Memory is the term given to the structures and processes involved in the storage and subsequent retrieval of information.
Memory is essential to all our lives. Without a memory of the past we cannot operate in the present or think about the future. We would not be able to remember what we did yesterday, what we have done today or what we plan to do tomorrow.
Without memory we could not learn anything.
Memory is involved in processing vast amounts of information.
This information takes many different forms, e.g. images, sounds or meaning.
Memory is the term given to the structures and processes involved in the storage and subsequent retrieval of information.
Memory is essential to all our lives. Without a memory of the past we cannot operate in the present or think about the future. We would not be able to remember what we did yesterday, what we have done today or what we plan to do tomorrow.
Without memory we could not learn anything.
Memory is involved in processing vast amounts of information.
This information takes many different forms, e.g. images, sounds or meaning.
Memory refers to the processes that are used to acquire, store, retain, and later retrieve information. There are three major processes involved in memory: encoding, storage, and retrieval. Human memory involves the ability to both preserve and recover information we have learned or experienced.
The three main forms of memory storage are sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory.
This content mainly is useful for various groups of people such as teachers, parents and others in making people or children remember well what do they learn in daily activities.
The study of human memory has been a subject of science and philosophy for thousands of years and has become one of the major topics of interest within cognitive psychology.
But what exactly is memory? How are memories formed? The following overview offers a brief look at what memory is, how it works and how it is organized.
Memory refers to the processes that are used to acquire, store, retain, and later retrieve information. There are three major processes involved in memory: encoding, storage, and retrieval. Human memory involves the ability to both preserve and recover information we have learned or experienced.
The three main forms of memory storage are sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory.
This content mainly is useful for various groups of people such as teachers, parents and others in making people or children remember well what do they learn in daily activities.
The study of human memory has been a subject of science and philosophy for thousands of years and has become one of the major topics of interest within cognitive psychology.
But what exactly is memory? How are memories formed? The following overview offers a brief look at what memory is, how it works and how it is organized.
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Information-processing view (Atkinson Shifrin)
Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin. In 1968 these two proposed a multi-stage theory of memory. They explained that from the time information is received by the processing system, it goes through different stages to be fully stored. They broke this down to sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory (Atkinson). In the Atkinson-Shiffrin model, stimuli from the environment are processed first in sensory memory, storage of brief sensory events, such as sights, sounds, and tastes. It is very brief storage—up to a couple of seconds. We are constantly bombarded with sensory information. An information processing model in psychology emphasises how information perceived via the senses is encoded, stored, retrieved and utilised by the human brain. It is a framework used by psychologists to explain and describe mental and cognitive processes. The premise of Information Processing Theory is that creating a long-term memory is something that happens in stages; first we perceive something through our sensory memory, which is everything we can see, hear, feel or taste in a given moment; our short-term memory is what we use to remember things for very short
Information - Processing View (Atkinson Shiffrin).pptxSamruddhi Chepe
Views on human learning with reference to (i) Concepts and principles of each view and
their applicability in different learning situations (ii) Relevance and applicability of
various theories of learning for different kinds of learning situations(iii) Role of learner
and teacher in various learning situations
Information-processing view (Atkinson Shifrin)
Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin. In 1968 these two proposed a multi-stage theory of memory. They explained that from the time information is received by the processing system, it goes through different stages to be fully stored. They broke this down to sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory (Atkinson). In the Atkinson-Shiffrin model, stimuli from the environment are processed first in sensory memory, storage of brief sensory events, such as sights, sounds, and tastes. It is very brief storage—up to a couple of seconds. We are constantly bombarded with sensory information. An information processing model in psychology emphasises how information perceived via the senses is encoded, stored, retrieved and utilised by the human brain. It is a framework used by psychologists to explain and describe mental and cognitive processes. The premise of Information Processing Theory is that creating a long-term memory is something that happens in stages; first we perceive something through our sensory memory, which is everything we can see, hear, feel or taste in a given moment; our short-term memory is what we use to remember things for very short
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6. Table of Content
What is Memory
Stages of Memory
Types of Memory
How to Improve your Memory
Psychological Test used to Assess Memory
7. Memory
Memory is an organism's ability to encode, store,
retain and subsequently recall information and past
experiences in the human brain.
8. Stages of Memory
Encoding
Storage
Retrieval
Encoding refers to how you transform a
physical, sensory input into a kind of
representation that can placed into memory.
Storage refers to how you retain encoded
information in memory.
Retrieval refers to how you gain access to
information stored in memory.
9. Types of Memory
1. Sensory Memory
2. Short Term Memory
3. Long Term Memory
Attention
Rehearsal
10. Types of Memory
Human Memory
Short Term Memory Long Term MemorySensory Memory
Implicit MemoryExplicit Memory
Procedural MemoryDeclarative Memory
Episodic Memory Semantic Memory
11. Sensory Memory
Sensory memory holds sensory information less than one
second after an item is perceived. There are three types
of sensory memory:-
1.Iconic memory: visual stimuli
2.Echoic memory: Auditory stimuli
3.Haptic memory: tactile stimuli
12. Short-term Memory (STM)
Short-term memory is also known as Primary, Active or
working memory. Short-term memory allows recall for a
period of several seconds to a minute without rehearsal. It
is the capacity for holding, but not manipulating, a small
amount of information in mind in an active, readily
available state for a short period of time.
13. Long-Term Memory (LTM)
Long Term Memory is the ability to store more information
for long periods of time (lifetimes) like phone numbers,
names and address’ from when we were kids. LTM is
divided into two main types:-
1. Explicit (or declarative) memory
2. Implicit (or procedural) memory.
14. Explicit Memories
Explicit memories aka declarative memories, include all the memories
that are available in consciousness. Declarative memory is the
memory of factual information, general knowledge, data, and events.
Explicit memory can be further divided into:-
1. Episodic Memory (specific events) Like first day at college,
Marriage Day etc.
2. Semantic Memory (knowledge about the world). Like concept of
book, understanding of division , multiplication etc.
15. Implicit Memories
Implicit memories are those that are mostly unconscious. This type
of memory includes procedural memory, which involves memories
of body movement and how to use objects in the environment.
How to drive a car or use a computer are examples of procedural
memories.
16. How to improve your Memory
1. Avoid Cramming
2. Focus Your Attention
3. Structure and Organize
4. Utilize Mnemonic Devices
5. Elaborate and Rehearse
6. Visualize Concepts
7. Relate New Information to Things You Already Know
8. Read Out Loud
9. Pay Extra Attention to Difficult Information
10.Vary Your Study Routine
11.Get Some Sleep
17. Psychological Test used to Assess Memory
1.Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST)
2.Comprehensive Assessment of Prospective Memory (CAPM)
3.The Wechsler Memory Scale—Third Edition (WMS-III).
4.Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test (RBMT).
5.Recognition Memory Test (RMT)
6.Memory Assessment Scale (MAS).
7.The Benton Visual Retention Test (or Benton test or BVRT)
8.California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT)
9.Gollin Figure Test