MJTI PEP Unraveling the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict Part 4

UNRAVELING THE PEACE PROCESS
MJTI PEP • The Israeli-Palestinian Con
fl
ict • Week 4

Review
Week 1 — Origins of the Con
fl
ict
3

Review
fl
ict
Week 2 — Peace Process
4

Review
fl
ict
Week 3 — The Players & Spoilers
5

Review
fl
ict
Week 3 — The Players & Spoilers
Week 4 — Unraveled Relations
6

1. Camp David Agreement (Egypt - Israel) 1978
2. Madrid Conference (Arab Nations - Israel) 1991
3. Jordan - Israel Agreement 1994
4. Oslo Accords I & II (Palestinian - Israeli) 1993-1995
5. Camp David Summit (Palestinian - Israeli) 2000
7

First Oslo Accord
September 13, 1993
1. Recognition of Palestine & Israel
2. Established interim Palestinian Authority (PA)
3. Began the process of Palestinian Sovereignty
4. Began the process of Israeli withdrawal
5. Established timetable for negotiation
8

2nd Camp David Summit
July, 2000
1. Palestinian sovereignty
2. Staged withdrawal from West Bank
3. Complete withdrawal from Gaza
4. Dismantling Jewish Settlements in West Bank & Gaza
5. Palestinian custodianship of the Temple Mount
6. Palestinian annexation of parts of East Jerusalem
7. Highways interconnecting the West Bank and Gaza
9

Players & Spoilers
1. UNRWA
2. Mahmoud Abbas, PA
3. Israels Political Parties
4. Hamas
5. Iran
6. United States
7. West Bank Settlers

West Bank Settlers
132 West Bank Settlements
465,400 Jewish settlers
20,000+ Jews in 5 illegal towns
Most are Far Right Modern Orthodox
12
https://israelpolicyforum.org/west-bank-settlements-explained/

Why Do They Go?
Because Israel has not annexed the
territories yet
Because they know the government will
protect them (legal or illegal)
Because if they
fi
ll the West Bank they
will squeeze out Palestinians
13

1948 - 1967
Jordan expelled Jews from WB
1967 Religious Jews settled Kfar
Etzion
1967 - 1977 32 new settlements in
Jordan Valley
14

Yigal Allon, Labor
1967 - 1977
Yigal Allon, Labor Minister
“Allon Plan” during Six-Day War
Establish a security perimeter around
Palestinian villages of religious Jewish
settlers
15

Ariel Sharon, Likud
1977 - 1984
Promoted settlements around Palestinian
villages with Modern Orthodox
To prevent estab. of Palestinian State
To apply political pressure on the PLO
16

Yitzhak Rabin, Labor
1992
Stopped all Settlements
Oslo Accord, agreed to dismantle
settlements
17

Illegal Settlements
1992 - 2020
In response to Oslo, and possibility of a
Palestinian State
Religious extremist groups like the
“Hilltop Youth” began illegal
settlements against government
100 Illegal settlements on WB
18

Hilltop Youth
Founded November, 1998
At the urging of Ariel Sharon to “grab
the hilltops”
Extremist Modern Orthodox
Isabel Kershner, Barrier: The Seam of the Israeli-Palestinian Con
fl
ict (St. Martin: 2014): : 184-185

Sharon (Likud) Inspired the Hilltop Youth
Everyone [on the West Bank] should run…grab more hills, expand the
territory. Everything that's grabbed will be in our hands. Everything we
don't grab will be in their hands.
Ariel Sharon
Adam T. Smith, The Political Landscape: Constellations of Authority in Early Complex Polities, University of California Press, 2003

Settler-Palestinian Violence Spike
January, 2020 - July 2021
Beginning with Intifada II, Settlers
began harassing and attacking
Palestinians in the West Bank
Map shows Settler Violence
21

Netanyahu & Settlers
Netanyahu’s new Likud Coalition
included far right MK ministers
many of whom represented
Settlers.
https://www.nytimes.com/2023/06/29/world/middleeast/israel-west-bank-settlements-expansion.html
Netanyahu with Bezalel Smotrich, far right Settler Activist

