Net coaching & remedial . paper 1 researchBhumi Dangi
mk bhavnagar university, net set remedial classes are being held. part of that, this ppt is about, net exam general paper 1, unit 2 research aptitude part 1.
Research in general refers to….
A search for knowledge.
A scientific and systematic search for relevant information on a specific topic.
Research is an art of scientific investigation.
Research is a careful investigation or inquiry especially through search for new facts in any branch of knowledge.
What is Research
The search for knowledge is closely linked to the object of study; that is, to the reconstruction of the facts that will provide an explanation to an observed event and that at first sight can be considered as a problem. It is very human to seek answers and satisfy our curiosity. Let’s talk about research.
Research is the careful consideration of study regarding a particular concern or problem using scientific methods. According to the American sociologist Earl Robert Babbie, “research is a systematic inquiry to describe, explain, predict, and control the observed phenomenon. It involves inductive and deductive methods.”
Inductive methods analyze an observed event, while deductive methods verify the observed event. Inductive approaches are associated with qualitative research, and deductive methods are more commonly associated with quantitative analysis.
Research is conducted with a purpose to:
Identify potential and new customers
Understand existing customers
Set pragmatic goals
Develop productive market strategies
Address business challenges
Put together a business expansion plan
Identify new business opportunities
What are the characteristics of research?
Good research follows a systematic approach to capture accurate data. Researchers need to practice ethics and a code of conduct while making observations or drawing conclusions.
The analysis is based on logical reasoning and involves both inductive and deductive methods.
Real-time data and knowledge is derived from actual observations in natural settings.
There is an in-depth analysis of all data collected so that there are no anomalies associated with it.
It creates a path for generating new questions. Existing data helps create more research opportunities.
It is analytical and uses all the available data so that there is no ambiguity in inference.
Accuracy is one of the most critical aspects of research. The information must be accurate and correct. For example, laboratories provide a controlled environment to collect data. Accuracy is measured in the instruments used, the calibrations of instruments or tools, and the experiment’s final result.
What is the purpose of research?
There are three main purposes:
Exploratory: As the name suggests, researchers conduct exploratory studies to explore a group of questions. The answers and analytics may not offer a conclusion to the perceived problem. It is undertaken to handle new problem areas that haven’t been explored before. This exploratory process lays the foundation
Theoretical Research
Theoretical research, also referred to as pure or basic research, focuses on generating knowledge, regardless of its practical application. Here, data collection is used to generate new general concepts for a better understanding of a particular field or to answer a theoretical research question.
Results of this kind are usually oriented towards the formulation of theories and are usually based on documentary analysis, the developme
Net coaching & remedial . paper 1 researchBhumi Dangi
mk bhavnagar university, net set remedial classes are being held. part of that, this ppt is about, net exam general paper 1, unit 2 research aptitude part 1.
Research in general refers to….
A search for knowledge.
A scientific and systematic search for relevant information on a specific topic.
Research is an art of scientific investigation.
Research is a careful investigation or inquiry especially through search for new facts in any branch of knowledge.
What is Research
The search for knowledge is closely linked to the object of study; that is, to the reconstruction of the facts that will provide an explanation to an observed event and that at first sight can be considered as a problem. It is very human to seek answers and satisfy our curiosity. Let’s talk about research.
Research is the careful consideration of study regarding a particular concern or problem using scientific methods. According to the American sociologist Earl Robert Babbie, “research is a systematic inquiry to describe, explain, predict, and control the observed phenomenon. It involves inductive and deductive methods.”
Inductive methods analyze an observed event, while deductive methods verify the observed event. Inductive approaches are associated with qualitative research, and deductive methods are more commonly associated with quantitative analysis.
Research is conducted with a purpose to:
Identify potential and new customers
Understand existing customers
Set pragmatic goals
Develop productive market strategies
Address business challenges
Put together a business expansion plan
Identify new business opportunities
What are the characteristics of research?
Good research follows a systematic approach to capture accurate data. Researchers need to practice ethics and a code of conduct while making observations or drawing conclusions.
The analysis is based on logical reasoning and involves both inductive and deductive methods.
Real-time data and knowledge is derived from actual observations in natural settings.
There is an in-depth analysis of all data collected so that there are no anomalies associated with it.
It creates a path for generating new questions. Existing data helps create more research opportunities.
It is analytical and uses all the available data so that there is no ambiguity in inference.
