This document provides an introduction to orthomolecular medicine and discusses its key principles. It notes that nutritional deficiencies can impact brain function and mental health. Specific vitamins and minerals that are important for mood include B vitamins, vitamin A, folate, vitamin B12, and amino acids. The document warns of side effects from antidepressant medications and discusses alternative nutritional approaches to treating conditions like depression.
The document discusses the hit to lead (H2L) stage of drug discovery. In this stage, small molecule hits identified from high-throughput screening undergo limited optimization to identify lead compounds with improved binding affinity, selectivity, metabolic properties, and other qualities. The goal is to progress compounds from the micromolar binding range to nanomolar binding through synthetic analogs before advancing to the lead optimization stage. Key aspects of H2L include hit confirmation, expansion through synthetic analogs, and selection of lead series based on various criteria for further exploration.
Protein engineering and its techniques himanshuhimanshu kamboj
b pharma 6th sem
pharmaceutical biotechnology
Protein engineering
Objectives of protein engineering
Rationale of protein engineering
Protein engineering methods
Rational design -site-directed mutagenesis methods
Advantages and disadvantages of rational design
Directed evolution -random mutagenesis
Advantages and disadvantages of directed evolution
Peptidomimetics
Classification of peptidomimetics
Advantages and disadvantages of peptidomimetics
Flow cytometry
Instrumentation
Principle
components
Cancer is abnormal cell growth that can spread if untreated. It is caused by factors like chemicals, alcohol, smoking, viruses and genetics. Symptoms include fatigue, nausea, and weight loss. Treatments include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, and targeted therapies. Many plants have compounds that may treat cancer by inhibiting cell proliferation or inducing cell death. Examples discussed include vinca alkaloids from Catharanthus roseus, taxanes from Taxus brevifolia, and camptothecin from Camptotheca acuminata. Curcumin, flavonoids, polyphenols from foods like berries and tea may also have anticancer effects. As conventional treatments do not always work, herbal medicines provide a
Saponins are plant constituents that cause foaming in aqueous solutions. They are glycosides that can be toxic if injected in the bloodstream but are harmless when taken orally. There are two main types of saponins - pentacyclic triterpenoid and steroidal. Saponins are hydrolyzed into aglycones and sugars. Aglycones determine the saponin type. Many plants contain medicinally active saponins such as diosgenin from Dioscorea villosa wild yam. Saponins have expectorant, anti-inflammatory and immune-modulating properties and are used to treat various conditions.
Nutraceuticals are substances that are derived from food sources and provide medical or health benefits, including the prevention and treatment of disease. They can be classified based on their food source, such as plants, animals, or microorganisms, or based on their chemical nature. Traditional nutraceuticals include chemical constituents like nutrients, herbals, and phytochemicals. They also include probiotic microorganisms and nutraceutical enzymes. Non-traditional nutraceuticals are artificially produced and include fortified nutraceuticals with added nutrients and recombinant nutraceuticals produced using biotechnology. Nutraceuticals provide potential benefits like increasing health, helping people live longer, avoiding medical conditions, and having
Pharmacophore modeling identifies key molecular features necessary for drug-target binding and biological response. It represents molecules schematically in 2D or 3D. Pharmacophore features include hydrogen bond donors/acceptors, aromaticity, hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity. Pharmacophore models are used for virtual screening to identify molecules that may activate or inhibit a target. There are two main types: ligand-based models extract common features of known ligands, while structure-based models define features from protein-ligand complex structures. Both aim to encode the optimal 3D arrangement of interactions between ligands and targets.
Protein engineering is the process of designing new proteins or enzymes with desirable functions. It involves modifying amino acid sequences through methods like site-directed and random mutagenesis, as well as recombinant DNA technology. The goal is to produce proteins in large quantities, or create enzymes with improved properties like thermal stability, activity in non-aqueous solvents, or altered substrate binding. Protein engineering has applications in pharmaceuticals, food/detergent industries, environmental remediation, and other areas.
Transgenic Plants, Gene Identification and Method.pptxAnnu .
This document discusses transgenic plants and methods used to produce and study them. It defines transgenic plants as organisms with genes transferred between species using genetic engineering. Several methods are described for producing transgenic plants, including particle bombardment, PEG-mediated transformation, electroporation, and Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer. The document also discusses the history of transgenic crop development, importance of transgenic plants, and methods for gene identification, localization, and sequencing, including Sanger sequencing, Maxam-Gilbert sequencing, and next-generation sequencing techniques.
The document discusses the hit to lead (H2L) stage of drug discovery. In this stage, small molecule hits identified from high-throughput screening undergo limited optimization to identify lead compounds with improved binding affinity, selectivity, metabolic properties, and other qualities. The goal is to progress compounds from the micromolar binding range to nanomolar binding through synthetic analogs before advancing to the lead optimization stage. Key aspects of H2L include hit confirmation, expansion through synthetic analogs, and selection of lead series based on various criteria for further exploration.
Protein engineering and its techniques himanshuhimanshu kamboj
b pharma 6th sem
pharmaceutical biotechnology
Protein engineering
Objectives of protein engineering
Rationale of protein engineering
Protein engineering methods
Rational design -site-directed mutagenesis methods
Advantages and disadvantages of rational design
Directed evolution -random mutagenesis
Advantages and disadvantages of directed evolution
Peptidomimetics
Classification of peptidomimetics
Advantages and disadvantages of peptidomimetics
Flow cytometry
Instrumentation
Principle
components
Cancer is abnormal cell growth that can spread if untreated. It is caused by factors like chemicals, alcohol, smoking, viruses and genetics. Symptoms include fatigue, nausea, and weight loss. Treatments include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, and targeted therapies. Many plants have compounds that may treat cancer by inhibiting cell proliferation or inducing cell death. Examples discussed include vinca alkaloids from Catharanthus roseus, taxanes from Taxus brevifolia, and camptothecin from Camptotheca acuminata. Curcumin, flavonoids, polyphenols from foods like berries and tea may also have anticancer effects. As conventional treatments do not always work, herbal medicines provide a
Saponins are plant constituents that cause foaming in aqueous solutions. They are glycosides that can be toxic if injected in the bloodstream but are harmless when taken orally. There are two main types of saponins - pentacyclic triterpenoid and steroidal. Saponins are hydrolyzed into aglycones and sugars. Aglycones determine the saponin type. Many plants contain medicinally active saponins such as diosgenin from Dioscorea villosa wild yam. Saponins have expectorant, anti-inflammatory and immune-modulating properties and are used to treat various conditions.
Nutraceuticals are substances that are derived from food sources and provide medical or health benefits, including the prevention and treatment of disease. They can be classified based on their food source, such as plants, animals, or microorganisms, or based on their chemical nature. Traditional nutraceuticals include chemical constituents like nutrients, herbals, and phytochemicals. They also include probiotic microorganisms and nutraceutical enzymes. Non-traditional nutraceuticals are artificially produced and include fortified nutraceuticals with added nutrients and recombinant nutraceuticals produced using biotechnology. Nutraceuticals provide potential benefits like increasing health, helping people live longer, avoiding medical conditions, and having
Pharmacophore modeling identifies key molecular features necessary for drug-target binding and biological response. It represents molecules schematically in 2D or 3D. Pharmacophore features include hydrogen bond donors/acceptors, aromaticity, hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity. Pharmacophore models are used for virtual screening to identify molecules that may activate or inhibit a target. There are two main types: ligand-based models extract common features of known ligands, while structure-based models define features from protein-ligand complex structures. Both aim to encode the optimal 3D arrangement of interactions between ligands and targets.
Protein engineering is the process of designing new proteins or enzymes with desirable functions. It involves modifying amino acid sequences through methods like site-directed and random mutagenesis, as well as recombinant DNA technology. The goal is to produce proteins in large quantities, or create enzymes with improved properties like thermal stability, activity in non-aqueous solvents, or altered substrate binding. Protein engineering has applications in pharmaceuticals, food/detergent industries, environmental remediation, and other areas.
Transgenic Plants, Gene Identification and Method.pptxAnnu .
This document discusses transgenic plants and methods used to produce and study them. It defines transgenic plants as organisms with genes transferred between species using genetic engineering. Several methods are described for producing transgenic plants, including particle bombardment, PEG-mediated transformation, electroporation, and Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer. The document also discusses the history of transgenic crop development, importance of transgenic plants, and methods for gene identification, localization, and sequencing, including Sanger sequencing, Maxam-Gilbert sequencing, and next-generation sequencing techniques.
This document discusses various applications of protein engineering in different industries and fields. It describes how protein engineering is used in the food industry to modify enzymes like proteases, amylases, and lipases to improve their properties. It also discusses applications in environmental remediation, medicine like cancer treatment, biopolymer production, nanobiotechnology, and redox proteins. The document provides an overview of the wide range of uses of protein engineering across diverse domains.