By June, 2023
Permitted 13,000 new settlements
More than 400,000 Israeli Settlers

Bezalel Smotrich
• Minister of Finance
• Religious Zionist
• Born in Haspin, a WB Settlement
• Grew up in an illegal settlement
• Opposes Palestinian Statehood
• Supporter of Settlements
• Controversial because of his anti-
Arab statements and suggestions
that Israel expel Palestinians
24

To Arab Lawmakers: “You’re here by mistake! Its a mistake that Ben-Gurion didn’t
fi
nish the job
and throw you all out in 1948.” [1]
To Knesset: Israel should not sell homes to Arabs [inside Israel] Anyone who wants to protect the
Jewish people should oppose Jews marrying Arabs.[2]
To Gazans: “Israel will no longer put up with the existence of Palestinians in Gaza,” calling Israel
to expel Palestinians en masse from Gaza. [3]
[1] Spiro, Amy . "Smotrich at Knesset: Ben-Gurion should have "
fi
nished the job", thrown out Arabs". The Times of Israel. (13 October 2021)
[2] Harkov, Lahav “Bayit Yehudi MK: God commanded Jews not to sell homes to Arabs". The Jerusalem Post.
[3] “Israeli O
ffi
cials' Calls For Emigration Of Palestinians Alarm Human Rights Experts". Hu
ff
Post. (4 January 2024)

“We are now rolling out the Gaza Nakba!” (MK Avi Dichter)
Dropping a nuclear bomb on Gaza is one of the possibilities (Heritage Minister Amihai Eliyahu)
We need to create a “sterile zone” in the West Bank, by expelling Palestinians. (MK Bezalel Smotrich)
https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/gaza-nakba-israels-far-right-palestinian-fears-hamas-war-rcna123909

Far Right lawmaker Itamar Ben Gvir said…he wants to introduce a bill…to deport
Arab Israeli citizens…as well as Arab politicians who are disloyal to the State of
Israel…they should be deported on trains and planes. (MK Ben Gvir)
Michael Horowitz, “Ben Gvir Says He’d seek to expel Arabs” The Times of Israel (16 Aug 2022) https://www.timeso
fi
srael.com/ben-gvir-says-hed-seek-to-expel-arabs-who-attack-idf-soldiers-disloyal-mks/

What are the concerns?
• Does the rhetoric complicate the peace process?
• Does the growth of new Settlements complicate the peace process?
• Does the growth of new settlements near Arab villages increase incidents of violence?
• Does the language of Israel’s right alienate Arab - Israelis?
28

What are the concerns?
• If peace talks resume, will Israel actually go about removing
religious settlers from their land?
29

Why does Netanyahu’s Likud tolerate the religious right?
• Possibly to maintain political pressure on the PA?
• Possibly to keep his fragile coalition together?
• Possibly to create political leverage if negotiation resumes?
• Possibly (but not probably) because he actually agrees with them?
30

Why did Arafat reject the offer?
1. Claimed the summit was “premature” (i.e. wasn’t ready to talk).
Saul Singer, “Whose Fault was the Failure of Camp David?” Jerusalem Center for Public A
ff
airs No. 424, (15 Mar 2002). https://www.jcpa.org/jl/vp474.htm

1. Claimed the summit was “premature”
2. Claimed the summit was “a trap” (i.e. presented an “all or nothing” o
ff
er).
ff

2. Claimed the summit was “a trap”
3. Many think Arafat wanted to leave a legacy and let another negotiator make
concessions to Israel rather than him.
ff

2. Claimed the summit was “a trap”
3. Many think Arafat wanted to leave a legacy.
4. Criticism is not that Arafat rejected o
ff
er, but didn’t make a counter o
ff
er.
ff

"An irate Clinton [told] Arafat: 'If the Israelis can make compromises
and you can't, I should go home. You have been here fourteen days
and said no to everything.”
Robert Malley, Special Assistant to the President on Arab-Israeli A
ff
airs
Singer, 2002, “Arafat said no”

White House replied: Arafat never made a counter-o
ff
er.
Robert Malley, Special Assistant to the President on Arab-Israeli A
ff
airs
Singer, 2002, “Arafat said no”

