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Solid waste management
The document discusses solid waste management. It defines solid waste management as controlling the generation, storage, collection, transport, processing and disposal of solid wastes according to public health principles. It outlines different types of solid wastes including residential, commercial, municipal, industrial, agricultural, and hazardous wastes. It also discusses the various elements involved in solid waste management such as collection, transport, processing, and disposal.
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Solid waste management
- 1. BY IBRAHIM SALEEM P SOLIDWASTE MANAGEMENT
- 2. “As useless, unwantedand discarded materials coming from production and consumption”
- 3. Residential wastes Commercial wastes Municipal wastes Industrial wastes Agricultural wastes Hazardous wastes
- 4. It is definedas the discipline associated with the control of generation, storage, collection, transfer, transport, processing and disposal of solid wastes in a manner that is in accord with best principles of public health.
- 5. To identifytypes of solid wastes and their sources To examine the physical and chemical composition. To consider the elements involved in management. To minimize the adverse environmental impacts caused by the indiscriminate disposal of solid wastes.
- 6. Encompasses activitiesin which materials are identified as no longer being of value and are either thrown away or gathered together for disposal. Example: wrapping of candy bar
- 7. Waste handlingand separation involves the activities associated with management of wastes until they are placed in storage containers for collection.
- 8. Includes notonly gathering of solid wastes and recyclable materials, but also the transport of these materials, after collection.
- 9. Transfer andtransport of wastes from the smaller collection vehicle to the larger transport equipment.
- 10. Processing andrecovery of wastes is taken to long distances to a processing site and to prepare materials for recovery of conversion products and energy.
- 11. The finalfunctional element in the solid waste management system is disposal. Today the disposal of wastes by land filling or land spreading is the ultimate fate of all solid wastes.
- 12. Factors influences: Geographiclocation Season of the year Population characteristics Legislation People’s attitude
- 13. COMPONENTS Garbage Rubbish Ashes, Cooking wastes Paper, glass, plastics,metal etc Houses, hotels, shops, markets etc Street refuse Dead animals Abandoned vehicles Sweepings, dirt, leaves etc Domestic animals unwanted vehicles, spares etc Roads, garages, side walk, vacant areas etc Biomedical wastes Medicines, disposables etc Hospitals, clinics, research and development institutes.
- 14. Waste generation involvesthose activities in which materials are identified as no longer being of value and therefore, are thrown away as useless.
- 15. It refers tothe activities associated with handling, storage and processing of solid wastes at or near the point of generation until they are placed in containers for storage before collection.
- 16. Facilitates thecollection process. Minimizes the collection process. Ensure maximum collection of solid wastes generated. Discourage throwing of wastes indiscriminately in the streets.
- 17. Household wastes shouldbe stored in sturdy container of : Sufficient capacity. Easy to empty and clean Has a well fitted lid. Galvanized steel and plastic bins can satisfy these criteria.
- 18. Problems: The provisionof too few containers of insufficient capacity. Inappropriate locating of containers. Containers are usually open, giving access to rats, flies and animals, which is undesirable for both hygienic and aesthetic reasons.
- 19. It is difficultand complex occurrences in variety of places High cost of fuel & labor 60-80% of cost only for collection
- 20. In thissystem householders carry their wastes to solid waste bins situated at specific location, solid waste collection trucks visits these location at regular intervals and collect and transport the accumulated wastes to treatment or disposal sites.
- 21. It is acollection vehicle travels over a selected route at a specific time of the day, usually two or three days a week. The house holders bring their wastes and hand them over to the workers.
- 22. House holders leavethe wastes in containers or disposal bags on the footpath on pre-selected days according to a collection schedule. Succeeds only if well organized regular service is provided
- 23. The householders store wastes in a bin, basket or bag within their house premises. Workers collect bin, basket or bag, empty it into the collection vehicle and return container to premises.
- 24. To improvethe efficiency of (swm) system. To recover useable material. To recover conversion products and energy.
- 25. Mechanical volumereduction (compaction). Chemical volume reduction (incineration). Component separation (manual &mechanical). Mechanical size reduction (shredding). Moisture content reduction (drying & dewatering).
- 26. By materialseparation By material conversion
- 27. Physical treatment Chemical treatment Neutralization Chemical oxidation reduction
- 28. Dumping Burrying Burning composting
- 29. Availability ofland Distance & cost Soil condition & topography Climate condition Geological condition Noise, odour, dust &vector control
- 30. Discharge towaste water treatment plants On site treatement
- 31. Methane &carbon dioxide by organic matter Active and passive collection of gas for heat & electricity Incineration Controlled burning at high temp(i.e 850p C) in presence of air
- 32. Composting isthe process of bacterial conversion of organic solid and semi solid wastes into compost which can be handled, stored and transported without any adverse environmental effect, and can be used to as organic manure for improvement of soil quality and fertility
- 33. Windrow composting controlparameter: Moisture Temperature Ph Oxygen Carbon-Nitrogen ratio
- 34. Recycling is a processto change of waste materials into new products
- 35.
- 36. Due toadvancement in technology Changes in fashion Style Status
- 37. Inventory management Production-process modification Volume reduction Recovery and reuse
- 38.