank you very much and GOD BLESS YOU
Identification of Research Problem
UNIT II - Identification of Problem & Review of Literature
Problems in research – identification of research problem,
Research objectives and Research Hypothesis,
Research question
Questionnaire and Interview Schedule.
Scientific social science research
This document discusses scientific social science research and the scientific method. It explains that social science research refers to the scientific study of human behavior and interaction. The scientific method relies on evidence, concepts, objectivity, and logical reasoning processes like induction and deduction. Induction involves studying individual cases to draw generalizations, while deduction applies general principles to specific cases. For research to be considered scientific, it must follow a systematic process including defining the problem, formulating hypotheses, collecting quantitative data, stating clear generalizations, and fully reporting the research process and methods of analysis.
Descriptive
The descriptive method is used to gather information about existing conditions and explore phenomena. It involves collecting data through methods like interviews, surveys, observation, and analysis of documents and records to describe situations and answer questions about current status. While it provides expansive data useful for understanding problems, limitations include lack of depth in large surveys and inability to determine causation. Researchers must take care to avoid misusing the method and ensure results are reliable and trustworthy.
Descriptive Research - Advanced Technical Writing
Descriptive research aims to provide rich details about people, places, or phenomena without determining causation. It describes characteristics and data but cannot explain why characteristics occurred. Descriptive research is commonly used in fields like anthropology, sociology, psychology, and education. To conduct descriptive research, researchers choose a design like simple, comparative, or correlational research and develop case studies to illustrate phenomena without affecting subjects. Surveys and documentation of specific cases enrich descriptive studies.
Introduction to research
This document provides an overview of research, including its meaning, purpose, and types. Research is defined as a systematic, methodical, and ethical process of inquiry and investigation aimed at increasing knowledge and solving problems. The main types of research discussed are descriptive vs. analytical, applied vs. fundamental, quantitative vs. qualitative, conceptual vs. empirical, and research approaches. Research methodology is also introduced as a science of studying how research is done systematically by considering logic and methods used. Key aspects of the research process like formulating problems, literature review, hypotheses development, research design, sampling, and data analysis are outlined.
Qualitative research
This document discusses and compares qualitative and quantitative research methods. Both approaches can generate and measure data, but differ in their underlying strategies. Qualitative research is exploratory and inductive, using methods like grounded theory, ethnography, phenomenology, and field research to understand phenomena from participants' perspectives. These methods prioritize observation and open-ended interviews over experimental controls. Qualitative research provides rich detail but weaker reliability, validity, and generalizability than quantitative methods. Researchers must consider their goals and the trade-offs of each approach.
Unit i
The document discusses business research methods and provides details on:
1) The objectives of research including gaining familiarity with phenomena and analyzing frequency.
2) The differences between research methods, which are techniques, and methodology, which is the scientific process.
3) The main types of research including descriptive vs analytical, applied vs fundamental, quantitative vs qualitative, and conceptual vs empirical.
4) The steps in the research process from formulating the problem to preparing a report.
Methods of research -Historical research
There are three major methods of research. the method which enquirers regarding past is called as historical method. In this presentation, historical method is described in brief.
Qualitative research designs
This document provides an overview of qualitative research. It defines qualitative research as research using text and pictures rather than numbers, taking a holistic approach to understand phenomena. The document outlines several major qualitative research designs including case studies, ethnography, phenomenology, grounded theory, and content analysis. It discusses when a qualitative approach is appropriate and provides details on how to conduct and analyze data for a case study design. The goal of qualitative research is to provide a rich story and tentative hypotheses about observed social phenomena.
Identifying the Inquiry and Stating the Problem
Here are the elements of the research title identified:
Aim: To determine/identify/explore
Topic: The specific variables, phenomena, or topics being studied
Place: The location where the research will be conducted
Period: The time frame of the study
Population: The people, samples, or sources of data for the study
Social research
Social research is a research conducted by social scientists following a systematic plan. Social research methodologies can be classified as quantitative and qualitative.
Types of researches
The document discusses various types of research methods including qualitative research, quantitative research, mixed research, basic research, applied research, correlation research, exploratory research, historical research, descriptive research, advocacy research, evaluation research, ethnographic research, phenomenological research, and experimental research. It provides definitions and examples of each type of research method.