Pharmacology of antimalarial drugs with treatment of malaria. mechanism of action, uses, adverse effects of antimalarial drugs like chloroquine, quinine, artemisinin compounds.
Objective:
To create a superior enzymes to catalyze the production of high value specific chemicals.
To produce enzyme in large quantities.
Eliminate the need for co factor in enzymatic reaction.
Change substrate binding sites to increase specificity.
Change the thermal tolerance and pH stability.
Increase protein resistance to proteases.
To produce biological compounds.
Investigate how desired mutations can be introduced into a cloned gene
This document discusses antipsychotic drugs used to treat psychosis. It describes typical and atypical antipsychotics, including their indications, mechanisms of action, contraindications, interactions, nursing diagnoses, side effects, and antiparkinsonian agents used to treat extrapyramidal symptoms caused by antipsychotics. The main types and examples of antipsychotics are outlined, along with risks such as movement disorders and rare but serious conditions like neuroleptic malignant syndrome.
Biosynthesis and pharmaceutical applications of alkaloids [autosaved]JasmineJuliet
Alkaloids definition, History of Biosynthesis of alkaloids, Alkaloids application in pharmaceutical field, Biological activity of alkaloids, Alkaloids have different pharmaceutical property their names and their uses in pharmaceutical field.
This document summarizes various classes and subclasses of cancer chemotherapy drugs, including their mechanisms of action, toxicities, and therapeutic uses. It discusses cell cycle-specific agents like alkylating agents, antimetabolites, plant alkaloids, and hormones. Alkylating agents like cyclophosphamide can alkylate DNA. Antimetabolites like methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil interfere with DNA synthesis. Plant alkaloids including vinca alkaloids and taxanes affect microtubules. Hormonal therapies include tamoxifen, aromatase inhibitors, and gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists. The document provides detailed information on numerous chemotherapy drugs.
การวิเคราะห์ฤทธิ์ต้านอนุมูลอิสระที่ระยะต่างกันในกล้วยเล็บมือนาง
Analysis of Antioxidant Activity at Different Stage in Musa (AA group) ‘Kluai Leb Mu Nang’
อดิศร จำรูญ
Introduction to the drug discovery processThanh Truong
This document discusses the drug discovery process from target identification through FDA approval. It describes methods used for target identification such as genomics, bioinformatics, and proteomics. The stages of lead identification through high-throughput screening and structure-based drug design are outlined. Key aspects of lead optimization like characterizing potency, efficacy, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity are summarized. Details are provided on preclinical and clinical trial phases from Phase 0 through Phase IV post-marketing surveillance. Factors contributing to the declining drug approval rate like increased safety demands are noted. The high costs and failure rates associated with drug development are highlighted.
The document discusses computer aided drug design (CADD). It describes CADD as using computational methods to aid in drug discovery and design. Some key points include:
- CADD uses tools like bioinformatics, cheminformatics, and computational chemistry to discover, study, and enhance drug molecules.
- Target-based and ligand-based approaches are two main computational methods used in CADD. Target-based approaches use structural information about biological targets while ligand-based approaches analyze characteristics of known active ligands.
- Other stages of drug design discussed include lead identification, lead optimization, docking simulations to model drug-target binding, and pre-clinical trials to evaluate drug properties before human testing.
This document discusses ergot alkaloids, which are nitrogen-containing natural products produced by various fungi including Claviceps purpurae. It describes their chemical properties, occurrence, pharmacological effects, biosynthesis pathway, and methods of production. Key producers of ergot alkaloids are discussed, including C. purpurae which infects rye and produces ergometrine. The biosynthesis pathway involves the formation of the ergoline ring system from tryptophan. Methods of commercial production include culture of fungi on host plants or in submerged culture using processes like surface culture or immobilized cells. Regulation of alkaloid production in fermentation is also covered.
This document discusses cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6), an enzyme involved in drug metabolism. It notes that CYP2D6 is one of several cytochrome P450 enzymes that metabolize around 25% of clinically used drugs. The document outlines that CYP2D6 shows genetic polymorphisms that lead to variability in drug metabolism and response. It also describes the CYP2D6 gene location and alleles, and notes that genetic testing can identify variants associated with differences in CYP2D6 activity.
Biogenic amines (BA) are non-volatile low- molecular-weight nitrogenous organic bases, derived through decarboxylation of corresponding amino acids. More studies are needed in order to prove their feasibility and technological relevance during the production of fermented foods.
Protein engineering is the process of developing useful or valuable proteins. It is a young discipline, with much research taking place into the understanding of protein folding and recognition for protein design principles
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on protein therapeutics. Therapeutic proteins are engineered proteins used for pharmaceutical purposes. The production of therapeutic proteins involves genetically modifying host cells to artificially synthesize proteins that treat diseases by replacing proteins the body is deficient in. Therapeutic proteins have been used since the 1920s, with human insulin being the first example. Today, therapeutic proteins are an important class of drugs, accounting for 16% of prescription drug sales, and are primarily produced through recombinant methods.
Nutritional supplements and nutraceuticalsTom Dot U
nutraceuticals are substances provides distinct health and medicinal benifits, classification prebiotics.......lycopene.........................................
Antiprotozoal agents is a class of pharmaceuticals used in treatment of protozoan infection. Protozoans have little in common with each other and so agents effective against one pathogen may not be effective against another
Alkaloids are classified based on their biosynthetic precursors, which include amino acids like ornithine, tryptophan, lysine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and histidine. Other precursors include purines. Major classes include tropane alkaloids from ornithine, indole alkaloids from tryptophan, quinoline alkaloids from tryptophan, papaver alkaloids from tyrosine, and purine alkaloids like caffeine, theobromine, and theophylline not derived from amino acids. Biosynthesis involves reactions like decarboxylation and transamination of amino acid precursors.
Protein engineering involves modifying protein structure using recombinant DNA technology or chemical treatment to improve function for use in medicine, industry, and agriculture. The objectives of protein engineering are to create superior enzymes for specific chemical production, produce enzymes in large quantities, and produce superior biological compounds. Protein engineering aims to alter properties like kinetic properties, thermostability, stability in nonaqueous solvents, substrate specificity, and cofactor requirements to meet industrial needs. Common methods for protein engineering include mutagenesis, selection, and recombinant DNA technology.
Herbal Medicine for Treatment of AsthmaMona Ismail
Asthma is a common chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by variable and recurring symptoms, reversible airflow obstruction, and bronchospasm.
Presentation from Gianfranco Burzio at parallel session on Human factors and...euroFOT
The document summarizes a field test on lane departure warning functions conducted as part of the EuroFOT project. The test involved collecting data from over 500 drivers who either received the lane departure warning in their vehicles or served as a control group without the warning. Questionnaires were used before, during, and after to understand the impacts on safety, driver behavior, and acceptance of the lane departure warning technology. The field test was still ongoing at the time but had already recruited over 150 drivers to participate.
E twinning is 5 (nx powerlite) (nxpowerlite)ivanabrabcova
eTwinning is a community for schools in Europe to collaborate using information and communication technology tools. Teachers and students can connect with other schools to work together on projects, share ideas and best practices. The program has been running for 15 years and has brought over 250,000 schools together from across Europe.
This document discusses various applications of protein engineering in different industries and fields. It describes how protein engineering is used in the food industry to modify enzymes like proteases, amylases, and lipases to improve their properties. It also discusses applications in environmental remediation, medicine like cancer treatment, biopolymer production, nanobiotechnology, and redox proteins. The document provides an overview of the wide range of uses of protein engineering across diverse domains.
Pharmacology of antimalarial drugs with treatment of malaria. mechanism of action, uses, adverse effects of antimalarial drugs like chloroquine, quinine, artemisinin compounds.
Objective:
To create a superior enzymes to catalyze the production of high value specific chemicals.
To produce enzyme in large quantities.
Eliminate the need for co factor in enzymatic reaction.
Change substrate binding sites to increase specificity.
Change the thermal tolerance and pH stability.
Increase protein resistance to proteases.
To produce biological compounds.
Investigate how desired mutations can be introduced into a cloned gene
This document discusses antipsychotic drugs used to treat psychosis. It describes typical and atypical antipsychotics, including their indications, mechanisms of action, contraindications, interactions, nursing diagnoses, side effects, and antiparkinsonian agents used to treat extrapyramidal symptoms caused by antipsychotics. The main types and examples of antipsychotics are outlined, along with risks such as movement disorders and rare but serious conditions like neuroleptic malignant syndrome.
Biosynthesis and pharmaceutical applications of alkaloids [autosaved]JasmineJuliet
Alkaloids definition, History of Biosynthesis of alkaloids, Alkaloids application in pharmaceutical field, Biological activity of alkaloids, Alkaloids have different pharmaceutical property their names and their uses in pharmaceutical field.
