The document outlines the challenges and strategies for hazardous waste management in India, highlighting the sources, characteristics, and effects of such waste on health and the environment. It emphasizes the need for waste minimization, proper disposal methods, and legal frameworks to handle hazardous materials effectively. The study also presents case studies from different regions illustrating the adverse impacts of hazardous waste on local environments and communities.

1. HAZARDOUS WASTE
MANAGEMENT
SUBMITTED BY-UGRASEN KUMAR
ENROLLMENT NO.-1500100936
MTECH ENVIROMENTAL ENGG.

2. CONTENT :-
1. INTRODUCTION
2. OBJECTIVE OF STUDY
3. SOURCE OF HAZARDOUS WASTE
4. CHARACTERISTIC OF HAZARDOUS WASTE
5. EFFECT OF HAZARDOUS WASTE
6. HAZARDOUS WASTE STATEGIES
7. STUDY OF HAZARDOUS WASTE
8. METHOD OF DISSPOSAL OF HAZARDOUS WASTE
9. LITERATURE REVIEW
10. LEGAL CONTROL ACT
11. CONCLUSION
12. REFERENCES

3. INTRODUCTION :-
Hazardous waste is waste that is dangerous or potentially harmful to our health or
the environment. Hazardous wastes can be liquids, solids, gases, or sludge's.
They can be discarded commercial products, like cleaning fluids or pesticides, or the
by-products of manufacturing processes.
 It may Cause increase in mortality or serve illness,
 Hazardous-waste management, the collection, treatment, and disposal of waste
material that, when improperly handled, can cause substantial harm to human
health and safety or to the environment.
 they are generated primarily by chemical production, manufacturing, and other
industrial activities.

4. OBJECTIVE OF STUDY :-
 Waste minimization
 Detoxification and neutralization of waste by treatment
 Destructure of combustible waste by incineration
 Solidification of sludge and ash.
 Disposal of residues in landfills
Waste minimization step
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waste_minimisation

5. Solid Waste
Non- Hazardous
Waste
Municipal Solid
Waste
Industrial
Waste
C & D
Medical
Special
Treatment
Hazardous
Waste
Household
Waste
Industrial
Waste
Listed
Universal
Characteristic
Mixedhttps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/82/Solid_Waste_Types.jpg
SOURCE OF HAZARDOUS WASTE :-

6. Characteristics of Hazardous Waste:-
There are four basic characteristic of hazardous waste:-
1)Ignitability
2)Reactivity
3)Corrositivity
4)Toxicity
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/characteristicofhaz.waste

7. EFFECT :-
 GROUND WATER CONTAMINATION
 SOIL CONTAMINATION
 DANGER TO HABITATS,FLORA-FAUNA DUE
TO TOXICITY
Commercial
and Industrial
Waste (C&I)
37%
Excavation
Waste (E)
20%
Construction &
Demolition
(C&D) 11%
Agricultural
Waste <1%
Local
Authority
Collected
Waste
29%
Hazardous
Waste 3%
PRINCIPAL WASTES
U.P POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD

8. Hazardous waste strategies:-
 Prevention is better than disposal or clean up
 Bioremediation (with bacteria) / phytoremediation (with
plants)
 Incineration
 Deep well disposal
 Surface impoundments
 Secure landfills

9. Hazardous waste management in
India
 Hazardous As per the CPCB estimates, twelve states of the country
(Maharashtra, Gujarat, Tamilnadu, Orissa, Madhya Pradesh, Assam, Uttar
Pradesh, West Bengal, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Rajasthan)
account for 97 % of total waste generation.
 The top four waste generating states are Maharashtra, Gujarat, Andhra
Pradesh, and Tamilnadu. As there is wide variation in the quantity and nature
of waste generated across states and Union Territories (UTs) and also
considering the wide variation in the climatic as well as hydrogeological
conditions in different regions of the country, the approach to waste
management is essentially state specific.
 AT Present, there are Common, Treatment, Storage and Disposal
Facilities(TSDFs) which are developed for the disposal of land disposable
hazardous waste at 22 different places at 10 states i.e. at Gujarat,
Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Madhya
Pradesh, Punjab
Tata Energy Research Institute