Research Methodology Module 1.pdf
This document discusses research methodology and defines key terms and types of research. It begins by defining research as a careful investigation to gain new knowledge. The objectives of research are described as gaining new insights, accurately portraying characteristics, determining frequencies of occurrences, and testing hypotheses. Types of research discussed include descriptive vs analytical, applied vs fundamental, quantitative vs qualitative, and conceptual vs empirical. Descriptive research aims to describe current conditions while analytical evaluates facts. The document also differentiates between research methods, which are techniques used, and methodology, which is the systematic approach.
Research Methodology
This document discusses various aspects of research methodology including the meaning and objectives of research, types of research, variables in research, research process, and importance of methodology. It defines research as a systematic search for knowledge and notes that the main objectives are to discover new facts or verify existing facts. The document outlines different types of research including descriptive vs analytical, applied vs fundamental, quantitative vs qualitative, and conceptual vs empirical. It also explains key aspects of the research process such as selecting a research area, developing research questions/hypotheses, conducting a literature review, preparing a research design, deciding on sampling, and data collection methods. Finally, it discusses the significance of understanding research methodology.
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sources of research problem
Research is defined as a systematic inquiry into a problem using scientific methods. A research problem is a clear statement about an area needing investigation or improvement. Research problems come from various sources, including social issues, previous studies, and personal interests. When formulating a research problem, researchers specify objectives, review the context, explore the nature of the problem, define variable relationships, and consider alternative courses of action. Characteristics of a good research problem include being clear, specific, limited in scope, researchable, and free of ethical constraints.
Research methodology
This document provides an overview of research methodology. It defines research and discusses its key characteristics including being systematic, empirical, and objective. It also covers different types of research such as pure vs applied research, and quantitative vs qualitative approaches. Additionally, it outlines the typical steps in the research process from formulating the problem to analyzing data and reporting results. The document serves as a useful introduction to research methodology concepts.
Research Related Terms
1. The document defines key research-related terms like abstract, applied research, basic research, case study, causal comparative research, census survey, cluster sampling, content analysis, control, control group, and continuous variable.
2. It also explains research types like correlational research, descriptive statistics, document analysis, ethnographies, experimental research, historical research, observational research, qualitative research, and quantitative research.
3. Additionally, it covers critical concepts like hypothesis, independent and dependent variables, limitation, meta-analysis, population, problem statement, purposive sampling, reliability, research plan, sampling, and validity.
DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH DESIGN
This document describes descriptive research design. Descriptive research aims to observe and document aspects of a situation as it naturally occurs without manipulation. It provides a picture of what is occurring in a setting and may help generate hypotheses. There are different types of descriptive designs including univarent, exploratory, and comparative. Univarent design describes a single variable, exploratory design explores an understudied phenomenon and related factors, and comparative design compares two or more groups on selected variables. Descriptive design involves identifying variables of interest and describing them without manipulation to interpret findings.
Case and clinical studies
This document discusses case studies and clinical studies as research methods. It provides information on what case studies and clinical studies are, how they are conducted in different fields like business and psychology, and the typical components of a case study or clinical study such as facts from interviews, tests administered, and recommendations. The key aspects covered are that case studies involve an in-depth analysis of a limited number of situations while clinical studies involve research with human participants to further medical knowledge.
Research design
The document discusses various aspects of research design. It defines research design and notes that it involves decisions about what, where, when, how much and by what means an inquiry will be conducted. It outlines requirements like identifying the type of research, being realistic and precise. Factors affecting research design are also discussed, like availability of data, time and resources. The main parts of research design are described as sampling design, observational design, statistical design and operational design. Different types of research designs are explained, including exploratory, descriptive, diagnostic and experimental designs. Key concepts in research design are also covered.
Observational research
1. Observational research involves directly observing phenomena in their natural setting without manipulation, as opposed to experimental research which controls variables in a quasi-artificial environment.
2. There are two main types of observation: naturalistic observation which has no researcher intervention, and participant observation where the researcher intervenes by joining the group.
3. Observational research provides insights into real behaviors but has limitations such as potential for researcher bias and issues interpreting motives from observable actions alone.