This document summarizes various classes and subclasses of cancer chemotherapy drugs, including their mechanisms of action, toxicities, and therapeutic uses. It discusses cell cycle-specific agents like alkylating agents, antimetabolites, plant alkaloids, and hormones. Alkylating agents like cyclophosphamide can alkylate DNA. Antimetabolites like methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil interfere with DNA synthesis. Plant alkaloids including vinca alkaloids and taxanes affect microtubules. Hormonal therapies include tamoxifen, aromatase inhibitors, and gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists. The document provides detailed information on numerous chemotherapy drugs.
การวิเคราะห์ฤทธิ์ต้านอนุมูลอิสระที่ระยะต่างกันในกล้วยเล็บมือนาง
Analysis of Antioxidant Activity at Different Stage in Musa (AA group) ‘Kluai Leb Mu Nang’
อดิศร จำรูญ
Introduction to the drug discovery processThanh Truong
This document discusses the drug discovery process from target identification through FDA approval. It describes methods used for target identification such as genomics, bioinformatics, and proteomics. The stages of lead identification through high-throughput screening and structure-based drug design are outlined. Key aspects of lead optimization like characterizing potency, efficacy, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity are summarized. Details are provided on preclinical and clinical trial phases from Phase 0 through Phase IV post-marketing surveillance. Factors contributing to the declining drug approval rate like increased safety demands are noted. The high costs and failure rates associated with drug development are highlighted.
The document discusses computer aided drug design (CADD). It describes CADD as using computational methods to aid in drug discovery and design. Some key points include:
- CADD uses tools like bioinformatics, cheminformatics, and computational chemistry to discover, study, and enhance drug molecules.
- Target-based and ligand-based approaches are two main computational methods used in CADD. Target-based approaches use structural information about biological targets while ligand-based approaches analyze characteristics of known active ligands.
- Other stages of drug design discussed include lead identification, lead optimization, docking simulations to model drug-target binding, and pre-clinical trials to evaluate drug properties before human testing.
This document discusses ergot alkaloids, which are nitrogen-containing natural products produced by various fungi including Claviceps purpurae. It describes their chemical properties, occurrence, pharmacological effects, biosynthesis pathway, and methods of production. Key producers of ergot alkaloids are discussed, including C. purpurae which infects rye and produces ergometrine. The biosynthesis pathway involves the formation of the ergoline ring system from tryptophan. Methods of commercial production include culture of fungi on host plants or in submerged culture using processes like surface culture or immobilized cells. Regulation of alkaloid production in fermentation is also covered.
This document discusses cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6), an enzyme involved in drug metabolism. It notes that CYP2D6 is one of several cytochrome P450 enzymes that metabolize around 25% of clinically used drugs. The document outlines that CYP2D6 shows genetic polymorphisms that lead to variability in drug metabolism and response. It also describes the CYP2D6 gene location and alleles, and notes that genetic testing can identify variants associated with differences in CYP2D6 activity.
Biogenic amines (BA) are non-volatile low- molecular-weight nitrogenous organic bases, derived through decarboxylation of corresponding amino acids. More studies are needed in order to prove their feasibility and technological relevance during the production of fermented foods.
Protein engineering is the process of developing useful or valuable proteins. It is a young discipline, with much research taking place into the understanding of protein folding and recognition for protein design principles
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on protein therapeutics. Therapeutic proteins are engineered proteins used for pharmaceutical purposes. The production of therapeutic proteins involves genetically modifying host cells to artificially synthesize proteins that treat diseases by replacing proteins the body is deficient in. Therapeutic proteins have been used since the 1920s, with human insulin being the first example. Today, therapeutic proteins are an important class of drugs, accounting for 16% of prescription drug sales, and are primarily produced through recombinant methods.
Nutritional supplements and nutraceuticalsTom Dot U
nutraceuticals are substances provides distinct health and medicinal benifits, classification prebiotics.......lycopene.........................................
Antiprotozoal agents is a class of pharmaceuticals used in treatment of protozoan infection. Protozoans have little in common with each other and so agents effective against one pathogen may not be effective against another
Alkaloids are classified based on their biosynthetic precursors, which include amino acids like ornithine, tryptophan, lysine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and histidine. Other precursors include purines. Major classes include tropane alkaloids from ornithine, indole alkaloids from tryptophan, quinoline alkaloids from tryptophan, papaver alkaloids from tyrosine, and purine alkaloids like caffeine, theobromine, and theophylline not derived from amino acids. Biosynthesis involves reactions like decarboxylation and transamination of amino acid precursors.
Protein engineering involves modifying protein structure using recombinant DNA technology or chemical treatment to improve function for use in medicine, industry, and agriculture. The objectives of protein engineering are to create superior enzymes for specific chemical production, produce enzymes in large quantities, and produce superior biological compounds. Protein engineering aims to alter properties like kinetic properties, thermostability, stability in nonaqueous solvents, substrate specificity, and cofactor requirements to meet industrial needs. Common methods for protein engineering include mutagenesis, selection, and recombinant DNA technology.
Herbal Medicine for Treatment of AsthmaMona Ismail
Asthma is a common chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by variable and recurring symptoms, reversible airflow obstruction, and bronchospasm.
Presentation from Gianfranco Burzio at parallel session on Human factors and...euroFOT
The document summarizes a field test on lane departure warning functions conducted as part of the EuroFOT project. The test involved collecting data from over 500 drivers who either received the lane departure warning in their vehicles or served as a control group without the warning. Questionnaires were used before, during, and after to understand the impacts on safety, driver behavior, and acceptance of the lane departure warning technology. The field test was still ongoing at the time but had already recruited over 150 drivers to participate.
E twinning is 5 (nx powerlite) (nxpowerlite)ivanabrabcova
eTwinning is a community for schools in Europe to collaborate using information and communication technology tools. Teachers and students can connect with other schools to work together on projects, share ideas and best practices. The program has been running for 15 years and has brought over 250,000 schools together from across Europe.
St Paul's Grammar School set up a multi-channel social media strategy to share information about local floods in 2012. This included using their website as a central information hub, Facebook to direct the community, Twitter for real-time updates, and Storify to aggregate media sources. Their aim was to consistently share useful information from the community and funnel it to their website. Engagement across all channels was very high, with over 14,000 daily pageviews to the website during the floods and nearly 18,000 total interactions across all platforms. The case study showed that social media enables instant feedback, encourages community conversation, and allows an organization to effectively "reflood" important information.
The Effects of Work Habits Around Agility Through SimulationsPaul Boos
This is an experiential workshop to help managers understand how the work habits they choose or reinforce help or hinder the Agility of an organization.
The document discusses an automatic process but provides no meaningful details about what was automatic or what the process entailed. It contains a long string of non-printing characters between "Automatic" and "END" with no other context.
This very short document does not contain any words or sentences to summarize. It appears to be a document separator containing only blank lines and the word "END".
Cooperation needs on Field Operational Tests: FOT MethodologyeuroFOT
This webinar discusses revising the FESTA methodology for conducting Field Operational Tests (FOTs) to address different application areas and cooperation needs. The FESTA methodology will be revised based on feedback from experts and adapted to fields like advanced driver assistance systems. Specific working groups will tackle difficult methodology issues related to data analysis, event definition, legal/ethical concerns, impact assessment, and data sharing. Future outputs include an update on the revision at an upcoming workshop and a final presentation of the revised methodology.
This document provides instructions for using the Linear Shaft Motor Application Resource Tool (SMART) software to select the appropriate linear shaft motor. The software contains 13 worksheets, including one to enter application details, one for motor selection calculations, and specification sheets. Users enter load, voltage, temperature and motor details, and the software calculates if the motor meets requirements. It is recommended to verify motor selection due to various application variables.
This document discusses bubbles in economics, the role of central banks like the Federal Reserve in managing bubbles, and debates around regulating versus deregulating financial markets. It notes that bubbles involve trading assets at inflated prices and post-bubble economies are difficult to manage. While some deny bubbles occur, others think they stem from price coordination or social norms. Regulating financial markets could limit risky behavior but models would need to accurately map interlinkages, while deregulation allows economic freedom but risks bubbles. The Federal Reserve uses tools like adjusting interest rates and quantitative easing to stimulate or constrain the economy as needed to prevent overheating or recession.
This document discusses bubbles in economics, the role of central banks like the Federal Reserve in managing bubbles, and debates around regulating versus deregulating financial markets. It notes that bubbles occur when trade involves assets valued considerably above intrinsic values. After bubbles burst, economies are difficult to manage. The document outlines different schools of thought on using macroprudential tools and regulations versus allowing free markets. It also discusses the challenges of regulating complex modern financial systems and removing monetary stimulus like quantitative easing once economies recover.