10. PRESENT STATUS OF HAZARDOUS WASTE IN U.P :-
U.P POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD
NO.OF INDUSTRIES IDENTIFIED 2,148
TOTAL HAZARDOUS WASTE GENERATED 1,37,672 MTA
RECYCLABLE WASTE- 84,377 MTA
INCINERABLE WASTE- 18,953 MTA
DISPOSABLE IN SECURED LANDFILL(SLF) 34,342 MTA

11. CASE STUDY OF HAZARDOUS WASTE :-
 Case studies from Gujarat illustrating adverse impact of hazardous wastes
 The Ahmedabad-Vadodara-Surat industrial belt has over 2,000 industrial units in the organised and fertilisers. Vapi in Valsad district has
around 1,800 units of which 450 fall in category of polluting industries. Industries in all these areas usually dump their wastes in low
laying areas within 2 km radius.
 As a result, a major illegal dump yard has sprung up on the banks of river Daman Ganga. Indian Petrochemical Corporation Limited
(IPCL) at Vadodara dumps 1,800 tonnes of hazardous wastes every month sector and more than 63,000 small scale units manufacturing
chemicals like soda ash, dyes, yarns at a site near Nandesari. The IPCL dumpsite is on hill. During rainy season, the hazardous
constituents of these wastes are washed down into the river.
 Case studies from Maharashtra illustrating adverse impact of hazardous wastes
 The Thane-Bealpur industrial area, in Maharashtra where about 1200 industrial units are housed on a 20 km stretch
close to new Mumbai creates more than 100 tonnes of solid waste every day. About 85% of this waste is either acidic
or alkaline in nature. The area also produces 5 tonnes of waste every day, which is difficult to treat because of its
halogen content. The bulk of hazardous waste in this area is co-disposed with municipal waste in municipal waste
dumpsites. The water bodies in the vicinity of this industrial area are polluted. The sediment in the Ulhas river has
registered high levels of mercury and arsenic. Ulhas river empties into Thane Creek at its northern end. As a result,
Thane Creek is one of the most polluted seawaters in the country.
Source: Shankar, Martin, Bhatt and Erkman 1994

12. STUDY OF HAZARDOUS WASTE DISPOSAL AT KANPUR-
DEHAT,SAHIBADAD INDUSTRIAL AREA,GHAZIABAD IN U.P :-
KANPUR-DEHAT,SAHIBADAD INDUSTRIAL AREA,GHAZIABAD IN U.P
Direct Landfill Treatment,
Stabilization, Landfill
Incineration – Rotary
Kiln – Dual Chamber
Biodegradable Organics <
6%
Biodegradable Organics <
6%
Biodegradable Organics >=
6%
Non-biodegradable
Organics < 20% No Toxics
Non-biodegradable
Organics < 20%. Has
Toxics, Inorganic – Metals
Non-biodegradable
Organics >= 20%
Solid or Semi-Solid Solid or Semi-Solid Solid, Semi-Solid or Liquid
Calorific Value < 3000
Kcal/Kg
Calorific Value < 3000
Kcal/Kg
Calorific Value >= 3000
Kcal/Kg

13. ESTIMATED AVG. COMPOSITION OF
SOLID WASTE IN LUCKNOW,2011:-
Lucknow Solid Waste Management Department

14. STATUS OF COMMON DISPOSAL FACILITIES
 TSDFs IN OPERATION -03
 KUMBHI, KANPUR DEHAT -2 No
 BANTHAR,UNNAO -1 No
 TSDF Capacity Exhausted -1 NO
ROOMA, KANPUR (S.L.F.) :
SIZE OF CELL 115m x 115mx 3.5m
CAPACITY OF CELL IN OPERATION 20,000 MT
BEING RUN BY KANPUR NAGAR NIGAM
CAPACITY EXHAUSTED, NOT IN USE.
KUMBHI-KANPUR DEHAT (M/S RAMKY ENVIRO LTD.)
KANPUR-DEHAT,SAHIBADAD INDUSTRIAL AREA,GHAZIABAD IN U.P

15.  RECYCLING OF HAZARDOUS WASTE
 INCINERATION OF HAZARDOUS WASTE
 DISPOSAL IN SECURED LAND FILL (SLF)
 DISPOSAL IN CEMENT KILNS FOR INCINERABLE WASTE
METHOD OF FINAL DISPOSAL
OF HAZARODUS WASTE:-