Research
To those who would like to have a copy of this slide, just email me at martzmonette@yahoo.com and please tell me why would you want this presentation. Thank you very much and GOD BLESS YOU
Identification of Research Problem
UNIT II - Identification of Problem & Review of Literature
Problems in research – identification of research problem,
Research objectives and Research Hypothesis,
Research question
Questionnaire and Interview Schedule.
Scientific social science research
This document discusses scientific social science research and the scientific method. It explains that social science research refers to the scientific study of human behavior and interaction. The scientific method relies on evidence, concepts, objectivity, and logical reasoning processes like induction and deduction. Induction involves studying individual cases to draw generalizations, while deduction applies general principles to specific cases. For research to be considered scientific, it must follow a systematic process including defining the problem, formulating hypotheses, collecting quantitative data, stating clear generalizations, and fully reporting the research process and methods of analysis.
Descriptive
The descriptive method is used to gather information about existing conditions and explore phenomena. It involves collecting data through methods like interviews, surveys, observation, and analysis of documents and records to describe situations and answer questions about current status. While it provides expansive data useful for understanding problems, limitations include lack of depth in large surveys and inability to determine causation. Researchers must take care to avoid misusing the method and ensure results are reliable and trustworthy.
Descriptive Research - Advanced Technical Writing
Descriptive research aims to provide rich details about people, places, or phenomena without determining causation. It describes characteristics and data but cannot explain why characteristics occurred. Descriptive research is commonly used in fields like anthropology, sociology, psychology, and education. To conduct descriptive research, researchers choose a design like simple, comparative, or correlational research and develop case studies to illustrate phenomena without affecting subjects. Surveys and documentation of specific cases enrich descriptive studies.
Introduction to research
This document provides an overview of research, including its meaning, purpose, and types. Research is defined as a systematic, methodical, and ethical process of inquiry and investigation aimed at increasing knowledge and solving problems. The main types of research discussed are descriptive vs. analytical, applied vs. fundamental, quantitative vs. qualitative, conceptual vs. empirical, and research approaches. Research methodology is also introduced as a science of studying how research is done systematically by considering logic and methods used. Key aspects of the research process like formulating problems, literature review, hypotheses development, research design, sampling, and data analysis are outlined.
Qualitative research
This document discusses and compares qualitative and quantitative research methods. Both approaches can generate and measure data, but differ in their underlying strategies. Qualitative research is exploratory and inductive, using methods like grounded theory, ethnography, phenomenology, and field research to understand phenomena from participants' perspectives. These methods prioritize observation and open-ended interviews over experimental controls. Qualitative research provides rich detail but weaker reliability, validity, and generalizability than quantitative methods. Researchers must consider their goals and the trade-offs of each approach.
Unit i
The document discusses business research methods and provides details on:
1) The objectives of research including gaining familiarity with phenomena and analyzing frequency.
2) The differences between research methods, which are techniques, and methodology, which is the scientific process.
3) The main types of research including descriptive vs analytical, applied vs fundamental, quantitative vs qualitative, and conceptual vs empirical.
4) The steps in the research process from formulating the problem to preparing a report.
Methods of research -Historical research
There are three major methods of research. the method which enquirers regarding past is called as historical method. In this presentation, historical method is described in brief.
Qualitative research designs
This document provides an overview of qualitative research. It defines qualitative research as research using text and pictures rather than numbers, taking a holistic approach to understand phenomena. The document outlines several major qualitative research designs including case studies, ethnography, phenomenology, grounded theory, and content analysis. It discusses when a qualitative approach is appropriate and provides details on how to conduct and analyze data for a case study design. The goal of qualitative research is to provide a rich story and tentative hypotheses about observed social phenomena.
Identifying the Inquiry and Stating the Problem
Here are the elements of the research title identified:
Aim: To determine/identify/explore
Topic: The specific variables, phenomena, or topics being studied
Place: The location where the research will be conducted
Period: The time frame of the study
Population: The people, samples, or sources of data for the study
Social research
Social research is a research conducted by social scientists following a systematic plan. Social research methodologies can be classified as quantitative and qualitative.