El documento lista varias obras de teatro y películas presentadas en la escuela Hölters en 2009, incluyendo Fiebre de sábado por la noche, ¿Quién quiere ser millonario?, Moulin Rouge, Chicago y Eva.
In an uncertain world where we are all effectively self-employed, networking skills make all the difference for freelancers, job changers, and career climbers. Increase your chances of landing that all-important job or business contract.
1) The document provides 11 examples involving calculations using the normal distribution to solve probability problems related to business, quality control, and sampling.
2) Many of the examples ask the reader to calculate the probability of an event occurring or the expected number of outcomes given data about the average and standard deviation of a normal distribution.
3) The final example discusses whether a concession manager should hire additional employees given the potential costs and probabilities associated with the expected attendance at a hockey game.
Priority Activator Consulting provides a range of strategic consulting services to help businesses achieve optimal performance and growth. These include strategic planning, organizational development, talent management, financial advisory, and data analytics services. The company uses a customized approach for each client involving in-depth analysis, solution development, and implementation support to deliver assured outcomes. It has a team of experienced partners leading services across key areas like strategy, talent, organization development, finance, and research.
Lean startup cust dev intro start up academyLino Velev
The document discusses the Lean Startup methodology which emphasizes speed, agility, and iteration between design and learning. It outlines the steps of the Lean Startup process which include opportunity recognition, customer development, agile product development, and business model development. Customer development is a key part of the process, where the goal is to talk to customers, understand their needs, and learn what to build in order to eliminate waste and build the right product before launch.
Heart disease and stroke are forms of cardiovascular disease that are generally caused by atherosclerosis, a buildup of plaque in the arteries over many years. This plaque buildup can restrict blood flow and cause heart attacks, strokes, or gangrene depending on the location. Risk factors for cardiovascular disease include smoking, diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, obesity, poor diet, lack of exercise, and exposure to pollution. Early warning signs can include numbness, tingling, cold fingers/toes, and swelling. Coconut oil is a healthy fat that may help maintain cholesterol levels and immunity while promoting proper digestion.
Halloween originated from the ancient Celtic festival of Samhain, marking the end of the harvest season and the beginning of winter. Traditionally, Celts believed spirits could cross over from the dead on this day. The traditions of wearing costumes and carving jack-o-lanterns come from an Irish legend about a man named Stingy Jack. Now, children dress in costumes and go trick-or-treating from house to house on October 31st, receiving candy and other treats. Popular Halloween symbols include pumpkins, ghosts, witches, and black cats.
Appetite Stimulant And Suppressants.pptxGokul546572
This document discusses appetite stimulants and suppressants. It defines appetite as the desire to eat food felt as hunger, which is regulated by the brain, digestive tract, and adipose tissue. Common causes of decreased appetite are then listed, followed by classifications and examples of appetite stimulants like supplements, drugs, and hormones that increase hunger. Next, classifications and examples of appetite suppressants are provided, which reduce hunger through various neurotransmitter and hormonal effects. Specific stimulants and suppressants like dronabinol, oxandrolone, fenfluramine, and sibutramine are then described in more detail regarding their mechanisms of action, uses, and side effects.
Wellspiration 5 - Lifting Depression with NutritionYafa Sakkejha
This document discusses how depression can be lifted through nutrition and exercise without medication. It outlines various signs of depression and potential causes such as life stress, nutritional deficiencies, and hormonal imbalances. Low serotonin levels are linked to depression, and certain foods like sugar can cause serotonin crashes and cravings that worsen symptoms. Supplementing nutrients that support neurotransmitters like vitamins, minerals, amino acids and essential fatty acids can help lift depression. Lifestyle habits like a whole foods diet, exercise, sleep, and stress management are also recommended beyond supplementation alone.
This document discusses several issues with modern psychiatry, including:
1) The diagnostic models used in psychiatry are unreliable and not validated by underlying biological mechanisms. Treatment efficacy is also limited and narrowly defined.
2) A holistic approach is needed that considers physical, mental, emotional, social, and spiritual factors rather than a narrow biochemical focus. Lifestyle interventions, supplements, energy therapies and other alternative treatments can be effective for depression.
3) Long term studies show most patients do not achieve remission with medication alone, and relapse is common after stopping treatment. A multidimensional approach tailored for the individual may provide better long term outcomes than the current model of psychiatry.
This document provides information on stress management and improving sleep. It discusses what stress is, common physical symptoms, and strategies to reduce stress such as exercise, assertiveness, nutrition, relaxation techniques, and seeking professional help. Supplements that may help with stress and sleep like Calm Day, Sleep Time, melatonin, 5-HTP, B vitamins, and taurine are described. Safety information is provided. The author is a chiropractor who provides nutritional consultations and recommends natural solutions over prescription drugs for stress and sleep issues.
This document discusses the role of vitamins in psychiatry. It begins with an overview of how nutrition plays a key role in brain health and the link between nutrition and mental health. It then classifies and describes the 9 water soluble vitamins (B vitamins and vitamin C) and 4 fat soluble vitamins, explaining their roles in brain functioning and common deficiencies. Specific vitamins discussed in more depth include thiamine, niacin, folate, vitamin B12, and vitamin C. The document explains how deficiencies in these vitamins can impact psychiatric manifestations and neurological processes.
This document discusses psychotherapeutic drugs used to treat mental illnesses. It defines mental illnesses and describes common conditions like depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and anxiety disorders. It explains how mental illnesses were treated before modern drugs, then summarizes different classes of psychotherapeutic drugs like antidepressants, mood stabilizers, antipsychotics, and their uses, mechanisms of action, effectiveness, and potential side effects. It also briefly discusses substance abuse related to psychotherapeutic drugs.
Anxiety disorders are the most common mental disorders, affecting nearly 30% of adults. Anxiety is a normal reaction to stress but anxiety disorders involve excessive fear or anxiety. Anxiety disorders have various causes like genetics, personality traits, medical conditions, substance use, and stressful life events. Common anxiety disorders include panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and specific phobias. Treatment helps most people lead normal lives.
This document discusses herbal and supplement approaches for treating depression. It notes that depression can be situational or clinical. Meditation, yoga, exercise, acupuncture, and nutrition are recommended integrative approaches. Specific supplements discussed are St. John's Wort, SAMe, vitamins B12, B6, and folate, and ashwagandha. The document provides dosage and effectiveness information for each supplement and warns that medical advice should always be consulted before using any therapeutic approach for depression.
THE EFFECT OF THE DIET ON BRAIN NEUROTRANSMITTERS AND NURSING IMPLICATIONJaber Hihiden
This document discusses the effect of diet on brain neurotransmitters and the implications for nursing. It begins with an overview of brain physiology and neurotransmitters like dopamine, serotonin, and GABA. It then examines how certain amino acids that are precursors to these neurotransmitters can be obtained through foods like meats, eggs, nuts, and legumes. The nursing implications section discusses how nutritional interventions may help treat mental illnesses by optimizing neurotransmitter function and decreasing the need for psychotropic medications. In conclusion, maintaining a healthy brain through diet is important for quality of life, as certain foods can improve neurotransmitter functioning.
Bipolar disorder is a brain disorder characterized by unusual shifts in mood and ability to function. It is classified by the current mood state which can include mania, hypomania, mild or moderate depression, or severe depression, with or without psychotic features. The causes are thought to include neurochemical imbalances, genetic factors, and sleep disturbances. Symptoms include changes in appetite, energy, thoughts, and behavior. Treatment involves pharmacological interventions like mood stabilizers, antipsychotics, and antidepressants as well as non-pharmacological therapies like cognitive behavioral therapy and family therapy. Nursing care focuses on safety, monitoring for symptoms, providing education, and supporting treatment adherence.
This document discusses central nervous system (CNS) stimulant drugs, including cocaine, amphetamines, and methamphetamines. It defines stimulants and lists their medical uses and desired and toxic effects. It covers the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cocaine and amphetamines, including their mechanisms of action, metabolism, and clinical effects during acute and chronic use. The document also discusses withdrawal symptoms and treatments for dependence and intoxication from CNS stimulants.
Depression is a common mental disorder characterized by sadness, loss of interest or pleasure, and impaired functioning. It ranges from mild episodes of sadness to severe and persistent forms. Clinical depression involves changes in appetite, sleep, energy, concentration, self-esteem and thoughts of death or suicide. It has genetic, environmental, biochemical and hormonal causes. Treatments include antidepressant medications and psychotherapy.