2001 Election
Israel Pivoted to the Right
Voting in Likud

Israelis Protested against Ehud Barak
And against the peace process

Ariel Sharon (Likud)
• Campaigned against Labor
• Sharon was politically conservative
• Argued that “Land for Peace” failed
• Palestinians don’t negotiate in good faith
• Promised to be harder on the Palestinians
42

February, 2001 Election, Labor was voted out

The Second Intifada
Sep 2000 - Feb 2005

Temple Mount
September 28,
While campaigning Sharon visited the the
Temple Mount, where Al Aqsa Mosque is
With a delegation of his campaign team
and hundred’s of Police o
ffi
cers
https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/background-and-overview-of-al-aqsa-intifada

Riot Broke Out
Abu Qteish, in manager of Temple Mount
that day, announced over the loudspeaker
that Israel was taking possession of the
Mosque and called Palestinians to defend
the Mosque
Protesters gathered, hurled stones,
And riot broke out

Riot Spread
The riot spread throughout Jerusalem and
West Bank
Became blew up into the 2nd Intifada also
known as the Al Aqsa Intifada.

Why did Sharon go?
Shlomo Ben Ami (spokesperson)
claimed he called the PA to get
reassurance that there’d be no problem
with the visit.
Jibril Rajoub, (spokesperson)
denied ever giving permission

Why did Sharon go?
Sharon said
• He went to assert the right of all Israelis to
visit the Temple Mount
Akunis (Likud spokesperson) admitted
• “Sharon also wanted to show that under
Likud, the Temple Mount will stay under
Israel’s sovereignty.”
"Palestinians say opposition tour of holy site could cause bloodshed". CNN (citing Associated Press). (27 September 2000). http://archives.cnn.com/2000/WORLD/meast/09/27/israel.palestinians.ap/index.html

But also…
Imad Faluji (PA Communications Minister)
Admitted months later that the PA was looking
for an opportunity to protest following the
failure of the 2000 Summit.
"Palestinians say opposition tour of holy site could cause bloodshed". CNN (citing Associated Press). (27 September 2000). http://archives.cnn.com/2000/WORLD/meast/09/27/israel.palestinians.ap/index.html

Palestinian Authority said,
Sharon made a deliberate provocation at a time of increased tension over the summit
Government of Israel said
“The immediate catalyst for the violence was the breakdown of…negotiations…but the
Palestinian violence had been planned by the PA leadership to provoke and ensure
Palestinian casualties as a means of regaining the diplomatic initiative.”
George Mitchell, “Letter to President George Bush, April 30, 2001” cited by Virtual Jewish Library (April 30, 2001) https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/the-mitchell-report-may-2001

Aftermath
• Began with Stone throwing
• Turned into bombings, suicide
bombing, and eventually rocket
attacks.
• 1,137 Israelis killed
• 3,000 Palestinians killed
https://www.gov.il/en/departments/ministry_of_foreign_a
ff
airs/govil-landing-page

Defensive Shield
Mar - Apr 2002
• Response to a suicide bombing at a Passover
Seder killing 30.
• IDF took possession of Ramallah, Tulkarm,
Qalqilya, Bethlehem, Jenin, and Nablus
• House to House searches
• 4,200 Suspects Arrested
• 250 Palestinians killed
• Turning point in war leading to peace talks
https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/operation-defensive-shield

West Bank Barrier
2003 - 2006
440 mile wall around the West Bank
Israel claims iti reduced suicide bombings
from 73 to 12, after 2006.
https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/background-and-overview-of-israel-s-security-fence

Aftermath
• Led to Israel building the wall
• Led to rise of Hamas and popularity in the
territories.
• Led to Iran’s support and training of
Hamas
fi
ghters in the territories
• Brought PA back to peace table.
ff

Sharm El Sheikh Summit
February, 2005
• Israel, PA, US, Jordan, and Egypt in El
Sheikh in the Sinai
• Followed Arafat’s death and Mahmoud
Abbas’ e
ff
ort to end the 2nd Intifada
• Ended the 2nd Intifada
ff

