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INT-244 Topic 3 Islam
- 2. Demographics
- 3. Muslims in the World • 1.8 billion Muslims as of 2015 • 24% of the world’s population • 3.48 million Muslims in United States • 20% live in Middle East • 62% live in Asia-Paci fi c • 10% of Europeans will be Muslim by 2050 Lipka, Michael. (9 Aug 2017). Muslims and Islam: Key Findings. Pew Research Center.
- 4. 50,000 - 60,000 in Arizon a (Marino, D. 2016, AZ PBS)
- 5. Lipka, Michael. (9 Aug 2017). Muslims and Islam: Key Findings. Pew Research Center. 1.8 billion Muslims worldwid e 3,480,000 in North America
- 6. Huf fi ngton Post (Dec 2017)
- 8. Islam in the United States • 3,480,000 Muslims (Pew, 2017) • 1,209 Mosques (www.allied-media.com/AM/) • 56% immigrated after 2000 • 82% are US citizens • 42% were US born
- 9. US. Department of State, April 2001
- 13. Life of Muhammed
- 14. Muhammed ibn Abdullah 570 - 632 AD
- 15. Muhammed ibn Abdullah 595 AD Married Khadija
- 16. Cave of Hira 610 AD The Night of Power
- 17. Cave of Hira 610 AD Gabriel the Angel
- 18. Preached Oneness of Allah Kaaba Pagan holy site in Mecca
- 19. Hegira 622 AD Flight to Medina Year ZERO
- 20. King of Medina 622 - 632 AD Islamic Law began to develop Mosque of the Prophet
- 21. Sharia Law Law comes from Allah Mosque of the Prophet
- 22. Battle of Trench 627 AD Meccans attacked Medina Defense of Medina
- 23. Slaughter of Qurayza 627 AD Executed 400-600 Jews in Medina
- 24. Conquest of Mecca 630 AD Led army back to Mecca First Hajj (Pilgrimage)
- 25. Treaty of Hudaybiyyah Dhimmi - Protected People Jizya - Special Taxes
- 26. Death of Muhammad 632 AD Abu Bakr took over
- 27. Spread of Islam
- 28. Abu Bakr 573 - 634 AD First Caliph Father-in-Law
- 29. Quran Begun 632 AD Finalized 656 AD Means recitation
- 30. The Caliphates 622 - 632 Muhammad 632 - 661 Rashidun 661 - 750 Umayyad 750 - 1258 Abbasid 1261 - 1517 Mamluk 1517 - 1924 Ottoman Empire
- 32. Caliph Umar 637 AD Conquered Jerusalem Dome of the Rock / Mosque of Omar
- 33. Pact of Omar (644 AD) • Protects Dhimmis (non-Muslims) • Prohibits rebuilding churches/synagogues • Churches/Synagogues lower than mosques • Dhimmis must pay Jizya • Prohibits evangelism • Prohibits public religious celebrations
- 34. Pact of Omar (644 AD) • Prohibits public displays of crosses • Prohibits loud sounds (ex. Call to worship) • Prohibits stopping a conversion to Islam • Prohibits imitating Muslims • Requires Dhimmis rise in presence of Muslim
- 35. Pact of Omar (644 AD) • Christians to wear blue belts or turbins • Jews to wear yellow belts or hats
- 36. Golden Age of Isla m
- 37. Islam’s Contributions to Civilization
- 38. Islamic Contributions • Math: Algebra, Geometry • Science: Medicine, Astronomy • Culture and Trade with the East • Literature: Preservation of Greek manuscripts including Bible • Medicine: surgery, medicines
- 40. Clark, 2017, The Story of Europe
- 41. Islamic Contributions Jews fl eeing christian Europe found sanctuary in Islamic world
- 42. Does the Golden Age of Islam change your perspective on Islam?
- 43. The Shia - Sunni Schism
- 44. Sunni Isla m Caliph Abu Bakr 573 - 634 AD Abu Bakr was a Caliph But not a divine prophet
- 45. Shi’a Al i Ali ibn Talib 601 - 661 AD Divinely appointed Imam Muhammad’s successor Abu Bakr’s Cousin
- 46. Schism Shia’t Ali (followers of Ali) Sunni (the Way)
- 52. Rise of Modern Arab Nationalism • Modernization in Islamic Countries • Rise of Nationalism and Arab Moderates • Rise of Oppressive Leadership • Pushback from Religious Muslims
- 54. Jerusalem: Dome of the Rock Medina: Mosque of the Prophet Mecca: The Ka’aba
- 55. Ka’aba in Mecca
- 56. Mosque of the Prophet in Medina
- 57. Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem
- 59. Shahada Confession There is no God but Allah and Muhammad is his prophet.