This document discusses CNS stimulants and nootropics, or cognition enhancers. It describes how CNS stimulants produce generalized stimulation of the central nervous system and lists various convulsants, analeptics, and psychostimulants. Nootropics are meant to enhance cerebral functions like memory and are used to treat conditions like Alzheimer's disease, dementia, and learning defects. Common nootropics discussed include cholinergic activators like donepezil and rivastigmine, the NMDA antagonist memantine, and various other drugs like piracetam. Rivastigmine inhibits acetylcholinesterase to increase cholinergic transmission in the brain. Memantine
- Benign pituitary tumors are usually treated with hypophysectomy or radiation therapy. Preoperative care focuses on education and baseline assessments. Postoperative care involves neurological monitoring, checking for CSF leakage, restricting activities that increase intracranial pressure, and hormone replacement therapy. Nursing management aims to prevent complications and includes ongoing assessments, medication administration, skin care, and patient education.
Antidepressants are the second most prescribed medication in the US, with 15 million Americans affected by depression each year. Depression is treated through medications and therapy. Antidepressants work by adjusting neurotransmitter levels in the brain like serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine. Common classes include SSRIs, SNRIs, TCAs, and MAOIs. While effective, antidepressants can cause side effects like nausea, insomnia, sexual dysfunction, and increased suicide risk initially. Doctors closely monitor patients to improve treatment outcomes and safety.
Depression is a mental disorder and has become most common in recent years. This slide or presentation deals with all types of aetiologies of depression, theories that are involved in development of depression, pathophysiology of drepression, various classes anti-depressant their pharmacology with the adverse events or effects. This also gives a brief note on difference between depression and sadness.
This document provides an overview of depression, including its definition, types, epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, investigations, and treatment. Depression is a common mental disorder characterized by depressed mood and loss of interest or pleasure. It affects over 350 million people globally and is the leading cause of disability for those aged 15-44 in the U.S. Depression has genetic, environmental, biochemical, and physical illness-related causes and is treated through antidepressants, psychotherapy, lifestyle changes, and in severe cases, electroconvulsive therapy. The document covers various antidepressant classes and their mechanisms of action and side effects.
This document provides an overview of depression, including its definition, types, epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, investigations, and treatment. Depression is defined as a common mental disorder characterized by depressed mood, loss of interest, feelings of guilt, sleep disturbances, low energy, and poor concentration. Major types include major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, dysthymic disorder, and situational depression. Depression affects over 350 million people globally and is a leading cause of disability. Causes may include genetic, environmental, biochemical and neurological factors. Treatment involves antidepressant medications like SSRIs, TCAs, and MAOIs as well as psychotherapy and other non-pharmacological approaches.
This document provides an agenda and summaries for a class on drugs and society. It discusses the following topics:
- Stigma related to mental illness and its impacts
- Sedative-hypnotic drugs like barbiturates and benzodiazepines, their medical uses, dangers, and classifications
- Psychotherapeutic drugs used to treat mental disorders such as anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, and psychosis. It outlines several classes of antidepressants and mood stabilizers and their mechanisms and side effects.
- Specific mental disorders are defined including their diagnostic criteria and treatments. Videos are provided as examples.
Mood disorders:major depressive and bipolar disorderNandu Krishna J
a basic description about mood disorders mainly MDD and bipolar disorder. Can be made useful in presentations and theory exams. Subject was imbibed from different presentations and DSM IV manual. Thanks for viewing.
This document discusses various principles of raw food and natural health. It covers topics like enzymes, glycation end products, improving vision, microwaves, chlorophyll, young coconut water, cold water plunges, niacin, gray hair, wrinkles, aloe vera, exercise, chocolate, cumin, shiitakes, probiotics, hormones, preventing Alzheimer's, and the potential for living to 1000 years through reversing the effects of aging. Many foods, herbs, and lifestyle practices are presented as having anti-aging effects and benefits for overall health and wellness.
There are many legal liabilities a benefit plan administrator can face if he or she does not properly handle their plan. Here are the most important things to remember as you are acting as teh
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The document discusses how fat is stored in the body and ways to burn fat. It explains that excess glucose from carbohydrates that is not immediately used for energy is converted and stored as fat. When more glucose enters the bloodstream than the liver and muscles can store as glycogen, the liver converts it to fat and stores it in fat tissues. The document also outlines ways to burn fat, including exercising to use stored energy and minimizing excess glucose intake. It recommends weight training, interval training, and consuming foods that are low on the glycemic index, high in fiber and nutrients to help burn fat.
Wellspiration 1 - The most effective nutrition tips you've never heard ofYafa Sakkejha
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- Raw foods are more nutritious than cooked foods as they retain more vitamins, minerals, enzymes and phytonutrients. Cooking can result in up to 100% loss of some nutrients.
- Eating a carbohydrate-rich meal rather than a high-protein meal allows for more tryptophan to enter the brain and increase serotonin levels. Tryptophan must compete with other amino acids.
- Inflammation, stress, lack of nutrients, and allergies can all contribute to depression by impacting brain chemistry and function. Maintaining a diet of raw foods and avoiding animal products and dairy can help reduce these factors.
This document discusses principles of advanced raw food and orthomolecular medicine. It covers various topics related to mental health such as depression being a nutritional deficiency, the relationship between omega-3 fatty acids and depression, the role of probiotics and the gut-brain axis, the impact of sugar and hormones on mental health, and cases where nutritional interventions successfully treated conditions like anxiety and OCD in children. It also advertises custom wellness retreats and a newsletter.
Corporate Wellness - Presented by Beneplan & the House of VeronaYafa Sakkejha
The document describes a corporate wellness program called the House of Verona. It offers three levels of programming to support employee health and wellness. The basic Level 1 program includes motivational seminars, inspirational emails, and support groups. Level 2 adds nutritional consultations, team challenges, and after-work fitness clubs. The top Level 3 or "Business Class" program offers additional perks like health gift packages and access to nutritionists. The program aims to improve employee health outcomes, productivity, and reduce absenteeism through nutrition education, motivation, and developing healthy habits. Pricing is provided per employee per month.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
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Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdfJim Jacob Roy
Osteoporosis is an increasing cause of morbidity among the elderly.
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Travel vaccination in Manchester offers comprehensive immunization services for individuals planning international trips. Expert healthcare providers administer vaccines tailored to your destination, ensuring you stay protected against various diseases. Conveniently located clinics and flexible appointment options make it easy to get the necessary shots before your journey. Stay healthy and travel with confidence by getting vaccinated in Manchester. Visit us: www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
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The UK is currently facing a Adhd Medication Shortage Uk, which has left many patients and their families grappling with uncertainty and frustration. ADHD, or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, is a chronic condition that requires consistent medication to manage effectively. This shortage has highlighted the critical role these medications play in the daily lives of those affected by ADHD. Contact : +1 (747) 209 – 3649 E-mail : sales@trinexpharmacy.com
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Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptxAyeshaZaid1
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
1. Intro to Orthomolecular
Medicine
“An amazing number of people with anxiety-
depression lose their chronic fatigue, inertia
and depression when given proper nutritional
treatment.”
Dr Abram Hoffer MD PhD
2. Disclaimer
• We’re not trying to convince you to stop taking your
prescription medications
• That decision lies with you and your physician
• We must always take responsibility for our own
health
3. Bioindividuality
• One person is not the same as the other
• No one size fits all
• There is a connection between the physiology of the
body and the chemistry of the brain
4. What is Orthomolecular?
• Orthomolecular medicine, as conceptualized
by double-Nobel laureate Linus Pauling,
aims to restore the optimum environment of
the body by correcting imbalances or
deficiencies based on individual
biochemistry, using substances natural to the
body such as vitamins, minerals, amino acids,
trace elements and fatty acids.
5. Dr Abram Hoffer MD PhD
• Canadian Physician, Psychiatrist, Biochemist
• Discovered that nutrients and vitamins help heal
Schizophrenia
• Treated 10,000 schizophrenics in his life and 75% of
them recovered
7. Placebo or Not?
• Young adult prisoners who were given 1
multivitamin pill and 2 EFA supplements
were less violent
• 25mg of Zinc given to people on
antidepressants helped reduce their
depression moreso than antidepressants
alone
• “Nutritional deficiencies affect brain
function in every developmental stage of
life,” Dr Fernando Gomez-Pinilla
8. Myth of taking too much
vitamins
• In past 4 decades, handful of alleged deaths
from vitamins vs. hundreds of thousands of
deaths from prescription drugs – Src: The
Toxic Exposure Surveillance System
• “For decades, I have asked my students to
provide me with scientific evidence of a
confirmed death from any vitamin. I have
seen none to date.” Dr Abram Hoffer
9. What causes depression?
• Stress
• Death of a loved one / Divorce
• Disability
• Lack of social support
• Accident
• Loss of job
• Loss of personal dreams or goals
• Etc…
10. What causes depression?
• Biochemical factors
• Imbalances in neurotransmitters: serotonin,
norepinephrine, dopamine
• Can be due to deficiencies in amino acids/
vitamins/minerals/cofactors
• Physical factors%
• Co-occurring disorder (cancer, heart attack, pain,
stroke, Parkinson’s…)
12. Causes of depression: Overactive
immune system
• During prolonged infection or injury, chemicals called
proinflammatory cytokines, produced during the
inflammation process, can contribute to depression by causing
changes in neurotransmitters.
