This document discusses municipal solid waste (MSW) management. It begins by defining MSW and its sources. It then discusses the objectives of MSW management and the types, quantities, and composition of MSW. Key aspects of MSW management are described, including generation, collection, disposal methods like landfilling and incineration, and the 4R concepts of reduce, reuse, recycle, and recovery. Impacts of different disposal and recycling methods on the environment and landfill operations are explained. The document also provides a case study on issues that can occur when garbage collection schedules are not followed.

1. Keshav Yadav
Nayan Lokhande
Satwinder Singh
Vivek Yadav
Harpreet Singh

3. Sources, Types, Composition,
Quantities and Main Elements
in Municipal Solid Waste
(MSW) Management

4. What Is
Solid
Waste
The term solid
waste means :
Material such as
household
garbage, food
wastes, yard
wastes, and
demolition or
construction
debris
Solid waste are
wastes that are
not liquid or
gaseous
Solid wastes are
all the discarded
solid materials
from municipal,
industrial, and
agricultural
activities

5. Objective Of Solid Waste
Management
The objective of solid wastes
management to control, collect,
process, dispose of solid wastes
in an economical way consistent
with the public health protection

6. Definition Of Municipal
Solid Waste (MSW)
Municipal solid waste (MSW) is a
waste type consisting of everyday
items that are discarded by the
public
All wastes, resulting from
population, residential and non
residential buildings, as well as
transport vehicles
Municipal solid waste (MSW)
commonly known as:
trash or garbage
refuse or rubbish

7. Sources Of MSW
Residential
Industrial
Commercial
Institutional
Construction/Demolition
Municipal Services
Process (Manufacturing)
Agriculture

8. Type Of
MSW
Industrial
waste
Rubbis
h
Demolitio
n Wastes
Construction
wasteGarbage
Dead
animals
Sewage
treatment
residue

9. It is estimated that solid waste generated in
small, medium and large cities and towns is
about 0.1 kg, 0.3 – 0.4 kg and 0.5 kg per
capita per day respectively
Total municipal solid waste (MSW) collected in
the country increased every year
The average per capita generation has
increased from 0.67 kg/person/day in 2001 to
0.8 kg/person/day in 2005
In 2008 it is reported increase at 60 – 70 %.
Current MSW generation has reached 1.3
kg/person/day
Quantity Of
Municipal Solid
Waste (MSW) In
Malaysia

10. Element Of MSW
Management
• Waste generation
• Waste handling, sorting,
storage, and processing at the
source
• Collection
• Separation, processing and
transformation of solid wastes
• Transfer and transport
• Energy Generation
• Disposal

11. Strategies for Effective
and Environmental
Friendly
• Minimize waste generation
• Maximize waste recycling and
reuse
• Educate people on different ways of
handling waste
• Systematic solid waste
management

12. Understand The
Characteristics, Composition
and Components of Municipal
Solid Waste (MSW)

13. Characteristi
c of MSW
Physical
Characteristic
Moisture content :
increase the weight of
solid waste , so the cost
of collection &
transportation will
increasing
Density : used to assess
volume of transportation
vehicle & size of the
disposal facility
Chemical
Characteristic
is essential in
understanding the
behavior of waste all
through the waste
management system
and also in selecting and
determining the
efficiency of any
treatment process

14. Composition Components

15. Understand The Process of
Generation and Handling of
Municipal Solid Waste
(MSW))

16. Waste Generation
Waste generation include activities in which material
identified as no longer being of value and are either
thrown away or gathered together for disposal.

17. Collection
Elements of collection, includes not only the gathering
of solid waste and recyclable material, but also the
transport of these materials after collection, to the
location where the collection vehicle is emptied.

18. Factor Influence Generation of
MSW
 Socio-economic background:
 The buying power
 Income level
 Cultural background
 Locality:
 Urban
 Rural setting

19. Handling and Separating
Municipal Solid Waste
 Waste handling and separation involves activities
associated with waste management until the waste is
placed in storage containers for collection.
 Handling also include the movement of loaded
containers to the point of collection. Separating
different types of waste components is an important
step in the handling and storage of solid waste at the
source.

20. Understand The Municipal
Solid Waste (MSW)
Collection Activities)

21. Collection Activities
 The most common collection services are curb/alley,
set out/set back pickup, and backyard pickup.
 The collection services provided to large apartment
buildings, residential complexes, commercial and
industrial activities typically in centered around the
use of large movable and stationary containers and
large stationary compactors.

22. Curb or Alley Pickup
 The quickest and most economical point of collection.
 Using standard container that has been design by city
council.

23. Set-out, Set-back Pickup
 Collectors have to enter property.
 Set out crew carries full containers from resident
storage location to curb/alley before collection vehicle
arrives.
 Set back crew return the container to storage area.

24. Backyard Pickup
 Usually accomplish by the use of tote barrels.
 The collector enter the resident’s property, dumps the
container into a tote barrel, carries it to the trucks and
dumps it.

25. Transfer and Transport
 Transfer and transport refers to the facilities used to
transfer of wastes from one location to another.
- Small collection vehicles are transferred to larger
vehicles that are used to transport the waste over
extended distances to disposal sites.

26. Understand The Various Kinds
of MSW Disposal Methods
Such as Land Filling,
Incineration and Organic
MSW Composting

27. Sanitary Land Filling
 The controlled disposal of solid
waste on the upper layer of the
earth mantle in a manner the
environmental hazards is
minimized.
 Important technical aspects in the
implementation of sanitary landfills
include:
 Site selection.
 Land filling methods and
operation.
 Occurrence of gasses and
leachate.
 Movement and control of gases
and leachate.

