intro to mycology.pptx
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This document discusses fungi and mycology. It covers the characteristics of fungi, including that they are eukaryotic and have cell walls containing chitin. It also describes the morphological, systemic, and pathogenic classifications of fungi. The morphological classification includes yeasts, yeast-like fungi, filamentous molds, and dimorphic fungi. The document outlines methods for laboratory diagnosis of fungal infections, including microscopy, culture, serology, and molecular methods. It also mentions some anti-fungal agents but does not provide details.
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This document discusses mycology, which is the study of fungi. It describes the key characteristics of fungi and how they differ from bacteria. Some of the major types of fungi are yeasts, molds, and dimorphic fungi, which can exist in both yeast and mold forms. Fungal diseases are classified as superficial mycoses, mucocutaneous mycoses, subcutaneous mycoses, and deep mycoses. Common fungal infections in humans include candidiasis, dermatophytosis, and various respiratory fungal infections.
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This document provides an overview of mycology, including the characteristics of yeasts and molds, appropriate specimen collection and transport for fungal cultures, common fungal culture media, and methods for identifying fungi from cultures and direct specimens. It focuses on dimorphic fungi that can cause systemic infections like Histoplasma capsulatum, Blastomyces dermatitidis, and Coccidioides immitis. Key details on Histoplasma capsulatum morphology, disease, diagnostics, and growth at different temperatures are provided.
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intro to mycology.pptx
- 1. Universities Press © Universities Press (India) Private Limited MEDICAL MYCOLOGY Dr. Vaishali
- 2. Universities Press © Universities Press (India) Private Limited MYCOLOGY Mycology – a branch of Microbiology that deals with the study of fungi Characteristics of fungus • Eukaryotes • Cell wall contains chitin and mannan • Cytoplasmic membrane contains sterols • Divide asexually, sexually or by both methods • May be unicellular or multicellular
- 3. Universities Press © Universities Press (India) Private Limited CLASSIFICATION OF FUNGI Morphological classification (Continued…
- 4. Universities Press © Universities Press (India) Private Limited Morphological classification …Continues)
- 5. Universities Press © Universities Press (India) Private Limited CLASSIFICATION OF FUNGI Morphologic classification • Yeast: Unicellular – Cryptococcus • Yeast-like: Unicellular, forms pseudo hyphae – Candida • Filamentous fungi or moulds: Multicellular – composed of hyphae – Aspergillus • Dimorphic: Multicellular with hyphae, filamentous at 22°C and yeast forms at 37°C – Histoplasma
- 6. Universities Press © Universities Press (India) Private Limited CLASSIFICATION OF FUNGI Systemic classification (Continued…
- 7. Universities Press © Universities Press (India) Private Limited Systemic classification …Continues)
- 8. Universities Press © Universities Press (India) Private Limited CLASSIFICATION OF FUNGI Systemic classification 1. Phycomycetes: Lower fungi, non-septate hyphae, sporangia with sporangiospores 2. Ascomycetes: Yeast and filamentous fungi 3. Basidiomycetes: Forms sexual spores on basidium – basidiospores 4. Deuteromycetes or fungi Imperfecti: Sexual phase not identified – medically important fungi
- 9. Universities Press © Universities Press (India) Private Limited CLASSIFICATION OF FUNGI Pathogenic classification • Primarily pathogenic: Causes infection in healthy individuals – Histoplasma capsulatum • Opportunistic pathogens: Causes infection only in immunosuppressed – Mucor, Rhizopus
- 10. Universities Press © Universities Press (India) Private Limited PATHOGENICITY • Tissue invasion – Superficial mycoses – Cutaneous mycoses – Subcutaneous OR Deep mycoses • Mycotoxicosis: - Aflatoxin and ergotoxin. • Hypersensitivity (allergic) reaction – Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis – Allergic fungal rhino sinusitis
- 11. Universities Press © Universities Press (India) Private Limited LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS OF FUNGAL INFECTION • Specimen collection – from affected site – in deep infections, blood • Direct microscopy – 10% potassium hydroxide (KOH) – skin scrapings – Gram stain – Candida – India ink – Cryptococcus – Lactophenol cotton blue(LPCB) – hyphae in fungal culture, tease mount
- 12. Universities Press © Universities Press (India) Private Limited
- 13. Universities Press © Universities Press (India) Private Limited LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS OF FUNGAL INFECTION • Culture – Sabouraud’s dextrose agar pH 5.4, bird seed agar,corn meal agar. – Cycloheximide to prevent contaminant moulds. – Morphology study in tease mount, – cellophane mounts or slide culture • Serology – Antibody or antigen detection – Skin tests using antigens • Molecular methods – Nucleic acid hybridisation – Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
- 14. Universities Press © Universities Press (India) Private Limited SDA agar without growth SDA agar with growth
- 15. Universities Press © Universities Press (India) Private Limited ANTI-FUNGAL AGENTS Anti-fungal agents … Continued)