• Cytokines can also lead to deficiencies in neurotransmitters by
continually stimulating their release
• Several studies show high levels of proinflammatory cytokines
and low levels of anti inflammatory cytokines in people with
depression
• This and several other studies support the idea that depression
may be in some cases due to an overactive immune system
13. Genetic Factors
• Depression occurs at higher rates
in families where either a
grandparent or parent had
depression
• Personality traits such as anxiety
and neuroticism strongly correlate
with depression
14. Other links/causes
• Toxic metal buildup
• Hormonal imbalances
• Vitamin deficiencies
• Amino acid and fatty acid imbalances
• Low or high levels of minerals
• Parasites
• Food allergies (gluten, dairy, food dyes, etc)
• Imbalanced levels of digestive enzymes
• “Bad” bacteria, yeast or other flora in your intestines
15. Did you know…
• It’s illegal for drug companies to advertise
directly to consumers except in USA and NZ
• Nondepressed individuals accounted for
94% of new antidepressant use due to
direct-to-consumer advertising (Src Adam
Block, economist in U.S. Congress)
16. Side effects: risk of suicide and
worsening of depression
• In March 2004, FDA told manufacturers to add a warning
label to following drugs:
• Wellbutrin (bupropion)
• Prozac (fluoxetine) • Effexor (venlafaxine)
• Zoloft (sertraline) • Serzone (nefazodone)
• Remeron (mirtazapine)
• Paxil (paroxetine)
• Luvox (fluvoxamine)
• Celexa (citalopram)
• Lexapro (escitalopram)
17. Sugar
• Overconsumption of sugars and processed foods
exasperate depression
• White bread, pastries, breakfast cereal, crackers,
cakes, cookies, etc
• Downsides:
• Leech nutrients from the body
• Removes protein from the body
• Leads to negative moods, thoughts and nightmares
19. Vitamin A
• indirect impact on depression
• cofactor in the metabolism of essential fatty acids
• dark greens, cantaloupe, carrots, squash, sweet
potato, spirulina, blue green algae, wheatgrass,
barley grass
• highly rich in beta carotene and other cartenoids
20. B Vitamins
• Many of the Bs are critical for both mood and
energy regulation
• B1 (thiamine), B3 (niacin), B6 (pyridoxine), B9
(folate), B12 (cobalamin), Inositol
• Folic acid and B12 strongly linked to depression
• Refined sugar and carbs, alcohol, and prescriptions
deplete vitamin B stores
• Found in raw vegetables, greens, sprouted grains
21. B-Vitamins
• Young women who regularly take birth control pills
often deficient in Bs
• B6 increases mood of women on the pill
• Correcting a deficiency wards off sadness,
irritability, fatigue
22. • B-vitamins crucial for
• hormone secretion
• neurotransmitter production
• nerve transmission
• cellular metabolism
• preventing damage from cortisol
23. Dr Gabriel Cousens MD
• “in my experience, the B-complex vitamins have
more dramatic mood elevating effects than most
other nutrients”
• “various B-Vitamins are crucial for proper nerve
function and nerve cell metabolism, which produces
optimal neurotransmitter levels”
24. thiamine B1
• psychiatric patients admitted to hospitals have
abnormally low thiamine levels in blood
• vegetables, whole grains, nuts, seeds, legumes
25. riboflavin B2
• necessary for essential fatty acid metabolism
• improves energy production in brain ells
• whole grains, legumes, green leafy vegetables, beans
26. niacin B3
• regulates blood sugar
• crucial component of another B-complex vitamin,
NADH, which has prominent antidepressant effects
• indirect effect on serotonin
• body uses tryptophan to produce niacin
• long term deficiency = psychosis and dementia.
• sesame seeds, sunflower seeds, jungle peanuts,
brown rice, whole grains, barley, almonds
27. pantothenic acid B5
• forms coenzymes necessary for proper functioning
of essential fatty acids
• helps production of adrenal hormones
• thus, vital for anyone subject to extreme stress
• avocado, mushrooms, collard greens, sunflower
seeds, lentils, broccoli, brown rice
28. pyridoxine
• most dramatic mood elevating effects of all Bs
• correct brain metabolism dysfunctions that cause
depression
• heightens serotonin function through its ability to
slow the destruction of tryptophan in the brain
• acts as a cofactor for enzymes that convert
tryptophan to serotonin
• spinach, walnuts
29. Folate
• Journal of Clinical Psychiatry reported on a Harvard
study. 28 weeks of Prozac treatment, 40mg/day
• Relapse rate for patients with low folate levels were
42.9% (less than 2.5ng/mL)
• Relapse rate for patients with normal levels was
3.2%
• Hundreds of studies since 1970s reporting
relationship b/w folate and depression
30. Folate
• Folic acid is synthetic
• Serum folate is not an accurate measure
• Folate is the real one needed from food
• Destroyed through cooking & processing
• Synthetic supplements get stuck in the receptors
and block natural supplements from getting in
31. B12
• How much is too little?
• “I aggressively treat people with B12 levels of under
500pg.” Dr James Greenblatt MD
• Take methylcobalamin subcutaneously
• Deficiency more of an absorption issue
• Necessary for myelin sheath that insulates nerve
fibers
• Allows for the free flow of neurotransmitters
32. • Signs of B12 Deficiency
• Apathy
• Depression
• Memory loss
• Irritability
• Anxiety
• Clumsiness, Confusion
• Weakness
• Tremors
• GI Problems
• OCD
• Paranoid psychotic depression is sometimes
confused with a B12 deficiency
33. B12
• sea vegetables
• green and blue-green algae: spirulina, Klamath Lake
algae, chlorella
• bee pollen
• mushrooms
34. Inositol
• studies show beneficial effects for treating
depression, panic disorder, ADD, OCD
• “I see inositol lift depression in 5% of my patients”
Dr Cousens MD
• protects cell membranes from damage
• act as precursor for compounds that carry messages
in nervous system and brain
• citrus fruits, cantaloupe, nuts, beans, whole grains
35. Choline
• involved in the synthesis or release of certain
neurotransmitters
• when neurons are deprived of it, result may be
memory loss or mood disorders
• elevates mood, improves memory
• improves alertness and mental energy
• leafy greens, jungle peanuts, bee pollen
36.
37. Vitamin C
• Vitamin C is an anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory
agent
• Ascorbic acid is a pro-oxidant
• Must get a natural supplement derived from food
source, not one with synthetic ascorbic acid
• An important cofactor of serotonin, dopamine and
noradrenaline synthesis
• Strengthens adrenals and endocrine glands
Chronic treatment with ascorbic acid enhances cortical spreading depression in developing well-nourished and malnourished rats.
Department of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670901, Recife, PE, Brazil. rc.guedes@terra.com.br
38. Vitamin C
• “95% of my clients with depression require
additional vitamin C.” Dr Gabriel Cousens MD
• green and red peppers, strawberries, broccoli,
brussels sprouts, cauliflower, greens, camu camu
berry, sauerkraut, sprouted chickpeas
39. Vitamin C
• Highly linked to depression
• Every medical textbook until a few years ago indicated that
one of the most common effects of inadequate vitamin C is
depression (Src Dr Hugh Riordan MD)
• Dr Riordan had a patient who was profoundly depressed
• 3 years psychotherapy
• Fatigue, barely able to function
• Blood test showed no detectible vitamin C
• Given 500mg of C per day (not much!)
• After couple weeks, she thought a miracle occurred
• 30% of new admissions to health centres with a diagnosis
of depression has low plasma vitamin C levels
40. Vitamin D
• Patients suffering from SAD (seasonal affective
disorder) have been found to be low in Vit D
• Mood stabilizer
• Vitamin D3 is synthesized in skin from its precursor
• UV-dependent
• More needed in the winter
41. Vitamin D
• Influences the growth and regulation of every cell in
the body
• 41% to 57% of the population are deficient
• Minimum 30 mins of sunshine needed - ideally
avoiding the noon hours.