Accuracy is one of the most critical aspects of research. The information must be accurate and correct. For example, laboratories provide a controlled environment to collect data. Accuracy is measured in the instruments used, the calibrations of instruments or tools, and the experiment’s final result.
What is the purpose of research?
There are three main purposes:
Exploratory: As the name suggests, researchers conduct exploratory studies to explore a group of questions. The answers and analytics may not offer a conclusion to the perceived problem. It is undertaken to handle new problem areas that haven’t been explored before. This exploratory process lays the foundation
Theoretical Research
Theoretical research, also referred to as pure or basic research, focuses on generating knowledge, regardless of its practical application. Here, data collection is used to generate new general concepts for a better understanding of a particular field or to answer a theoretical research question.
Results of this kind are usually oriented towards the formulation of theories and are usually based on documentary analysis, the developme
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
Salas, V. (2024) "John of St. Thomas (Poinsot) on the Science of Sacred Theol...Studia Poinsotiana
I Introduction
II Subalternation and Theology
III Theology and Dogmatic Declarations
IV The Mixed Principles of Theology
V Virtual Revelation: The Unity of Theology
VI Theology as a Natural Science
VII Theology’s Certitude
VIII Conclusion
Notes
Bibliography
All the contents are fully attributable to the author, Doctor Victor Salas. Should you wish to get this text republished, get in touch with the author or the editorial committee of the Studia Poinsotiana. Insofar as possible, we will be happy to broker your contact.
Toxic effects of heavy metals : Lead and Arsenicsanjana502982
Heavy metals are naturally occuring metallic chemical elements that have relatively high density, and are toxic at even low concentrations. All toxic metals are termed as heavy metals irrespective of their atomic mass and density, eg. arsenic, lead, mercury, cadmium, thallium, chromium, etc.
1. A PRESENTATION ON
TYPES OF RESEARCH
BY
MEGHNA SHARMA
(PH.D SCHOLAR)
L.N.I.P.E
TO
LT. DR. BRIJ KISHORE PRASAD
(ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR)
L.N.I.P.E
2. OBJECTIVE ATTRIBUTES PROCESS AND METHOD APPROACH FINDINGS
Basic/ Fundamental/
Pure Research
Qualitative Research Experimental Research
Longitudinal
Research
Explanatory Research
Applied Research Quantitative Research
Quasi Experimental
Research
Cross Sectional
Research
Descriptive Research
Action Research Ex-post Facto Research
Historical Research
Ethnography Research
3. BASIC RESEARCH
• Basic research is a type of research used in the scientific field to understand
our knowledge about a specific phenomenon.
• It is also accepted as pure research or fundamental research.
• Purely theoretical in nature.
• The research is much concerned with the generalization of theory i.e it has
Universal Validity.
• It is carried out by experts of particular field ( like scientists ).
• It can also be called as the foundational research as many things get built
on this foundation.
EXAMPLE: -Functioning of neurons by neuroscientists…
-Mental activity after death- studies showed that people
experience consciousness for up to three minutes after being
declared dead.
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T
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V
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4. APPLIED RESEARCH
• It is often called a “scientific process” because it uses the available scientific
tools and puts them to use to find answers.
• Applied research is a type of research design that seeks to solve a specific
problem or provide innovative solutions to issues affecting an individual,
group or society.
• Researcher role is to examine analytically and a course of action
recommended.
• EXAMPLE:
1. Studying the factors that would enhance participation for college students
in the co-curricular activities.
2. Applying modern techniques of tooth treatment.
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5. ACTION RESEARCH
• Action research is a strategy that tries to find out realistic solution to
difficulties and issues.
• It is basically learning by doing.
• First a problem is identified, then some actions are taken to address it,
then how well the efforts work are measured.
• It can be put under three different groups.
• There are generally four stages of action research:-
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Stage 1: Plan Stage 2: Act Stage 3: Observe Stage 4: Reflect
For an action to go
well, proper planning
needs to be there.
The implementation of
the plan is the next step
Graphs, charts etc.
should be used to
represent the data. It
assists in making
judgment to the next
stage of observation.
This step involves
applying a prospective
solution and observing
the results.
6. QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
• It is a systematic investigation of phenomena by gathering
quantifiable data and performing statistical, mathematical, or
computational technique.
• The result of this can be depicted in form of numerical. After
careful understanding of these numbers to predict the future and
make changes accordingly.