Sharm El Sheikh Summit
1. Abbas agreed to end Intifada
2. Sharon agreed to release 900 Palestinian
prisoners
3. Sharon agreed to withdraw from villages
taken during the Intifada
4. Both agreed to restart the “Road Map for
Peace” started in Oslo.
ff

Why Withdraw Gaza?
November, 2003
Ehud Olmert, Deputy PM
1. Because the US and International community put
huge pressure on Israel during 2nd Intifada.
2. Because Gaza was not considered a part of the State
of Israel or contested territory.
3. Because Palestinians were abandoning Two-State
Solution and advocating for One-State solution with
Palestinians having the right to vote.
4. Because as long Israel governs millions of Arabs,
there remains the threat that Arabs will eventually
outnumber Jews.
5. Because Israel must either grant Palestinians the right
to vote, govern the population as non-voting occupied
residents, or unilaterally give them sovereignty
59

For this reason, Sharon justi
fi
ed the Gaza withdrawal as a demographic necessity.
Demography was more important to him than geography to insure a long-term Jewish
majority within Israel.
Dov Waxman
Dov Waxman, The Israeli-Palestinian Con
fl
ict, 141.

Israel is going to have to address the demographic issue with utmost seriousness and
resolve…Palestinians…want a one-man-one-vote [alternative]…For us it would mean
the end of the Jewish State.
[Therefore] In the absence of a negotiated agreement…we need to implement a
unilateral alternative [i.e. unilaterally withdraw from Gaza].
Ehud Olmert to Knesset, 2003
David Landau, “Maximum Jews, Minimum Palestinians” Haaretz (Nov 13, 2003). https://www.haaretz.com/2003-11-13/ty-article/maximum-jews-minimum-palestinians/0000017f-ed37-ddba-a37f-ef7fefd10000

[I have reached] the conclusion that, for the time being, there exists no
Palestinian partner with whom to advance peacefully toward a settlement
and since the current impasse is unhelpful to the achievement of our
shared goals, I have decided to initiate a process of gradual disengagement
with the hope of reducing friction between Israelis and Palestinians.
Ariel Sharon to President Bush (14 April 2004)
https://www.gov.il/en/Departments/General/exchange-of-letters-sharon-bush-14-apr-2004

Withdrawal from Gaza
August 15 - September 11, 2005
Disengagement Plan
• Dismantled 21 settlements
• Withdrew all IDF Soldiers
• Compensated settlers up to $200,000
63

Hamas Takeover of Gaza
25 January 2006 Election
• Hamas won 77 seats and 44.5% of votes
• Fatah won 45 seats and 41.43 of votes
However, Exit Polls by Birzeit University
• Hamas won 35% of votes
• Fatah won 42% of votes
Erlanger, Steven (2006-01-25). "A Narrow Win for Fatah Expected in Palestinian Elections - New York Times"
Ismail Haniyeh, Hamas Farouk Kaddoumi, Fatah

Hamas Takeover of Gaza
14 June 2007
Mahmoud Abbas dismissed the Hamas
coalition government and suspended the
Parliament (PLC)
Hamas took over the Gaza Strip, expelled
Fatah sta
ff
, arrested dissidents, and appointed
Salam Fayyad as Gaza’s prime minister
Gaza became independent of the West Bank.
Erlanger, Steven (2006-01-25). "A Narrow Win for Fatah Expected in Palestinian Elections - New York Times"

Ehud Olmert’s Re-Alignment Offer

Re-Alignment Plan
1. Palestinian Sovereignty
2. Return 94% of West Bank
3. Withdraw Israeli Forces
4. Dismantle small settlements
5. Land exchange for large settlements
6. Corridors between WB and Gaza
7. Joint administration of Jerusalem
8. Right of Return: Admit 1,000 Palestinians
every year based on humanitarian criteria
https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/ehud-olmert-s-peace-o
ff
er#:~:text=The%20main%20elements%20of%20Olmert's,have%20been%20split%20in%20half.
Ehud Omert
Mahmood Abbas