42. Vitamin E
• protects neurons from free radical damage
• low levels of vitamin E can quickly limit serotonin
activity
• major protect of brain cell membranes
• helps slow Alzheimer’s
• vegetable oils, dark leafy greens, whole grains, nuts,
seeds, legumes
44. • Low bloodwith depressionhave been
associated
levels of EFAs
• The brainand glucoseand uses 20% of body’s
nutrients
is 60% fat
supply
• Brain is most metabolically active organ in
body
• Omega 3s: DHA, EPA, Linolenic acid
• Flaxseed (linseed) oil
• Green leafy vegetables
• Walnuts, sprouted chia seeds, sprouted flax
• Linolenic acid slowly converted into DHA and
EPA in the body
• Needed for growth, integrity ofin the body
membranes, in many reactions
cell
45. EFAs
• Made in cold-climate plants: more resistant to
freezing
• Lower melting point – liquid at room temp
• Highly reactive
• Must be in balance with Omega 6s in body
• Omega 3 highly lacking in an average diet
• Modern diet contains barely 20% of omega 3s
needed
46. EFAs
• 81 adolescents with sub-threshold psychosis (lost
touch with reality, schizotypical)
• Supplemented with 1.2g omega 3 fatty acids or
placebo daily for 12 weeks
• After 40 weeks
• 5% in omega 3 group developed psychosis
• 28% in placebo group developed psychosis
Src: Archives of General Psychiatry
47. EFAs
• Takes about 10 weeks with Omega
3 fatty acid supplementation to see
an effect on the brain
48. E3Live
• 100% AFA, an edible blue-green algae
• Wild harvested from Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon
• Highest concentration of chlorophyll and protein
• 22 amino acids including 8 essential
• Easily digested, rapid absorption
49. E3Live
• Contains phenylethylamine (PEA), which enhances
concentration and attention.
• PEA is a natural mood elevator and anti-depressant.
50. E3Live
• Contains a complete balance of vitamins
except for vitamins D and E
• Contains almost every mineral in trace
amounts
• Chlorophyll Content per 10 grams
AFA Algae 300 mg
Spirulina 115 mg
Chlorella 280 mg
Barley Grass 149 mg
Wheat Grass 55mg
52. E3Live
•“Within an hour of taking
E3Live, my suicidal
thoughts went away for
the first time in months.”
34, Female, Toronto
53. • "I personally consume fresh-frozen, liquid E3Live
daily and consider it to be one of nature's most
beneficial superfoods.
• It provides 64 easily absorbed vitamins, minerals
and enzymes, as well as providing antioxidants and
valuable protein.
• If you think of your body's constitution like the
foundation of a house, with all its cracks and
crevices, you can think of E3Live as being able to fill
in those nutritional cracks and crevices to give you
superior health.
• We here at Hippocrates consider it the most vital
wild-grown foundational food on Earth.”
• Src Dr. Brian Clement ND PhD
54. E3Live
• "I take it myself daily.
• E3Live and E3 BrainON® offer specific benefits to
the nervous system and brain function.
• I've had people who have been depressed for years
and years, and literally, within a few days after
receiving E3 BrainON®, their depression lifts.
• This is because E3Live® gets to the root of helping
heal the addictive brain chemistry that underlies a
lot of depression.” Dr. Gabriel Cousens, MD,
MD(H)
55. • “My staff and I noticed a leap in
our stamina during our workouts,
an incredible boost in our mental
clarity and ability to stay focused,
and a decrease in our appetite.
• Our patients have commented
that they are losing cravings for
"the bad foods" as they continue
to drink E3Live®.” Dr. Baxter D.
Montgomery, MD
56. E3Live
• Study: Favorable Effects of Blue-Green AlgaeAphanizomenon flos-aquae on Rat
Plasma Lipids
Kushak RI, Drapeau C, Van Cott EM. JANA. 2000;2(3):59-65.
• ABSTRACT
• Background:
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are essential for human health. There are indications
that the lipid fraction of blue-green algae Aphanizomenon flos-aquaecontains
about 50% of PUFA and may be a good dietary source of PUFA. The purpose of
this study was to investigate the effect of diets fooded with algae on blood plasma lipids.
• Methods:
Rats were fed with four different semisynthetic diets: i) standard, with 5% soybean oil; ii)
PUFA-free with 5% coconut oil; iii) PUFA-free with 10% algae; iv) PUFA-free with 15%
algae. After 32 days the levels of plasma fatty acids, triglycerides and cholesterol were
studied.
• Results:
Rats fed the PUFA-free diet demonstrated an absence of linolenic acid (LNA) in plasma;
however, supplementation with algae resulted in the same level of LNA as controls, an
57. E3Live
• "I was taking 7 different medications for bi-polar
disorder. As a result of these anti-depressants, I
went from a size 10 to a size 18 in six months. I tried
for 2 years to get the weight off. Nothing happened.
After just a few days of taking E3Live®, I went from
being seriously depressed to the world suddenly
being a wonderful place.
Two weeks later, I had lost 13 pounds, with a total of
40 pounds in 3 months. I haven't been on any
medication for depression since.” Debra Belton-
Harkley
58. E3Live
• Fantastic for depressive symptoms and various other
psychological disorders. If my clients are not on
E3live, then I recommend Brain On."
• — Dr. Cinzia Genuardi, N.D., BSc.
59. Rancidity of oils
• When oils are heated or exposed to high amounts of
light and oxygen, they turn rancid
• Healthy “cis” shaped fat molecules turn into
extremely unhealthy “trans” shared fat molecules
(trans fat)
• Anything in a package has trans fat...hydrogenated
oils or a fat that was heated in processing
60. Rancidity of oils
• Products with 0.0g of trans fat actually probably
contain under 500mg of trans fat per label laws
• Keep liquid oils away from heat
• Never heat a liquid oil in cooking
• Use only coconut oil in cooking - it’s solid at room
temp, liquid at cooking temp
• Rancid oils damage organs, proliferate disease,
prevent weight loss
61. Zinc
• “Zinc is the new prozac” Dr James Greenblatt
MD
• Majority of enzymes in the brain are zinc dependant
• You need zinc to help serotonin convert to
melatonin
• Best zinc supplements are liquid form
• Too much zinc supplementation copper
deficiency
62. Zinc
• Keeps immune system strong
• Keeps memory sharp
• Important role in production of
neurotransmitters
• Involved in at least 100 enzyme systems in the
brain alone
• Low levels have been linked to major depression
• Supplemental zinc has antidepressant effect
• Zinc supplementation significantly reduces
depression in people who had not been helped
by antidepressants in the past
• Every depressed patient should be tested for
zinc deficiency
63. Copper
• You need copper to make dopamine into
noradrenaline
• However, high copper can make someone with
anxiety more irritable, aggressive, or hyper
• Low copper can lead to depression
• Get a lot of copper from every day sources
(pollution)
64. Magnesium
• Humans are most likely to be deficient in
magnesium
• Magnesium deficiency can trigger mental health
problems (depression, insomnia, anxiety, apathy,
irritability, nervousness, migraines)
• “In my own practice, magnesium
supplementation has been invaluable in
relieving the insomnia and anxiety often
associated with depression.” Dr James
Greenblatt MD
65. Magnesium
• whole grains, nuts, seeds, kelp and other sea veg
• almonds, black eyed peas, avocados, oatmeal
• apples, beets, figs, lentils, grapefruit
• spirulina, chlorella
• processed foods have lower magnesium contents
66. Calcium
• necessary for smooth functioning of nervous system
• sufficient serotonin activity
• prevention of irritability and depression
• kelp, almonds, kale, collards, sesame seeds, beans
• pasteurization reduces calcium absorption
• soft drinks, meat, and other acid foods reduces
bodily levels of calcium
67. Iron
• dairy foods inhibit iron absorption
• vitamin C supplements enhance absorption
• anemia an lead to fatigue, lethargy and other
depression symptoms
• cofactor in process by which tyrosine is metabolized
into L-dopa and dopamine
• kelp, pumpkin seeds, sesame seeds, sunflower seeds,
almonds, cashews, raisins
• whole grains, legumes, dark greens
68. Selenium
• elevates mood
• decreases anxiety
• low levels linked to symptoms of depression/anxiety
• seafoods most reliable source because don’t know if
it’s in the soil
69. Chromium
• controls hunger and weight
• reduces body fat
• high amounts can reverse atypical depression
• allows glucose to enter cells when insulin is present
• whole grains
• rare in foods: must supplement 100mcg to 500mcg
70. Acne
• Both skin and nervous from a common tissue during
structures (originating
system are ectodermal
embryonic development)
• Have similar nutritional needs
• Many psychiatric patients have skin problems
• Patients who recover on orthomolecular see their
skin issues go away
• “Severe to moderate acne and psychiatric
symptoms are both the result of malnutrition.
Orthomolecular treatment removed both the acne
and the depression.” Dr Hoffer.
