9.ANTIPROTOZOAL DRUGS

9.ANTIPROTOZOAL DRUGS

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  BYBY Dr.Dr. SAMINATHAN KAYAROHANAMSAMINATHANKAYAROHANAM M.PHARM, M.B.A, PhDM.PHARM, M.B.A, PhD ANTIPROTOZOAL DRUGS 1 9
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  2 NUM CONTENT SLIDE 1INTRODUCTION TO ANTIPROTOZOAL INFECTIONS 4 2 WHO IS A PARASITE? 5 3 INTRODUCTION TO AMOEBA 6 4 CLASSIFICATION OF ANTIPROTOZOAL DRUGS 7 ,8 5 THE COURSE OF AMOEBIASIS DUE TO ENTAMOEBA ISTOLYTICA 9 6 LIFE CYCLE OF ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA 10 7 LIFE CYCLE OF THE MALARIAL PARASITE 11,12 8 TREATMENT AND PREVENTION OF MALARIA 13 9 ACTION OF CHLOROQUINE ON THE FORMATION OF HEMOZOIN BY PLASMODIUM SPECIES 14 10 ADVERSE EFFECTS OF METRONIDAZOLE AND CHLOROQUINE 15 2
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  3 LEARNING OUTCOME 1. Ableto understand the infectious diseases of parasite. 2. Able to list the classification of antiprotozoal drugs . 3. Able to describe the life cycle of Entamoeba Histolytica and life cycle of malarial parasite 4. Abele to demonstrate the general mechanism of antiprotozoal drugs . 5. Able to understand the adverse effect of metronidazole and chloroquine.
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  4 Predator. “An organismthat eats more than one other organism (animal) during its life.” Usually larger than prey (exception: social predators). Parasite. “An organism that lives at the expense of another (host), which it does not usually kill.” Usually smaller than host. Parasitoid. “A parasite that kills its host.” Usually smaller than host. 1. INTRODUCTION TO ANTIPROTOZOAL INFECTIONS 4 4 Dr.K.Saminathan.M.Pharm, M.B.A, Ph.D
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  2.WHO IS APARASITE? Parasites are usually much smaller than their hosts, they also do not kill before they eat. 5 5 Dr.K.Saminathan.M.Pharm, M.B.A, Ph.D
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  3.INTRODUCTION TO AMOEBA Entamoebahistolytica Amoebic dysentery Naegleria primary amoebic meningoencephalitis Acanthamoeba contact lens contaminant 6 Figure 12.18a • Protozoa with no truly defined shape • Move and acquire food through the use of pseudopodia • Found in water sources throughout the world • Few cause disease 6 Dr.K.Saminathan.M.Pharm, M.B.A, Ph.D
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  7 4. CLASSIFICATION OFANTIPROTOZOAL DRUGS 7 Dr.K.Saminathan.M.Pharm, M.B.A, Ph.D
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  8 4.PRINCIPAL PROTOZOAL INFECTIONSAND COMMON DRUG TREATMENTS 8Dr.K.Saminathan.M.Pharm, M.B.A, Ph.D
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  5.THE COURSE OFAMOEBIASIS DUE TO ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA 9 9 Dr.K.Saminathan.M.Pharm, M.B.A, Ph.D
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  10 6.LIFE CYCLE OFENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA 10 Dr.K.Saminathan.M.Pharm, M.B.A, Ph.D
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  11 7.LIFE CYCLE OFTHE MALARIAL PARASITE 11 Dr.K.Saminathan.M.Pharm, M.B.A, Ph.D
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  Figure 12.19 Infected mosquitobites human; sporozoites migrate through bloodstream to liver of human Sporozoites undergo schizogony in liver cell; merozoites are produced Merozoites released into bloodsteam from liver may infect new red blood cells Merozoites are released when red blood cell ruptures; some merozoites infect new red blood cells, and some develop into male and female gametocytes 1 2 3 4 6 Asexual reproduction Intermediate host Merozoite develops into ring stage in red blood cell Ring stage Merozoites Another mosquito bites infected human and ingests gametocytes 7 5 Ring stage grows and divides, producing merozoites Definitive host In mosquito’s digestive tract, gametocytes unite to form zygote 8 Male gametocyte Female gametocyte Zygote Sexual reproduction Resulting sporozoites migrate to salivary glands of mosquito 9 Sporozoites in salivary gland 7.LIFE CYCLE OF THE MALARIAL PARASITE 12 12 Dr.K.Saminathan.M.Pharm, M.B.A, Ph.D
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  13 8.TREATMENT AND PREVENTIONOF MALARIA 13 Dr.K.Saminathan.M.Pharm, M.B.A, Ph.D
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  14 9.ACTION OF CHLOROQUINEON THE FORMATION OF HEMOZOIN BY PLASMODIUM SPECIES 14 Dr.K.Saminathan.M.Pharm, M.B.A, Ph.D
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  15 ADVERSE EFFECTS OF METRONIDAZOLEADVERSE EFFECTS CHLOROQUINE 10.ADVERSE EFFECTS OF METRONIDAZOLE AND CHLOROQUINE 15 Dr.K.Saminathan.M.Pharm, M.B.A, Ph.D