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B
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S
7. CHARACTERSTICS OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH-
Structured tools
Sample size
Close-ended questions
Prior studies
Quantitative data
Generalization of result
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8. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
• Qualitative research is collecting , analyzing , and interpretating data
by observing what people do and say.
• It is subjective and uses very different methods.
• The nature of this type of study is exploratory and open-ended.
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9. CHARACTERSTICS OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH-
Open-ended questions
Conduct inquiry in subjective, biased manner.
Description and analyses of words for themes.
Collecting data consisting largely of words (text) or image
(pictures).
A
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10. P
R
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C
E
S
S
&
M
E
T
H
O
D
EXPERIMENTAL REEARCH
• Research is conducted with a scientific approach using two sets of variables i.e.
one act as constant, which you use to measure the differences of the second set.
• Experimental research gathers the data necessary to help you make better
decisions.
• The research should establish a notable cause and effect.
You can conduct experimental research in the following situation-
i. Time is a vital factor in establishing a relationship between cause and effect.
ii. Invariable behavior between cause and effect
iii. You wish to understand the importance of the cause and effect.
11. Quasi ExperimentalResearch
• Quasi-experimental research is used to observe & analyse systematically the
effects of a particular treatment on a particular population (through the use of a
representative sample).
• The basic aim of conducting a quasi-experimental, is to determine whether or
not a given treatment caused a given effect.
• 4 main points to understand:
Used to test causal hypothesis.
It lacks a random assignment.
It identifies a comparison group that it as similar as possible to the treatment
group in terms of baseline characteristics.
It uses different techniques for creating a valid comparison group such as
regression discontinuity design.
P
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S
&
M
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12. HISTORICAL RESEARCH
• It is a process of inquiry into past events.
• This process involves investigating, recording, analyzing and interpretating
the event of the past for the purpose to gain clear perspective of the present.
• A qualitative research.
• Steps of Historical Research are-
1. Selection of the problem
2. Formulation of hypothesis
3. Collection of data.
4. Data criticism
5. Interpretation of data
6. Writing of research report.
P
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S
&
M
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H
O
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13. ETHNOGRAPHIC RESARCH
• The method is also known as “methodology if people”.
• The type of study basically intends to study culture through close
observation and active participation.
• The ethnographer/researcher collects information regarding the socio
cultural phenomenon from a lot of people belonging to the community
under study.
• The data is collected using a CHAIN SAMPLING in all areas of
investigation.
• The researcher stays within the community for months in order to gain
more information through claiming process and collect data in form of
observational transcripts and interview recordings.
P
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&
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14. LONGITUDINAL RESEARCH
• Also known as panel study, longitudinal survey.
• Involves repeated observation of the same variables over long
period of time, often many decades.
• The researcher may study one specific aspects of development
(for eg. Intelligence) or many.
• The study are usually studied in the form of cohort. It means
they roughly belong to the same age and have grown up in
similar circumstances.
• Types of longitudinal research:
A. RETROSPECTIVE (back in time, thus using existing data)
B. PROSPECTIVE (requiring the collection of new data.)
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15. Cross sectional study
• This study looks at a data at a single point of time.
• They are Observational in nature and are known as Descriptive research.
• Research record the information that is present in a population, but they
do not manipulate variables.
• This method is often used to make inferences about possible relationship
or to gather preliminary data to support further research and
experimentation
• Example: Psychologist can use cross-sectional studies to analyse mental
heath within a community by sending out a survey that asks the
participants whether they have a history of mental illness and whether
they’ve sought counselling services to help with their mental health.
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16. EXPLANATORY RESEARCH
• Explanatory research is conducted in order to help us find the
problem that was not studied before in-depth.
• This research is not used to give us some conclusive evidence but
helps us in understanding the problem more efficiently.
• It does not aim to provide final and conclusion answers to the
research questions but allows the researcher to explore the research
with a varying level of depths.
• “it has been noticed that the explanatory research is the examination
which shapes the base for different inquiries about, it is the building
obstruct for alternative looks.”
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17. DESCRIPTIVE STUDY
• Descriptive research refers to the method that describes the
characteristics of the variables under study.
• This methodology focuses on answering questions relating to the “what”
than the “why” of the research subjects.
• The primary focus of this research is to simply describe the nature of the
demographics understudy instead of focusing on the “why”.
• It is called observational research method as none of the variable in the
study are influenced during the research process.
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