This document defines and provides examples of different types of research: - Basic research is driven by curiosity to expand knowledge without a specific commercial application. Applied research seeks practical solutions to problems. - Experimental and correlational research test hypotheses by establishing variable relationships, with experimental research also determining causation. - Exploratory research helps define unclear problems by informally reviewing literature or discussing with consumers. - Historical research examines past events and solutions to provide perspective on current issues. - Qualitative research investigates human behavior and decision-making through methods like beliefs and symbols rather than quantitative data. - Quantitative research develops mathematical models and theories about phenomena through statistical analysis.

2. • A systematic, rigorous investigation
of a situation or problem in order to
generate new knowledge or validate
existing knowledge.
• Research is the investigation of a
particular topic using a variety of
reliable, scholarly resources.

3. • The three major goals of research are
establishing facts, analyzing
information, and reaching new
conclusions.
• The three main acts of doing research
are searching for, reviewing, and
evaluating information.

4. • Scientific study and research that seeks to
solve practical problems. Applied research
is used to cure problems, cure illness, and
develop innovative technologies, rather
than to acquire knowledge for
knowledge’s sake.
• For example:
>Improve agricultural crop production
>Treat or cure specific disease

5. • Research driven by a scientist’s curiosity or
interest in a specific question. The main
motivation is to expand man’s knowledge,
not to create or invent something.
• There is no obvious commercial value to the
discoveries.
• For example:
>How did the universe begin?
>What is the specific genetic code of fruit
fly?

6. • Systematic investigation or statically study of
relationships among two or more variables,
without necessarily determining cause and effect.
• For example:
>To test the hypothesis ‘listening to music
lowers blood pressure levels’
>Experimental – group samples and make one
group listen to music and the compare the
blood pressure levels
>Survey – ask people how they feel? How often
they listen? After that it is compared.

7. • An objective, systematic,
controlled investigation for the
purpose of predicting and
controlling phenomena and
examining probability and
causability among selected
variables.

8. • A research conducted for a problem that has
not been clearly defined. It helps determine
the best research design, data collection
method and selection of subjects.
• It can also be quite informal by relying on
secondary research such as reviewing
available literature or quality approaches
such as informal discussion with consumers.

9. • A research involving analysis of events that
occurred in the remote or recent past.
• Historical research can show patterns that
occurred in the past and over time which can
help us to see where we came from and what
kinds of solutions we have used in the past.
• Understanding this can add perspective on
how we examine current events and
educational practises.

10. BASIC
HISTORICAL
APPLIED
EXPERIMENTAL
CORRELATONAL
EXPLORATORY

11. • Research dealing with phenomena that are
difficult or impossible to quantify
mathematically.
• For example, beliefs, meaning, attributes,
and symbols.
• The aim is t gather an in-depth
understanding of human behaviour and the
reasons that govern such behaviour.
• The qualitative method investigates the why
and how of decision making, not just what,
where, when.

12. • Refers to the systematic empirical
investigation of any phenomena via
stastical, mathematical or computational
techniques.
• The objective of quantitative research is to
develop and employ mathematical
models, theories and/or hypothesis
pertaining to phenomena.