28. Incineration
•The process of burning waste in large
furnaces at high temperature is know
as incineration.
•It is used to dispose of solid liquid and
gaseous waste .Incineration facilities
generally do not require as much area
as landfills.
•At the end of the process all that is
left behind is ash.

29. Incinerators System

30. Composting
 Compost Is the product resulting from the
controlled biological decomposition of organic
material.
 The starting material for composting are
commonly referred to a feed stocks

31. Explain the environmental, social , economical,
and political information available for municipal
solid waste (MSW)
a)The disposal site shall be capable of being characterized
, modeled, analyzed and monitored.
b)The disposal site shall be generally well drained and free
of areas of flooding or frequent bonding.
c)Depend on the type of accommodation, terrace houses ,
flats , commercial area or factories
d)Collection service route

32. Effect of incineration sanitary landfill and
composting to the environment
 Release hundreds of toxic chemicals into the
atmosphere;
 Disposal of the ash (The toxic substance are more
concentrated in the ash);
 Highly related to the economic condition;
 A classic short-term solution potentially useful
(recyclable or compostable) (it destroys material by
turning it into toxic ash);

33. Know 4R’s Concept and Justify
Aspects and Issues related to
recycling and composting of
municipal solid waste (MSW)

34. Describe waste reduction ,reuse, recovery and
recycling concepts.
 Method of waste reduction, waste reuse, and
recycling are the preferred options when
managing waste.
 4R’s stand for:
 Reduction
 Reuse
 Recovery
 Recycling

35. Reduction
• By reducing, consumer and industry can save natural
resources and reduce waste management costs.
Reuse
• Large production companies such as Electronic, appliances
and gadgets, should establish the collection centre, where
damaged items can be repaired and reuse.
Recovery
• Energy or material can be recovered from waste that are not
reused or recycled
Recycling
• Recycling turns materials that would otherwise become waste
into valuable resources

36. Identify the impact of reuse /recycle/
reduction on landfill design and operation.
 saves natural resources.
 reduces toxicity of waste.
 reduce cost.
 helps sustain the environment for future
generations.
 reduces the need for land filling and
incineration.

37. Explain on conventional and innovative
waste utilization /recycling technologies.
1.Conventional
Two types of composting process:
1. Aerobic composting
2. Anaerobic composting
Factor that influence Aerobic composting process :
i. Particle size 25 to 75mm for the optimum chemical reaction to occur
ii. The ratio of C:N (Carbon to nitrogen ratio)
iii. Moisture content should be in the range 50-60%
iv. Temperature the optimum temperature for the composting process is 50 to 70˚C
v. PH control the optimum for micro activity is 6.5-7.5 to prevent loss of nitrogen as ammonia (NH₃) gas , pH
should not exceed 8.5
vi. Mixing process to prevent dehydration on the surface of the compost
vii. Air requirements
2.Innovative
i. Will improve public health and safely achieve
ii. Non-toxic gases, which are created, are stored in special containers (gas cylinders) and used as fuel and
energy creators.
iii. Method takes place in a close system, without releasing ashes, waste remnants, dusts and toxic gases into
environment.

38. CASE STUDY :

39. • Garbage
collecting is
not follow
work
schedule
especially
involves
area
housing
CAUSES

40. ACTION
RESIDENT
S IN THE
AREA
cause the
occupants had to
take the easy way
to remove the
debris and solid
waste in open
areas, including
the roadside and
at major
crossroads on the
road
remove debris and
solid waste in
open area away
from the house
This Is because
garbage and solid
waste loaded in
the barrel, in front
of their homes are
full

41. THE EFFECTS
animals eat like cats and dogs, garbage lifted late in the barrel at
the front door of his house will be wormy and rotten and then
overflowing into the road shoulder.
not lasting the nauseating smell that permeates the house, every
time you open the door until cause of the health and appetite.
experiencing severe odor pollution as wormy and rotting garbage
in the trash lifted by garbage trucks.
Waste water overflowing from the truck in the road surface.
Affected neighborhoods wedding
contaminate views
raises displeasure

42. Impacts of
solid waste on
environment
Waste breaks down in
landfills to form
methane, a potent
greenhouse gas
Change in climate
and destruction of
ozone layer due to
waste biodegradable
Garbage disposal,
due to waste
pollutions, illegal
dumping, leaching : is
a process by which
solid waste enter soil
and ground water and
contaminating them

43. Impacts
of solid
waste
on
health
Nausea and
vomiting
Low birth
weight
Cancer
Chemical
poisoning
through
chemical
inhalation
Increase in
hospitalization
of diabetic
residents
living near
hazard waste
sites
Mercury
toxicity from
eating fish
with high
levels of
mercury

44. Population
growth
Increase in
industrials
manufacturing
Urbanization
Causes of
increase in
solid waste

45. Preventive measures
Systematic solid waste management
Involving public in plans for waste
treatment and disposal
Educate people on different ways of
handling waste
Household level of proper segregation of
waste, recycling and reuse
Process and product substitution example
use paper bag instead of plastic bags
garbage collection according to the
schedule set

46. References
Internet
Wikipedia. Municipal Solid Waste. September 19,
2013, from
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipal_solid_waste