Types of researches
The document discusses various types of research methods including qualitative research, quantitative research, mixed research, basic research, applied research, correlation research, exploratory research, historical research, descriptive research, advocacy research, evaluation research, ethnographic research, phenomenological research, and experimental research. It provides definitions and examples of each type of research method.
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This document discusses research methodology and defines key terms and types of research. It begins by defining research as a careful investigation to gain new knowledge. The objectives of research are described as gaining new insights, accurately portraying characteristics, determining frequencies of occurrences, and testing hypotheses. Types of research discussed include descriptive vs analytical, applied vs fundamental, quantitative vs qualitative, and conceptual vs empirical. Descriptive research aims to describe current conditions while analytical evaluates facts. The document also differentiates between research methods, which are techniques used, and methodology, which is the systematic approach.
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This document discusses various aspects of research methodology including the meaning and objectives of research, types of research, variables in research, research process, and importance of methodology. It defines research as a systematic search for knowledge and notes that the main objectives are to discover new facts or verify existing facts. The document outlines different types of research including descriptive vs analytical, applied vs fundamental, quantitative vs qualitative, and conceptual vs empirical. It also explains key aspects of the research process such as selecting a research area, developing research questions/hypotheses, conducting a literature review, preparing a research design, deciding on sampling, and data collection methods. Finally, it discusses the significance of understanding research methodology.
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This document provides a summary of different types of research methods:
- Basic or fundamental research seeks to increase scientific knowledge without a specific application. Applied research aims to solve practical problems or develop new technologies.
- Quantitative research uses numerical data and statistics while qualitative research analyzes words, images, and descriptions.
- Experimental research tests hypotheses through controlled experiments while quasi-experimental, longitudinal, cross-sectional, and descriptive studies observe relationships.
- Other methods covered include action research, historical research, ethnography, explanatory research, and case studies.
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mk bhavnagar university, net set remedial classes are being held. part of that, this ppt is about, net exam general paper 1, unit 2 research aptitude part 1.
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This document provides an overview of research methodology. It defines research and lists its key characteristics, including being systematic, objective, and focused on solving problems. The document outlines different types of research such as descriptive vs analytical, applied vs fundamental, and quantitative vs qualitative. It also discusses research objectives, criteria for good research, and common motivations for conducting research such as the desire to solve problems or gain new knowledge. Different stages of the research process are briefly introduced as well.
3.2 introduction to research
Research in general refers to….
A search for knowledge.
A scientific and systematic search for relevant information on a specific topic.
Research is an art of scientific investigation.
Research is a careful investigation or inquiry especially through search for new facts in any branch of knowledge.
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This document provides an overview of research methodology and key concepts in research. It discusses that research aims to discover unknown knowledge through systematic investigation. The main objectives of research are exploration, description, diagnosis, and hypothesis testing. Business research examines all areas of a business to maximize profits. Research can be qualitative or quantitative. Key types include descriptive, analytical, applied, fundamental, causal, and exploratory. Research questions define the problem to be examined, while objectives and hypotheses make testable claims. Theories guide research by informing questions and interpretations.
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Good for BA degree students. It contains a variety of topics starting from philosophical aspects of research to reporting techniques.
Research
This document discusses various aspects of research, including:
1. It defines research and outlines some key objectives such as gaining familiarity with a phenomenon, accurately depicting characteristics, and testing hypotheses.
2. It describes different types of research such as descriptive vs. analytical, quantitative vs. qualitative, and conceptual vs. empirical.
3. It discusses important considerations for research such as sampling design, observational design, and statistical design that make up the overall research design.
business research methods 1 introduction
Research is a systematic investigation to discover new facts or verify existing facts. It involves searching for knowledge in a planned, organized manner. The main purposes of research are discovery of new information and verification of existing information. Research follows defined methodological steps and aims to provide generalizable conclusions through objective, systematic inquiry. There are different types of research based on purpose, approach, and nature of variables studied. The overall research process typically involves defining the problem, reviewing literature, developing hypotheses, designing the study, collecting and analyzing data, testing hypotheses, and reporting findings.
FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH PRESENTATION.pptx
This document provides an overview of different types of research methods including descriptive research, experimental research, exploratory research, correlations research, qualitative research, and quantitative research. It defines each type of research and provides examples. The key types discussed are descriptive research, which aims to portray characteristics of individuals or situations; experimental research, which examines causes and effects through manipulation of variables; and qualitative vs. quantitative research, where qualitative focuses on concepts and experiences through interviews and qualitative focuses on testing theories through statistical analysis.
Types Of Research.pptx
The document outlines 10 main types of research:
1. Fundamental/basic research seeks to understand basic principles and phenomena through generalization and explanation.
2. Applied research solves specific problems using established theories and aims to identify variables that can create desired changes.
3. Quantitative research uses numerical and statistical analysis to investigate relationships between variables, presenting results in tables and graphs.
4. Qualitative research uses descriptive analysis and reasons to understand meanings, feelings, and describe situations.
5. Mixed research combines quantitative and qualitative methods to study issues. Longitudinal research collects data over multiple time periods to study trends and causal relationships. Cross-sectional research collects a single snapshot of data to describe and explore relationships
Practical Research- Chapter 1.pptx
This document discusses the nature of inquiry and research. It defines inquiry as seeking truth or knowledge through questioning. Research is defined as a systematic process of investigation to establish facts and reach new conclusions. The key characteristics of research are that it is empirical, logical, cyclical, analytical, critical, methodical, and replicable. The research process involves selecting a problem, reviewing literature, developing a research question or hypothesis, collecting and analyzing data, interpreting findings, and stating conclusions. Both qualitative and quantitative research methods are explored. Examples of different types of research in various fields are also provided, along with a discussion of ethics in research.
Educational research by dr. sudhir sahu
Research is usually associated with scholarly work done to earn advanced degrees. It also refers to the findings of scientists conducting experiments in laboratories. However, these common notions provide an incomplete portrayal of research that can constrain its scope.
Research is derived from the French word 'recherche' meaning to travel through or survey. It implies building upon past efforts to learn more about a topic rather than reinventing the wheel. Research aims to advance knowledge beyond what is currently known about a subject. It can be defined as a careful, systematic study undertaken to discover facts or establish principles.
Research methods have evolved from relying on authorities to more scientific approaches using inductive and deductive logic. The scientific method incorporates both to systematically solve meaningful
Research, Types and objectives of research
This presentation is regarding the basics of research method, about the voyage of research, steps included in research, types of research including descriptive, analytical, applied, fundamental, quantitative, qualitative conceptual, empirical historical conclusion oriented etc
introductiontoresearchmethodology.pptx
This document provides an introduction and overview of key concepts in research methodology. It discusses:
- The meaning of research as a systematic, objective search for knowledge.
- The main objectives of research as exploration, description, diagnosis, and hypothesis testing.
- Characteristics of good research such as being purposeful, employing careful procedures, and presenting findings clearly.
- Common types of research including descriptive, analytical, applied, fundamental, quantitative, qualitative, conceptual, and empirical.
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2) Anal stage focuses on anus from 1.5-3 years
3) Phallic stage focuses on genitals from 3-6 years bringing Oedipus/Electra complexes
4) Latency stage from 6 years to puberty where sexual energy is redirected
5) Genital stage from puberty through life where adult sexuality forms
Fixation in a stage can result from over- or under-gratification leading to problematic behaviors.
Quantitative research
Quantitative research focuses on collecting numerical or measurable data to explain phenomena or generalize results across groups of people. The main purposes of quantitative research are to quantify variables, examine relationships between variables, and determine cause-and-effect interactions. Quantitative research uses tools like questionnaires, surveys, and other structured instruments to collect large amounts of numerical data from representative samples. Common types of quantitative research include experimental, descriptive, correlational, comparative, and ex-post facto designs. The methodology of quantitative research follows the scientific method to form hypotheses and use statistical analysis to prove or disprove hypotheses.
Variabels
This document defines and describes different types of variables that are commonly used in quantitative research. It discusses categorical and quantitative variables, as well as independent, dependent, mediating, moderating, intervening, and extraneous variables. Categorical variables divide phenomena into categories, while quantitative variables vary in degree. Independent variables are manipulated by researchers, dependent variables are measured outcomes, and mediating/moderating variables explain relationships between independent and dependent variables.