Ehud Olmert (Labor)
• 2006 Ariel Sharon su
ff
ered a stroke
• Olmert became acting prime minister
• Olmert hoped the Palestinian Civil War
gave opportunity for peace with Fatah.
• Announced the “Re-alignment Plan” to
withdraw Israeli forces from the West
Bank and turn over sovereignty to the PA
• Met in Annapolis, MD with Pres. Bush
68

Ehud Olmert showed Abbas a map…He told Abbas, “‘This is the
o
ff
er. Sign it and we can immediately get support from America, from
Europe, from all over the world.’ I told him he’d never get anything like
this again from an Israeli leader for 50 years.
https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/ehud-olmert-s-peace-o
ff
er#:~:text=The%20main%20elements%20of%20Olmert's,have%20been%20split%20in%20half.

Mahmoud Abbas said “he declined the proposal — which
included near-total withdrawal from West Bank and
relinquishing Israeli control of Jerusalem’s Old City —
because he wasn’t allowed to study map.”
Josef Federman, “Abbas Admits He Rejected the 2008 Peace O
ff
er”, Times of Israel. (19 Feb 2015). https://www.timeso
fi
srael.com/abbas-admits-he-rejected-2008-peace-o
ff
er-from-olmert/

Ehud Olmert
Embroiled in corruption charges
Stepped down
Was charged, arrested, incarcerated.
Replaced by PM Tzipi Livni
Replaced by Benjamin Netanyahu.
(Likud)
Peace process ended.
Susser, L. D.. "Tzipi Livni." Encyclopedia Britannica, January 27, 2024. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Tzipi-Livni.

Benjamin Netanyahu’s Coaltion

Benjamin Netanyahu
10 February 2009
Elected Prime Minister
Remains Prime minister
75

Conservative Coalition
Included members of Far Right
religious parties that opposed
• Two-State solution
• Oslo Agreement
• Any Palestinian State
• Withdrawal of WB Settlements
76
Zvi Sukkot, MK Religious Zionist Party
Chairman Committee on West Bank

Achievements
• One of the longest serving Prime Ministers
• Expanded Israel’s economy
• Tough on Security
• Prevented numerous terrorist attacks
• Presented a tough front to Hamas, Hezbollah, and Iran
• Created a united coalition in Knesset
• Partnered with President Trump in producing the Abraham Accords
https://www.nytimes.com/2023/09/27/magazine/benjamin-netanyahu-israel.html

Policies toward Peace Talks
• Rejected Land for Peace —“We don’t just hand over territory, close our eyes, and
hope for the best”
Efune, Dovid (6 October 2014). "Netanyahu Says Stance On Security Requirements Has Become 'Firmer'". Algemeiner Journal.

• Rejected Land for Peace
• Rejects Two-State Solution — A Palestinian State “will constitute an existential danger
to Israel”
https://www.nytimes.com/2024/01/21/world/middleeast/netanyahu-biden-israel-palestinian-state.html

• Rejected Land for Peace
• Rejects Two-State Solution
• Supports expanded Israeli Settlements on the West Bank
https://www.timeso
fi
srael.com/netanyahu-hands-smotrich-full-authority-to-expand-existing-settlements/

Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s government passed a…resolution Sunday that
gives…all control over planning approval for construction in West Bank settlements to
Finance Minister Bezalel Smotrich, an…advocate of settlements.
The decision approved at Sunday morning’s cabinet meeting, which takes immediate
e
ff
ect, also dramatically expedites and eases the process for expanding existing West
Bank settlements and retroactively legalizes previously illegal outposts.
Jeremy Sharon, “Netanyahu Hands Smotrich” Times of Israel (18 June 2023). https://www.timeso
fi
srael.com/netanyahu-hands-smotrich-full-authority-to-expand-existing-settlements/

Permitted 13,000 new settlements
More than 400,000 Israeli Settlers

West Bank Settlers
• 500,000 settlers West Bank
• 144 Settlements
• 100 illegal outposts
83
Bezalel Smotrich, Finance Minister (advocate for settlers)

