This document discusses several types of mycoplasma bacteria. It describes their morphology, cultural characteristics, and the diseases they cause. The most common pathogenic mycoplasma are M. pneumoniae, M. hominis, M. urealyticum, and M. genitalium. M. pneumoniae causes atypical pneumonia. M. hominis and M. urealyticum can cause infections in the urogenital tract and lead to infertility. M. genitalium is associated with urethritis and pelvic inflammatory disease. Laboratory diagnosis involves culture studies, biochemical studies, and serological tests like complement fixation and ELISA. Tetracycline and erythromycin are commonly used for treatment

1. MYCOPLASMA
RATHEESH R.L

3. MORPHOLOGY
• They are pleomorphic, spherical in shape
• Size varies from 125-250nm to 500-1000nm in
diameter.

4. CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS
• They are facultative anaerobes
• Grows maximum in the temperature of 35-37
degree Celsius
• Grows best in media containing 30% ascetic
fluids and 20% hourse or human serum.

5. PATHOGENESIS
• Most common species of mycoplasma which
causes diseases are
1. mycoplasma pneumonia
2. mycoplasma hominis
3. mycoplasma urealyticum
4. mycoplasma genitalium

6. mycoplasma pneumonia
• Mycoplasma pneumonia is an infection of the
lungs by the bacteria Mycoplasma pneumoniae
(M. pneumoniae).
• This type of pneumonia is also called atypical
pneumonia because the symptoms are
different from those of pneumonia due to other
common bacteria.

7. CAUSES
• Mycoplasma pneumonia usually affects
people younger than 40.
• People who live or work in crowded areas
such as schools and homeless shelters have a
high chance of getting this condition. But
many people who get sick with it have no
known risk factors.

8. SYMPTOMS
• Symptoms are often mild and appear over 1 to 3
weeks. They may become more severe in some people.
Common symptoms include any of the following:
• Chest pain
• Chills
• Cough, usually dry and not bloody
• Excessive sweating
• Fever (may be high)
• Headache
• Sore throat

9. Less common symptoms include:
• Ear pain
• Eye pain or soreness
• Muscle aches and joint stiffness
• Neck lump
• Rapid breathing
• Skin lesions or rash

10. mycoplasma hominis
• M. hominis is a pathogen in humans commonly found
as part of urogenital tract flora especially of women
and sexually active adult males.
• This bacteria cause a variety of infections which may
lead to pelvic inflammatory disease, post-abortal fever,
post-partum fever and extra genital infections for
immuno depressed humans.
• It also can cause meningitis, pneumonia and abscesses
in newborn children

11. mycoplasma urealyticum
• Ureaplasma urealyticum is a bacterium that is
found in the urogenital tracts of humans. It stains
gram negative, but that is because it lacks a cell
wall.
• This organism can exist as normal flora in the
reproductive tract (especially in women) and
remain undetected unless specifically tested for.

12. • Women with this infection often experience
fertility problems and can even be rendered
infertile. Infected mothers can also transmit
the infection to their baby.

13. mycoplasma genitalium
• Mycoplasma genitalium is a
small pathogenic bacterium that lives on
the ciliated epithelial cells of
the urinary and genital tracts in humans.
• Its existence was first reported in 1981.

14. • It can cause significant morbidity in men and
women, and is a co-factor in HIV
transmission.
• It is still controversial whether or not this
bacterium is to be recognized as a sexually
transmitted pathogen. Specifically, it
causes urethritis in both men and women, and
also cervicitis and pelvic inflammation in
women.

15. LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS
• It includes
1. hematological investigations
- no significant findings
2. bacteriological investigations
- culture studies
- biochemical studies
- serological studies

16. culture studies
• The culture will take 2-3 weeks to get a
positive identification of the mycoplasma
species.

17. biochemical studies
• Utilizes glucose or other carbohydrates as
source of energy.

18. SEROLOGICAL TEST
• It include CFT(The complement fixation test is
an immunological medical test that can be
used to detect the presence of either specific
antibody or specific antigen in a patient's
serum, based on whether complement
fixation occurs) and ELISA

19. TREATMENT
• Tetracycline and erythromycin are the
antibiotics of choice.