Manufacturing is the backbone of industrialized nations and involves converting raw materials into finished goods using various processes. This document outlines the scope and importance of manufacturing engineering, including the key concepts involved like process planning and different production processes like casting, forming, machining, joining, and finishing. It discusses factors to consider when selecting a manufacturing process and provides examples of common metalworking and plastics processes like die casting, forging, extrusion, milling, and injection molding. The goal is to provide engineering students with theoretical and practical knowledge of manufacturing.

1. Production Technology
( 2161909 )
Prof. Mayur S. Modi
Assistant Professor, MED,
SSAS Institute of Technology
6th Semester

2. INTRODUCTION
• Manufacturing is the backbone of any industrialized nation.
• Production and technical staff in industry must know the various manufacturing
processes, materials being processed, tools and equipment's for manufacturing
different components or products with optimal process plan using proper
precautions and specified safety rules to avoid accidents.
• The future engineers must know the basic requirements of production activities
in term of man, machine, material, methods, money and other infrastructure
facilities needed to be positioned properly for optimal shop layouts or plant
layout and other support services effectively adjusted or located in the industry
or plant within a well planned manufacturing organization.

3. SCOPE OF STUDY
• Today’s competitive manufacturing era of high industrial development and
research, is being called the age of mechanization, automation and computer
integrated manufacturing.
• Therefore the course of study of this subject provides a good theoretical
background and a sound practical knowledge to the engineering students.

4. MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING
• Manufacturing is derived from the Latin word manufactus, means made by
hand. In modern context it involves making products from raw material by using
various processes, by making use of hand tools, machinery or even computers.
• Manufacturing is important to the developed and developing nations.
• Technologically
• Economically

5.  Technology - the application of science to provide society and its
members with those things that are needed or desired
 Technology affects our daily lives, directly and indirectly, in many
ways
 Technology provides the products that help our society and its
members live better.
Economic Importance

6. INDIA CHINA

8.  Application of physical and chemical processes to alter the geometry, properties,
and/or appearance of a starting material to make parts or products

9.  Transformation of materials into items of greater value by one or more processing
and/or assembly operations

10. Manufacturing Industries
 Industry consists of enterprises and organizations that produce or supply goods
and services
 Industries can be classified as:
1. Primary industries - cultivate and exploit natural resources, e.g., agriculture,
mining
2. Secondary industries - take the outputs of primary industries and convert
them into consumer and capital goods
3. Tertiary industries - service sector

11. Advance manufacturing engineering involves the following concepts
1. Process planning.
2. Process sheets.
3. Route sheets.
4. Tooling.
5. Cutting tools, machine tools (traditional, numerical control (NC), and
computerized
numerical control (CNC).
6. Jigs and Fixtures.
7. Dies and Moulds.
8. Manufacturing Information Generation.
9. CNC part programs.
10. Robot programmers.
11. Flexible Manufacturing Systems (FMS), Group Technology (GT)
and Computer integrated manufacturing (CIM).

12. PRODUCTION PROCESS
It is the process followed in a plant for converting semi- finished
products or raw materials into finished products or raw materials into
finished products.
The art of converting raw material into finished goods with application of
different types of tools, equipment's, machine tools, manufacturing set ups
and manufacturing processes, is known as production.
Generally there are three basic types of production system
1. Job production
2. Batch production
3. Mass production

13. CLASSIFICATION OF MANUFACTURING PROCESSES
Primary Shaping Processes
Secondary or Machining Processes
Metal Forming Processes
Joining Processes
Surface Finishing Processes

14. Factors to be considered for selecting a production
process
a) Shape and size to be produced - For products with simple shape,
machining is best suited. But for complex and intricate shapes,
casting is preferred. The size of the product is also an important
factor. For example, 'long' products such as rails or 'thin' products
such as car-body panels can be best made by forming process
compared to others.
(b) Quantity to be produced - Both machining and casting can be
used for producing large quantity products, but are not suitable for
small quantity products, as they are not economical.
(c) Type of material - Materials possess various properties like
ductility, hardness, toughness, brittleness etc. Hard materials
cannot be machined easily. Brittle materials cannot be
mechanically worked (Forming process). In such cases, casting is preferred.

15. Surface finish and dimensional accuracy - Casting with expendable moulds
does not yield good surface finish. However," if casting process is selected,
it should be followed by machining process to obtain the desired surface
finish and dimensional tolerance.
Quality and property requirements - A defect-free product with specific
properties serve its purpose for long life. Properties of cast material are
generally less when compared to that of mechanically worked materials.
Also, casting gives a lot of defects. Hence, a process that gives better
properties and quality should be selected.
Cost of the product - Customers often demand for products with more
features and performance at reduced prices. Hence, a low cost production
process should be selected, but at the same time, see that no compromise
is made in terms of quality.

16. Choosing Methods of Production
Use a Selection Chart
PROF. MAYUR S. MODI

17. Manufacturing Processes for Metals
• Casting: expendable mold and permanent mold.
• Forming and Shaping: rolling, forging, extrusion, drawing, sheet forming, powder
metallurgy, molding
• Machining: turning, boring, drilling, milling, planing, shaping, broaching, grinding,
ultrasonic machining, chemical machining, electrical discharge machining (EDM),
electrochemical machining, high-energy beam machining
• Joining: welding, brazing, soldering, diffusion bonding, adhesive bonding, mechanical
joining
• Finishing: honing, lapping, polishing, burnishing, deburring, surface treating, coating,
plating
PROF. MAYUR S. MODI

18. Casting Processes
Introduction of molten metal into a mold cavity; upon solidification, metal
conforms to the shape of the cavity.
Die Casting Sand Casting
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19. Forming and Shaping Processes
Bulk deformation processes that induce shape changes by plastic
deformation under forces applied by tools and dies.
Forging
Extrusion
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20. Machining Processes
Material removal from a work piece: cutting, grinding, nontraditional machining
processes.
Milling Lathe Machine
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21. Injection Molding of Plastics
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