Questions
• How does increased settlers a
ff
ect future peace
talks?
• Do settlers around Arab villages create possibility
for violence on the West Bank?
• Are settlements leverage for negotiation?
• Are settlements e
ff
orts to contain Arab villages?
• Are settlements e
ff
ort to curtail negotiation?
• How will they (or will they) be removed if a peace
deal is brokered?
84
Bezalel Smotrich, Finance Minister (advocate for settlers)

To Arab Lawmakers: “You’re here by mistake! Its a mistake that Ben-Gurion didn’t
fi
nish the job
and throw you all out in 1948.” (Smotrich) [1]
To Knesset: Israel should not sell homes to Arabs [inside Israel] Anyone who wants to protect the
Jewish people should oppose Jews marrying Arabs.(Bayit Yehudi) [2]
To Gazans: “Israel will no longer put up with the existence of Palestinians in Gaza,” calling Israel
to expel Palestinians en masse from Gaza. [3]
[1] Spiro, Amy . "Smotrich at Knesset: Ben-Gurion should have "
fi
nished the job", thrown out Arabs". The Times of Israel. (13 October 2021)
[2] Harkov, Lahav “Bayit Yehudi MK: God commanded Jews not to sell homes to Arabs". The Jerusalem Post.
[3] “Israeli O
ffi
cials' Calls For Emigration Of Palestinians Alarm Human Rights Experts". Hu
ff
Post. (4 January 2024)

First Hamas Attacks
28 March 2006
Hamas began
fi
ring rockets into Israel
25 June 2006
Militants in
fi
ltrated Israel through tunnel near Kerem
Shalom, Killed 2 soldiers and captured Gilad Shalit.
18 October 2011
Shalit was swapped for 1,027 Palestinians
88

Blockade of Gaza
Israel Blockaded of Gaza
Egypt blockaded Gaza in 2007 after
Hamas tried to destroy the border wall
and in
fi
ltrate Egypt.
Nations began condemning Israel for the
blockade
89

Who lives in Gaza?
2.1 Million residents
141 Square Miles
One of world’s most dense areas
70% of residents are refugees
50% of residents are under 18
Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Gaza Strip." Encyclopedia Britannica, February 22, 2024. https://www.britannica.com/place/Gaza-Strip.

Gaza Conflict Timeline
Aug 2006 — Israeli withdrew
Jan, 2006 — Hamas took over
Mar 2006 — Hamas
fi
red rockets
Jun 2006 — Captured Gilad Shalit
Dec 2008 — Israeli O
ff
ensive, Cease Fire
Nov 2012 — Israel assassinated Ahmad Jabari
Nov 2012 — Hamas rocket attacks, Israeli air strikes
https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/con
fl
ict-between-israel-palestinians-gaza-2023-10-07/

Gaza Conflict Timeline
Jul 2014 — Hamas kidnapped 3 teenagers, 7-week war ended in Cease
fi
re.
Mar 2018 — Palestinians charged the border walls. Israelis opened
fi
re
Mar 2021 — Hamas rocket attack following Israeli security incursion to Al Aqsa
Aug 2022 — Israel assassinated Khaled Mansour, commander of Iranian-backed militia
Aug 2022 — Islamic Jidhad (Iranian backed)
fi
res 1,000 rockets into Israel.
6 Aug 2022 — Egyptian mediated a truce
https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/con
fl
ict-between-israel-palestinians-gaza-2023-10-07/

Israel-Hamas Truce
6 August 2022
1. Israel o
ff
ered to halt air strikes
2. Issued 12,000 work permits
3. O
ff
ered 2,000 additional permits
4. O
ff
ered open all crossing points
5. Allowed humanitarian aid
https://www.npr.org/2022/08/07/1116218806/gaza-cease
fi
re-israel-palestinians-islamic-jihad
Yahya Sinwar, Head of Hamas in Gaza

October 7, 2023
Hamas militants in
fi
ltrated Israel
Killed 1,269 Israelis
Kidnapped 253 hostages
Fired 3,000 rockets on
fi
rst day
https://aoav.org.uk/2023/an-analysis-of-the-7th-of-october-2023-casualties-in-israel-as-a-result-of-the-hamas-attack/