16. Huge quantity of hazardous waste from
basic chrome sulphate units dumped at
Khanpur village, Kanpur Dehat :-
U.P POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD

17. LITERATURE REVIEW :
 Being an industrializing country, India’s contribution to the generation of hazardous is being
considered significant. The waste is generated from a wide spectrum of industries in the country.
The management of these wastes poses many challenges for the industry and the government as
well. Policy and legislative frameworks have been put in place while a host of international
programmes are supplementing national efforts in containing the problem. The article provides an
overview of the hazardous waste management scenario in India.
by Tata Energy Research Institute
(Centre Lodhi Road New Delhi)
 This review we can conclude that increases in risk of adverse health effects have been reported near
individual landfill site sand in some multisite studies. Although biases and confounding factors cannot be
excluded as explanations for these findings, the findings may indicate real risks associated with residence
near certain landfill sites.
 Research into the health effects of landfill sites is relatively immature, and further research could improve
our current The presence of large quantities of mixtures of potentially hazardous chemicals in landfill sites
close to residential populations has increasingly caused concern.
 Concerns have led to a substantial number of studies on the health effects associated with landfill sites.
Martine Vryheid
(Environmental Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health)

18. Suggestions/recommendations
 The strategy required to ensure scientific management of hazardous waste
whose generation is expected to increase due to our liberalized economic policies
should encompass training and institutional strengthening in all aspects of waste
management cycles starting from its generation to its handling, segregation,
transportation, treatment, and disposal.
 The strategy should also target waste minimization/reduction as its primary
focus, a particularly important point in view of stricter.
 As per the Waste Management Rules,1989, and the MoEF’s Guidelines(1991),
hazardous waste generated by industries has to be disposed of in secured landfills
and the toxic organic fraction of the waste needs to be incinerated
 Currently, there are 116 hazardous waste incinerators in the country and 11
engineered landfills in operation all of which are located in Gujarat.
 As per the information provided by the MoEF, there are 323 hazardous waste
recycling units in India;
Tata Energy Research Institute

19. Initiatives taken for hazardous waste management :
Hazardous waste management need to scientific disposal of waste and policies to
encourage waste minimisation and adoption of cleaner technologies
Various activities initiated by the Government of India to meet these objectives are
listed below
 State governments are in process of identifying hazardous waste disposal sites based
on EIA of the potential sites
 Training programmes have been organized for concerned personnel ports and the
Customs and in pollution control boards
 It has been decided to impose ban on the import of hazardous wastes containing
beryllium, selenium, chromium (hexavalent), thallium, pesticides, herbicides
 In order to control the movement of Basel Wastes, the export and import of cyanide
wastes and mercury- and arsenic-bearing wastes has been banned from December
1996.
Tata Energy Research Institute

20. LEGAL CONTROL ACT :-
 WATER PROTECTION ACT, 1974
 AIR PROTECTION ACT, 1981
 ENV. PROTECTION ACT 1986
 HAZARDOUS WASTE (Management, Handling & Trans boundary Movement) RULES
2008
COMMON SLF AT KUMBHI, KANPUR DEHAT,Of U.P. Waste Management Ltd.

21. CONCLUSION:-
 Key to proper design of HWTC is system flexibility to adjust to hazardous waste
quatities and properties over times.
 Enforcement of environment law and regulation
 implementation of hazardous wastes management regulations n Establishment
of proper hazardous waste treatment and disposal facilities for controlling the
unscientific disposal of hazardous waste.

22. REFERENCES:-
 HAZARDOUS WASTE DISPOSAL IN THE STATE OF UTTAR PRADESH by U. P. Pollution control
board.
 Kumbhi-kanpur dehat (m/s ramky enviro ltd.) Site
 Http://www.Dtsc.Ca.Gov/hazardouswaste/universalwaste/
 Hazardous waste management: canadian direction: stephanie meakin.
 Hazardous waste management in india: b.V. Babu and V. Ramakrishna
 The hazardous materials (management, handling and trans boundary movement)
rules, 2007.
 Status report on management of hazardous waste in india: t. Chakrabarti, M.P. Patel &
sukumar devotta
 Basel convention on the control of trans boundary movements of hazardous wastes and
their disposal
 Health effects of residence near hazardous waste landfill sites: A review of
epidemiologic literature martine vryheid
 Tata energy research institute darbari seth block habitat place india habitat centre lodhi
road