- 61. Salat Praying Five Times • Before sunrise • Noon • Midday • After sunset • Night
- 62. Great Mosque in Istanbul Minaret (Beacon)
- 63. Adhan (Call to worship) • Allahu akbar Allah is great • Ashadu an la ilaha illa llah I bear witness there is no god but Allah • Ashadu ‘Anna Muhmmadan rasulu illah I bear witness that Muhammad is Allah’s prophet • Chayya ‘ala s-salah Hasten to prayer! • Chayya ‘ala I-falah Hasten to salvation • As-salatu khayrun mina n’nawa prayer is better than sleep • Allahu ‘akbar Allah is great • la ilaha illa llah. There is no god but Allah
- 67. Ramadan • Sat., April 2 — Mon, May 2, 2022 • Fast, and Restraint (ex. No movies, dance, intimacy) • Allah gave fi rst chapters of Quran to Muhammad in 610
- 68. Iftar (meal after sunset)
- 69. Eid al-Fitr (Feast after Ramadan)
- 72. Beliefs
- 74. Belief in One God Allah, who is indivisible, incomparable to men or women, not begotten, and not a trinity
- 75. Belief in Angels Angels are agents of God, created from light, with no free will, who are not to be venerated
- 76. Belief in the Prophets God sent men & women prophets including Abraham, Moses, Isa (Jesus), and His last prophet, Muhammad.
- 77. Belief in Life after Death All men & women will die, and rise again in the resurrection after which they will face judgement
- 78. Belief in the Scriptures Allah revealed Himself in the Old Testament, New Testament, and the Quran. Only the Quran is the divine Word of God that has not been corrupted.
- 79. Belief in the Divine Decree All things happen according to the Will of Allah. Men and women’s duty is to accept His will.
- 80. Beliefs of Islam • One God who is indivisible and cannot be a man • God’s prophets: Abraham, Moses, Isa (Jesus), Muhammad • Old & New Testament, Quran, Hadith • Paradise, Hell, and temporal place before judgement • Satan, good and bad angels (Jinn) • Judged by our deeds on earth
- 81. Beliefs of Islam • Quran is the divine Word of Allah (given to Muhammad) • Hadith: the oral traditions of Muhammad • Shi’a believe divine authority of the Imam • Will of Allah determines all that we do
- 82. Beliefs of Islam • Jihad (struggle) • Judgement Day
- 83. End Times • Signs of the End times: Immorality, crime, callousness • Coming of the Mahdi (Guided One) • Unite Muslims • Isa will return & rule • Satan will be killed • Resurrection of the Dead • Day of Judgement
- 84. Sacred Story 1. God called Abraham, fi rst monotheist 2. Ishmael, not Isaac, was Abraham’s Heir 3. Ishmael traveled to Mecca where Abraham built the Ka’aba 4. God sent prophets, all rejected 5. Gabriel appeared to Muhammad, fi nal prophet 6. Resurrection at the end of time and fi nal battle 7. Final judgement of the world
- 85. Part 2
- 87. Quran Revealed by Gabriel to Muhammad Over 23 years Concluded in 632 AD
- 88. Quran Means Recitation Read Aloud Read in Arabic Memorized
- 89. Quran 114 Surahs (Chapters) Each chapter has Ayat (Verses) Begins with Bismillah “In the name of Allah” Ordered in size, not chronology
- 90. 1. In the Name of Allah the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful. 2. [All] praise is [due] to Allah, Lord of the worlds - 3. The Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful, 4. Sovereign of the Day of Recompense. 5. It is You we worship and You we ask for help 6. Guide us to the straight path- 7. The path of those upon whom You have bestowed favor, not of those who have evoked [Your] anger or of those who are astray. Quran 1:1–7
- 91. Prayer Mat Prostration & Sitting Value Cleanliness Prostrate forehead to fl oor
- 92. Prayer Beads Misbaha 99 small beads (or) 33 large Beads
- 95. Wudhu Ceremonial Washing Before prayer Ablution (cleanse of sin)
- 96. Branches
- 97. Worldatlas.com
- 98. Sunni Islam • 89 - 90% of Muslims • Abu Bakr Siddique Caliph • Await the Mahdi, true successor • Imam is only a religious leader • Followers do not need intermediary
- 99. Shi’a Islam • 200 Million followers • Iran, Iraq, Yemen, and Syria • Ali ibn Talib was divine successor • Imam religious & community leader • Imam decides meaning of Quran
- 100. Ibadi Islam • Oman • Claims they pre-date Sunni & Shi’a • God will not show himself Judgement day • Do not need community leader a
- 101. Ahmadiyya Islam • East Africa, Southeast Asia • Mirza Ghulam Ahmad (1835 - 1908) • Ahmad was newest prophet • Renewal movement • Beliefs similar to Sunni
- 102. Su fi sm Islam • Turkey, Iran, Greece, Balkans • Follow Ali Ibn Talib (successor) • Puri fi cation of the Inner Self • Personal, mystical experience with Allah • Cross-denominational movement
- 103. Cultural Values
- 104. Cultural Values • Learning and Study • Restraint (not indulgent) • High power distance
- 105. Cultural Values • Patriarchal (women subservient roles) • Collectivist (not individual) • High uncertainty avoidance
- 106. Cultural Values • Giving to charity • Modesty and conservative dress • Hospitality and generosity • Respect religion and tradition
- 107. Sensitivities • Israel and their occupation of the territories • Palestinians and autonomy • Dietary restrictions • Social interaction of men with women • Modest dress (especially women)
- 108. Sensitivities • Movies, music, celebration (ex. Alcohol) • Depicting Muhammed • Criticizing Muhammed
- 112. Turkish Public Broadcast Service (2019)
- 113. What are ways we can be sensitive?
- 114. What are ways we can explain the gospel?