Only 35% of Israelis think “a way can be found for Israel and an
independent Palestinian state to coexist peacefully” according
to Pew Research Study in Apr 2023.
https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/09/26/israelis-have-grown-more-skeptical-of-a-two-state-solution/

https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/09/26/israelis-have-grown-more-skeptical-of-a-two-state-solution/

https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2022/05/26/modest-warming-in-u-s-views-on-israel-and-palestinians/

https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2021/05/11/u-s-jews-connections-with-and-attitudes-toward-israel/

https://www.arabbarometer.org/media-news/what-palestinians-really-think-of-hamas/

https://news.gallup.com/poll/512828/palestinians-lack-faith-biden-two-state-solution.aspx

Populations
Israel 9.84 Million
Jews 7.21 Million (73%)
Arab 2.63 Million (27%)
Palestinians 5.34 Million
West Bank 3.18 Million
Gaza 2.16 Million
111
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/west-bank
https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/latest-population-statistics-for-israel

Expel
The Jews
One-State
Palestinian
One-State
Colaborative
Two-State
Solution
Confederation
Federation
Expel
Palestinians
Proposals

Expel
The Jews
One-State
Palestinian
One-State
Colaborative
Two-State
Solution
Confederation
Federation
Expel
Palestinians
Most Popular Solutions

Expel
The Jews
Proposals
Hamas
Iran
Islamic Jihad
Hezbollah

Preamble: Israel will continue to exist until Islam will annihilate it, just as it
annihilated others before it.
Hamas charter
https://embassies.gov.il/holysee/AboutIsrael/the-middle-east/Pages/The%20Hamas-Covenant.aspx

Expel
The
One-State
Palestinian
Proposals
Religious Arab States
Hamas Cofounder
Mahmoud Al Zahar
Libya (Gadda
fi
)

I do not rule out the possibility of having Jews, Muslims and Christians live
under the sovereignty of an Islamic state.
Mahmoud Al-Zahar, Hamas Co-founder
“Interview with Mahmoud Al Zahar” Al Jazeera. (8 Feb 2009) https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2009/2/8/interview-mahmoud-al-zahar

Expel
The
One-State
Palestinian
One-State
Colaborative
Proposals
Western Progressives
Palestinian Americans
Some WB Palestinians
Rashida Tlaib (D-Mich)

Talib supports a one-state solution entailing a single democratic state
encompassing Israel and the occupied territories, including Jews,
Muslims, and Christians
“I will not be silenced” The Guardian, (21 Nov 2012) https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2023/nov/12/rashida-tlaib-censure-congress-palestinian-rights-gaza

Expel
The Jews
One-State
Palestinian
One-State
Colaborative
Two-State
Solution
Proposals
Oslo Accords
United Nations
Moderate Arab
Countries
US Policy
Most American Jews
Many Israelis
Palestinian Authority

Expel
The
One-State
Palestinian
One-State
Colaborative
Two-State
Solution
Confederation
Federation
Proposals

Peace to
Prosperity
January, 2020
Benjamin Netanyahu
and the US Admin
PA was not present
122

Peace to Prosperity Proposal
• Palestinian Authority have 4 years to become self-sustaining
• PA will demilitarize
• Israel will annex Jordan River Valley
• Israel will annex land of the West Bank settlements
• Israel will annex East Jerusalem
• Israel will retain the right to intervene in PA territory
• Corridors between villages.
123

Peace to Prosperity Proposal
• PA was not present, or invited, to the conference
• Presented in 2020 to the Palestinian Authority as take or leave o
ff
er
• PA rejected proposal.
124

Expel
The
One-State
Palestinian
One-State
Colaborative
Two-State
Solution
Confederation
Federation
Expel
Palestinians
Proposals
Bezalel Smotrich, Religious Zionism
Ben-Gvir, Nationalist Front
Hilltop Youth

Bezalel Smotrich, National Religious Party (Religious Zionism) Itamar Ben-Gvir, Otzma Yehudit
630 × 900

MJTI PEP Unraveling the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict Part 4

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MJTI PEP Unraveling the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict Part 4