How to choose sample
This document discusses sampling methods for research. It defines key sampling terms and explains the difference between probability and non-probability sampling. Probability sampling methods like simple random sampling, systematic sampling, stratified sampling and cluster sampling aim to give all population units an equal chance of being selected. Non-probability methods like convenience sampling, purposive sampling, quota sampling and snowball sampling do not use random selection. The document also covers why sampling is used, characteristics of a good sample, and types of errors that can occur in sampling.
Easy way to collect data for research
This document discusses methods for collecting data for research. It defines primary data as data originally collected for the research that has not been statistically treated, and secondary data as data that has already been collected and statistically treated. The main methods for collecting primary data are observation, interviews, questionnaires, and computer interviews. Secondary data can be collected from internal organization sources or external sources like books, articles, websites and government publications. The advantages of primary data are it is applicable, accurate and up-to-date, while it is time consuming and expensive. Secondary data is easier and less expensive to obtain but may be outdated or unreliable.
Qualitative research
Inshallah after watching these complete slides you will get sufficient knowledge about Qualitative Research
Qualitative vs quantitative
Inshallah after watching these complete slides you will get sufficient knowledge about Qualitative Research, its purpose, types and much more
Qualities of good researcher
The document outlines 18 qualities of a good researcher: 1) being friendly with respondents; 2) not getting discouraged easily; 3) being free from prejudice; 4) having the capacity for in-depth information; 5) being truthful; 6) being a keen observer; 7) carefully listening; 8) not consuming much time; 9) being economical; 10) not caring about societal disapproval; 11) being an expert in the subject; 12) not making hasty statements; 13) being good at conversation; 14) having clear terminology; 15) being trained in research tools; 16) dressing and behaving like the local area; 17) being analytical; and 18) believing in equality and justice.
Thesis 11
This document provides guidance on writing a thesis. It defines a thesis as a documented report of original research conducted by students to fulfill requirements for a post-graduate degree. It explains that a thesis has three main parts: preliminary pages, text, and references. The preliminary pages include things like a title page and table of contents. The text includes chapters on the introduction, literature review, methodology, and results. The document also outlines the typical chapters in a thesis, including what each chapter covers, such as the introduction outlining the study's rationale and objectives.
Memory 10
This document provides information on memory and how to improve it. It discusses the stages of memory including encoding, storage and retrieval. It describes the different types of memory like sensory memory, short term memory, and long term memory which includes explicit and implicit memory. It then gives tips on how to improve memory such as avoiding cramming, focusing attention, using mnemonic devices, elaborating on information, and getting enough sleep. Finally, it lists some common psychological tests used to assess memory capabilities.
Synopsis 9
This power point presentation provide you information about how to write synopsis? components of synopsis etc
Cranial nerves 8
Cranial nerves are part of the peripheral nervous system and there are 12 pairs attached to the ventral surface of the brain. They are classified based on their functions as sensory, motor, or mixed nerves. A common mnemonic used to memorize the cranial nerves is "Some Say Marry Money But My Brother Say Big Brain Matter Most". This mnemonic correlates to the names and numbers of the cranial nerves in order.
Quickest & easiest way to choose your research topic 7
This mini presentation slides will be enable to comprehend the importance of topic selection in research, steps of topic section & its limitations.
Frequency distribution 6
Frequency distribution is used to organize and summarize data by grouping it into classes. It consists of class intervals, frequencies, and other components. An example frequency distribution table is given showing student ratings of teaching quality organized into classes with their frequencies. Frequency distributions can be represented graphically through histograms and pie charts to visualize the data distribution.
Ability testing 5
Ability tests are standardized methods used to assess individuals' performance on work-related tasks. The document discusses various types of ability tests including psychomotor tests, multiple ability tests, and cognitive ability tests. It provides details on specific tests like the Stanford-Binet, Wechsler scales, Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test, and Differential Ability Scales. These tests measure abilities such as intelligence, reasoning, memory, processing speed, and visual skills. Ability tests are used to assess individuals' potential and strengths/weaknesses for educational or employment purposes.
Depressive Disorder 4
This document discusses substance/medication-induced depressive disorder. It begins by outlining the diagnostic criteria for this disorder which includes developing depressive symptoms during or after substance use or medication exposure. These symptoms must not be better explained by another depressive disorder and must cause clinically significant impairment. It notes that compared to those with major depressive disorder alone, those with substance/medication-induced depressive disorder have higher rates of other mental disorders and specific personality disorders.