71. Amino Acids
• Amino acids are necessary for synthesis
of all major neurotransmitters
• Tryptophan --> Serotonin
• Phenylalanine --> Dopamine
• Noradrenaline
• GABA
• SAMe
• Glutamate
• Need strongdown to digest protein,&
this is worn
HCl
due to poor diet
but
antacids
72. Neurotransmitters
• Essential for good mood
• Serotonin
• Dopamine
• Adrenaline
• Noradrenaline
• Messengers between nerve cells (neurons)
• Chemicals that cross the gap (synapse) between 2
ends of nerve fibres or between neurons and muscle
cells
• At the targetacell, the neurotransmitter is received
and binds to protein receptor
73. Neurotransmitters
• When neurotransmitter molecules activate a critical
mass of receptors, the receiving nerve initiates an
electrical impulse
• Those that aren’t destroyed by enzymes or blocked
(ex. By drugs) can be reabsorbed at the original
neuron.
• They can then be sent back across the synapse to
help initiate another impulse
• Messages are transferred
74. Neurotransmitters
• Tryptophan is the precursor to serotonin and
melatonin
• In any normal diet, tryptophan is the least available.
9:1 other aminos to tryptophan.
• Tryptophan depletion in studies has a mood
lowering effect
75. Serotonin
• Diverse & complex effects on the heart, intestines,
blood vessels, other organs
• 95% of serotonin is synthesized in the gut. 5% is
synthesized and stored in the brain.
• You have 100 million neurons in your gut! Small
intestine. “Trust your gut feeling.”
• Src: Dr Patrick Holford MD
• In the November 26, 2008 issue of "Cell," Dr. Gerard Karsenty of
the Columbia University research group discovered that a gene in
the gut, Lrp5, controlled serotonin synthesis.
76. Serotonin
• Extra serotonin in the brain may help to alleviate
pain
• Primary activator of pleasure in the brain
• Feelings of:
• emotional stability
• well-being
• personal security
• relaxation
• calmness
• tranquility
• confidence
77. Serotonin
• Low serotonin linked to
• depression and anxiety
• appetite (cravings for sweets & carbs)
• OCD (part of brain that controls voluntary
movements)
• Dietary sources of serotonin not as important as
serotonin manufactured in the body
• Tryptophan --> 5HTP --> Serotonin
78. Serotonin
• B3 is a cofactor of 5HTP synthesis
• B6 is most critical cofactor of serotonin synthesis
• Vitamin C a cofactor of serotonin synthesis
• Doesn’t matter how much 5HTP you supplement
with -- if there’s not enough B6, it won’t convert
80. Dopamine
• Signs of deficiency
• anxiety
• low self esteem
• lack of libido
• fatigue
• eating disorders
• cravings for carbs and sugar
• impatience and impulsiveness
• Crucial role in elevating the mood
81. Dopamine
• Generates feelings of pleasure & euphoria
• Encourages assertiveness
• Vital for short-term memory, concentration and
learning
• Boosts secretion of growth hormone and promotes
the body’s ability to repair damaged cells
• Phenylalanine --> Tyrosine --> Dopa --> Dopamine
82. What causes a dopamine
deficiency?
• Use of alcohol or recreational drugs
• Caffeine, sugar
• Nicotine
• Amphetamines, Opiates, Cocaine
• Addiction partly due to repeated use of a substance,
causing a decrease in the # of dopamine receptors
• Research found that recovering cocaine addicts
much less able to process glucose in brain (glucose is
brain’s main fuel)
83. Dopamine
• Studies show it’s possible to repair dopamine
pathways that have been harmed by drugs, poor
diet, stress
• Can reactivate brain’s pleasure centers
• Brain can rebuild with proper nutrition
84. Noradrenaline
• Controls heart rate and blood pressure
• Factor in how quickly glucose is converted to energy
• Factor in how body responds to stress and anxiety
• Phenylalanine --> Tyrosine --> Dopa --> Dopamine
--> Noradrenaline
• Can be further metabolized into adrenaline
85. Noradrenaline
• Noradrenaline may be more of a factor when
depression is melancholic rather than manic
• Too much noradrenaline activity:
• nervousness
• restlessness
• difficulty falling asleep
• weight loss
• (similar to pattern of mania)
86. Signs of Noradrenaline
Deficiency
• Lack of energy
• Reduced libido
• Sluggish thinking
• Lack of enthusiasm
87. Glutamine: Brain Fuel
• Cabbage juice especially rich in glutamine
• Important in protein metabolism
• Crucial for optimal brain function
• Stimulating or “excitatory” neurotransmitter
• Beneficial effect on mood and energy
• Although brain’s main fuel is glucose, it doesn’t store
glucose in large quantities.
• Without sufficient glutamine, the brain can only
shuffle along at a fraction of its capacity
89. GABA
• Nonessential amino acid (neurotransmitter)
• Opposite effects as glutamine
• Prevents nerve cells from firing too quickly
• Slows things down, inhibits message transmission,
leads to you feeling calmer
• Reduces anxiety
90. GABA
• Formed in body from amino acid glutamate
• ...With help(Vitamin B6) such as Vitamin C and
pyridoxine
of cofactors
• Too much GABA
• sluggish thinking
• extreme sleepiness
• memory problems
• GABA overactivity more likely to cause anxiety
depression than GABA deficiency
91. GABA Deficiency
• frequently nervous and anxious
• panic attacks
• exhaustion from stress
• excessive stress reactions from normal situations
92. Antacid Use
• Pepto bismol, milk of magnesia, Alka-seltzer,
Maalox, Tums, Mylanta
• Depletes HCl in the stomach
• Leads to low levels of amino acids
• Aminoto depression
linked
acids are precursors to neurotransmitters
• Sometimes depression is a chronic digestion issue
first and foremost
• Probiotics, digestive enzymes, and fermented foods
are therefore essential
93. Amino Acids
• 10 females with a history of bulimia vs 12 healthy
controls
• 7 hours following administration of an amino acid
mixture, study subjects with a history of bulimia had
more increased ratings of their body image concern.
• Subjective loss of control of eating following
drinking a tryptophan-free mixture.
94. Digestion
• For your body to make HCl, you need zinc and B-
vitamins
• Stress interferes with HCl production
• Green smoothies help body to create HCl
• HCl supplements available
• Fermented foods
• Kombucha, kimchi, sauerkraut, natto, miso,
tempeh, pickles
• Probiotics
• Digestive Enzymes
95. Digestion
• “Sciencebrain’ producing neurotransmitters, such acts like a
‘second
is discovering that the digestive system
as
serotonin, hormones and immune-transmitters, called
cytokines, that literally cross-talk with the brain.”
• Our gut bacteria affect our mood.
• We have more bacteria in the vitalthan proper immunity.
body, and they are absolutely
gut
for
cells in our entire
• Probiotics help signal to the brain to calm down, reducing
stress reactions.
• Research hasto improve mood in those who are prone to
been shown
found that supplementing probiotics has
depression.
• Src Dr Patrick Holford MD
96. Cholesterol
• Cholesterol is essential for good mental
health
• Low levels associated with heightenedbeingof
developing major depressive disorder,
risk
hospitalized and an increased death from
suicide
• Depressed than 165mg/dL) were 7x more
levels (less
men with low total cholesterol
likely to die prematurely from unnatural
causes such as suicide & accidents
97. Cholesterol
• Low cholesterol decreases the # of serotonin
receptors in the brain
• Decreasing the number of serotonin receptors may
lead to decreases in serotonin levels
98. Statins
• Statins are #1 prescribed med in U.S.
• Antidepressants are #2
• Significant link between low cholesterol and depression,
anxiety, mood and memory
• “Statins can cause depression” Dr James Greenblatt MD
• Post mortems on suicide cases: dissect brain and find much
lower cholesterol levels than average
99. Dr Duane Graveline MD
• Astronaut with NASA
• Doctor of Aerospace Medicine
• Flight surgeon
• When put on statins, he
developed transient global
amnesia and couldn’t recognize
his family
• Recovered after stopping his
medication
• NASA physicians prescribed half
the dose, but amnesia returned
• Now completely off statins
100. SSRIs
• 1/3 of the negative trials submitted to the FDA were
never published
• Actual number of positive studies are 50%
• Half of antidepressant trials failed to show a benefit
that exceeded that of a placebo
• If someone goes to a doctor, and the doctor gives
them a Tic Tac and says “this’ll help your
depression,” 50% of the time, it’ll work!
101. Short term fix
• Why are depression and suicide a side effect of
SSRIs?
• Chronic SSRI use chronic down-regulating
your body learns not to produce your own
neurotransmitters anymore. No need.
102. Withdrawal
• Can’t just stop antidepressants cold
• Withdrawal effects
• Taper off slowly by introducing nutrients and
amino acids gradually
• Never literature but it’s serotonin syndrome
in the
been a report of
theoretical
• Serotonin syndrome happens in hospitals
with multiple or psychiatric drugs – not with
natural supplements like 5HTP mixing with
just one antidepressant.