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Appetite Stimulant And Suppressants.pptx
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- 2. Appetite • Appetite isthe desire to eat food, felt as hunger. • Appetite exists in all higher life-forms, and serves to regulate adequate energy intake to maintain metabolic needs. • It is regulated by a close interplay between the digestive tract, adipose tissue and the brain.
- 3. What causes adecrease in appetite? • Some of the most common reasons for a decrease in appetite include: psychological disorders, such as stress, depression, and anxiety • Cancer • gastrointestinal disorders, such as peptic ulcer disease, GERD, and ulcerative colitis • chronic diseases, such as COPD, cystic fibrosis, and Parkinson's disease some chronic infections, such as HIV • medications, such as chemotherapy, laxatives, and amphetamines • slowed metabolism • decrease in activity level • Hormonal Change
- 4. APPETITE STIMULANTS • Definition; They are medication, supplements, agents or any other substances that increases person's 'hunger' feeling • They increase 'Hungry' • They Enhance Food Consumption • Also called as 'Appetisers' or 'Orexigenics’ • it can be beneficial for purpose, especially when the patient is suffering from • severe appetite loss or muscle wasting due to cystic fibrosis, anorexia, old age, cancer or AIDS'
- 5. Classification Appetite stimulants areclassified as follows : SUPPLEMENTS 1. Zinc 2. Fish 3. Thiamine # Supplements # Drug Therapies
- 6. DRUG THERAPIES 1) 5-HT₂CReceptor Antagonists/Inverse Agonists: Mirtazapine, Olanzapine,Quetiapine, Amitriptyline, Cyproheptadine, and Lurasidone. 2) H₁-Receptor Antagonists/Inverse Agonists: Mirtazapine, Olanzapine,Quetiapine, Amitriptyline, Cyproheptadine, and Pizotifen. 3) Dopamine Antagonists: Haloperidol, Risperidone, and Quetiapine. 4) Adrenergic Antagonists i) -Blockers: Propranolol ii) 2-Adrenergic Antagonists: Mirtazapine and Mianserin iii) Mixed /-blockers: Carvedilol iv) 2-Adrenergic Agonists: Clonidine
- 7. 5) CB, ReceptorAgonists (Cannabinoids): THC/dronabinol (a Component Of Cannabis) and Nabilone. 6) Corticosteroids: Dexamethasone, Prednisone, and Hydrocortisone i) Pregnene Steroids: Megestrol acetate and Medroxyprogesterone acetate. ii) Anabolic Steroids: Oxandrolone, Testosterone. 7) Synthetic Antidiabetic Drugs: Glibenclamide, Chlorpropamide, Tolbutamide 8) Moods Stabilisers: Lithium
- 9. Zinc # A zincdeficiency can cause taste & appetite changes. # A zinc supplement or multi-vitamine containing zinc should be safe for most adults.
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- 11. Thiamine •A deficiency ofthiamine, also know vitamin B₁ Can Cause ; •Increases resting energy expenditure. •Increases appetite •Increases weight loss
- 12. • Dronabinol orMarinol is a cannabinoid, a synthetic form of cannabis,used to treat appetite in people with AIDS & to treat Severe nausea & vomiting caused by Cancer chemotherapy.
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- 14. Use: • Weight gainin cancer-related anorexia patients Side Effects: • Light headedness • Sleepiness • Blurred vision • Can't think clearly • Dizziness • Sedation • Fatigue • Hallucinations
- 15. Oxandrolone Oxandrolone is a orallyadministered, anabolic - androgenic Steroid approved by FDA for weight gain following disease related weight loss.
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- 17. Use: • Treats wastingin AIDS & Cachexia in Cancer Side Effects : • Carpal tunnel syndrome • Headache • Arthralgias • Myalgias, & gynecomastia • Risk of prostate hyperplasia, fluid retention, and transaminase elevations
- 18. APPETITE SUPPRESSANT • Itis a drug which reduces appetite, resulting in lower food consumption, leading to weight loss • Medications classified as appetite suppressants act upon the body's central nervous system ,tricking the body into believing that it is not hungry. • Also called as 'Anorexients' or 'Anorectic' or 'Anorexigenic' • Supresses the 'Hungry or 'Appetite • Used to manage obesity that results from excess intake of food • Used to loose weight
- 19. • Appetite Suppressantsare used as a short term treatment for patients with obesity. Appetite-Suppressants Reduce hunger through 1. Affects certain neurotransmitters to decrease appetite 2 Increases heart rate and blood pressure 3. Increases serotonin and catecholamine levels
- 20. Classification 1.Centrally acting adrenergic agents:Benzphetamine, phentermine, diethylpropion, mazidal phendimetrazine, phenylpropanolamine. 2.Serotonergic agents: Dexfenfluramine, Fenfluramine, Floxetine 3.Adrenergic-serotonergic agents: Sibutramine
- 21. Centrally Acting Drugs MechanismOf Action
- 22. OTHER EFFECTS: •The Sympathomimetic appetite Suppressants Produces CNS stimulation & elevation of B.P SIDE EFFECTS: •Increased Heart rate •Increased B.P •Sweating & constipation
- 23. SEROTONERGIC AGENTS This classof drugs act by enhancing 5-HT levels in brain, by stimulating their release and reducing reuptake. Fenfluramine • Fenfluramine in combination with phenteramine is widely used as an anti obesity medication. This combination is known as "FEN-PHEN". • It is found to be effective in the management of exogenous obesity and as an adjunct in the treatment of weight reduction based on caloric restriction. • Most common adverse effects of fenfluramine includes drowsiness, diarrhoea and dry mouth. • It is no longer used because of wide profile of unwanted effects which include heart valve disease, pulmonary hypertension and cardiac fibrosis.
- 24. ADRENERGIC - SEROTONERGICAGENTS This class of drugs exhibit their action by inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine. Sibutramine • Sibutramine exerts its action by inhibiting the reuptake of the neurotransmitters like serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine leading to enhanced levels of the neurotransmitters in the synaptic cleft. Enhanced level of neurotransmitters stimulates satiety centre. Anorexiant effect of sibutramine is due to its serotonergic action. • It is rapidly metabolized by cytochrome P450 Isozyme CYP3A4 to yield secondary (M1) and primary (M2) metabolites which are pharmacologically active in nature.
- 25. • Side effectsinclude headache, insomnia, dry mouth, nausea, constipation, tachycardia, rise in BP and rarely arrhythmias. • It is contraindicated in uncontrolled hypertension, stroke, hepatic failure and obesity of endocrine and psychiatric origin.