Emotional & behavioral disorder 3
This document discusses emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD) in children. It defines EBD and provides classifications of internalizing versus externalizing behaviors. Common types of EBD are described such as anxiety disorders, depression, ADHD, conduct disorder, and eating disorders. Causes, characteristics, diagnosis, assessment, prevalence and management strategies are outlined. Behavioral and academic issues associated with EBD are also summarized.
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Introduction to research
- 3. Nadeem Shoukat MS Clinical Psychology
- 5. Outline 1. Introduction to Research 2. Purpose of Research 3. Types of Research 4. Significance of research 5. Steps of Research 6. Qualities of good researcher
- 6. Research Etymology • The word research is derived from the Middle French "recherche", which means "to go about seeking. • Research is the compound word Re+Search, Re=Again and Again while Search = to find something. • The earliest recorded use of the term was in 1577. Definition Research is the process of solving problems and finding facts in an organized way.
- 7. Purposes of Research 1. Exploratory: e.g., discovering, uncovering, exploring 2. Descriptive: e.g., gathering info, describing, summarizing 3. Explanatory: e.g., testing and understanding causal relations 4. Predictive: e.g., predicting what might happen in various scenarios
- 8. Types of Research Research Other Type Cross Sectional R Longitudinal R Empirical R Clinical R Outcome Applied/Action R Fundamental/ Basic/Pure R Process Qualitative R Quantitative R Purpose Descriptive R Analytical R Exploratory R Predictive R Historical R
- 9. Types of Research According to Purpose • Descriptive Research is used to describe characteristics of a population or phenomenon being studied. It does not answer questions about how/when/why the characteristics occurred. • Analytical Research is primarily concerned. with testing hypothesis and specifying and. interpreting relationships, by analyzing the facts or information already available • Exploratory Research is "the preliminary research to clarify the exact nature of the problem to be solved." • Predictive Research empirical research concerned with forecasting future events or behavior: the assessment of variables at one point in time so as to predict a phenomenon assessed at a later point in time
- 10. Types of Research According to Process • Quantitative Research is “explaining phenomena by collecting numerical data that are analyzed using mathematically based methods (in particular statistics).” • Qualitative Research seeks to answer questions about why and how people behave in the way that they do. It provides in-depth information about human behavior.
- 11. Types of Research According to Outcome • Applied / Action Research is defined as a research which is used to answer a specific question, solve a specific problem or to gain better understanding. Applied research is used to find solutions to everyday problems, cure illness, and develop innovative technologies. • Fundamental or Basic or Pure Research involves developing and testing theories and hypotheses that are intellectually challenging to the researcher but may or may not have practical application at the present time or in the future.
- 12. Some other types of researches • Cross-sectional Research aka transverse/prevalence study) is a type of observational study that analyzes data from a population, at a specific point in time. • Longitudinal Research In this research one group have to studied for long time and it studies different stages in an individual’s life and all. • Field Setting Research/ Laboratory Research/ Simulation Research is depending upon the environment take into consider for research. • Clinical Research This type of research follows case-study method and have in-depth approach in order to study causal relationships. • Historical Research In this research researcher utilizes historical sources like documents, events and all in order to understand past, point of time and all. • Empirical Research It is completely based on experiences or observations
- 13. Significance of Research 1. To gather necessary information 2. To make changes 3. Improve standards of living 4. To know the truth 5. Explore our history 6. Enhance knowledge
- 14. Steps of Research Process 1. Define Research Problem 2. Review of literature 3. Formulate Hypothesis 4. Preparing Research Design 5. Data Collection 6. Data Analysis 7. Interpretation & Report Writing
- 15. Qualities of Good Researcher Friendly with Respondents Free From Prejudice. Capacity of Depth Information Truthful Keen Observer Careful in Listening Least time Consumer Expert in Subject
- 16. Message to all viewers “Be Positive Always, Please Nadeem Shoukat Clinical Psychologist
- 17. THANKS FOR WATCHING My VIDEO Subscribe Comment, Like & Share Press Bell Icon