4. Muslims in the World
1.9 Billion Muslims
24% of the global population in 2020
World Religion Database. (2020). https://worldreligiondatabase.org
5. World Religions
Christianity 2.5 billion 32%
Islam 1.9 billion 24%
Hinduism 1.1 billion 14%
Buddhism 533 million 7%
Chinese Folk 466 million 6%
World Religion Database. (2020). https://worldreligiondatabase.org
6. Muslims in the World
1.9 billion Muslims Worldwide
4.45 million Muslims in United States
50k - 60k Muslims in Arizona
2020 US Census Bureau
https://cronkitenews.azpbs.org/2016/08/15/arizona-muslims-one-perception-many-faces/
7. 50,000 - 60,000 in Arizona
https://cronkitenews.azpbs.org/2016/08/15/arizona-muslims-one-perception-many-faces/
8. Muslims in the World
20% in Middle East
62% in Asia-Paci
fi
c
10% in Europe making up 5% of population
https://worldreligiondatabase-org
9. Muslims in the United States
• 56% of American Muslims arrived after 2000
• 82% of American Muslims are US citizens
• 42% of American Muslims are US born
12. Country of Origin Percentage %
United States 42
South Asia 20
Mideast 14
Africa 5
Europe 2
Country of Origin
13. 6%
10%
19%
33%
26%
2%
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020
1960
1950
1940
When did Muslims Immigrate to the United States
https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2017/07/26/demographic-portrait-of-muslim-americans/
14.
15. What can you say about the Muslim
community in the United States?
16. What can you say about the Muslim
community in the United States?
• Muslim Americans are no longer foreign immigrants
• Muslim Americans are established Americans
• Muslim American Culture values learning and hard work
• Muslim Americans are upwardly mobile
20. [Isaac] grew and was weaned. And Abraham made a great feast on the
day that Isaac was weaned. But Sarah saw [Ishmael] the son of Hagar the
Egyptian, whom she had borne to Abraham, laughing. So she said to
Abraham, “Cast out this slave woman with her son, for the son of this
slave woman shall not be heir with my son Isaac.” (Gen 21:8-11 ESV)
20
21. And the thing was very displeasing to Abraham on account of his son. But
God said to Abraham, “Be not displeased because of [Ishmael] because
of your slave woman. Whatever Sarah says to you, do as she tells you, for
through Isaac shall your o
ff
spring be named. And I will make a nation of
[Ishmael] also because he is your o
ff
spring.” (Gen 21:11-13 ESV)
21
22. So Abraham rose early in the morning and took bread and a skin of water
and gave it to Hagar, putting it on her shoulder, along with [Ishmael] and
sent her away. And she departed and wandered in the wilderness of
Beersheba. (Gen 21:14 ESV)
22
23. When the water in the skin was gone, she put [Ishmael] under one of the
bushes. Then she went and sat down opposite him a good way o
ff
, about
the distance of a bowshot, for she said, “Let me not look on the death of
the child.” And as she sat opposite him, she lifted up her voice and wept.
(Gen 21:15-17 ESV)
23
24. And God heard the voice of the boy, and the angel of God called to
Hagar from heaven and said to her, “What troubles you, Hagar? Fear not,
for God has heard the voice of [Ishmael] where he is. Up! Lift up [Ishmael],
and hold him fast with your hand, for I will make him into a great nation.”
(Gen 21:17-18 ESV)
24
25. Then God opened her eyes, and she saw a well of water. And she went
and
fi
lled the skin with water and gave [Ishmael] a drink. And God was
with the boy, and he grew up. He lived in the wilderness and became an
expert with the bow. He lived in the wilderness of Paran, and his mother
took a wife for him from the land of Egypt. (Gen 21:19-21 ESV)
25
45. Muhammed’s Life
• Two Sons who died
• Four daughters were his heirs
• Became a camel driver in Mecca
• Watered camels for pilgrims to Ka’aba
• Became very religious (what religion?)
47. Muhammed’s Revelation 610 AD
• Prayed and meditated in Cave of Hira
• Received revelation from Angel Gavriel (Gabriel)
• Laylat al-Qadr (Night of Power)
• Angel commanded: “Recite!”
• But Muhammed was illiterate
52. Medina
622 - 632 AD
King of Medina protected him
Converted to Islam
Islam grew
Islamic Law developed Mosque of the Prophet
53. Sharia Law
Established in Medina Sharia Law
"the clear, well-trodden path to water”
Religious Civil Laws
Mosque of the Prophet
54. Different Origins
Judaism — developed as a religion of exiles
Christianity — developed as counter-culture religion
Islam — developed as a State Religion
55. Different Origins
Judaism — Practices as refugees in exile
Christianity — Beliefs of those in opposition to the State
Islam — State Religion with civil and religious laws
69. Pact of Omar (644 AD)
1. Protects Dhimmis (non-Muslims)
2. Prohibits rebuilding churches/synagogues
3. Prohibits Churches/Synagogues higher than mosques
4. Requires Dhimmis to pay Jizya
5. Prohibits evangelism or trying to convert a Muslim to Christianity
6. Prohibits public religious celebrations
70. Pact of Omar (644 AD)
7. Prohibits public displays of crosses
8. Prohibits loud sounds (ex. Calls to worship)
9. Prohibits stopping someone from converting to Islam
10. Prohibits dressing like or imitating Muslims
11. Requires Dhimmis rise in presence of Muslim
71. Pact of Omar (644 AD)
12. Requires Christians wear blue belts or turbins
13. Requires Jews to wear yellow belts or yellow hats
84. How did Islam Spread (632 - 750)
Christians, Zoroastrians, and Jews CHOICE
1. Submit to the Pact of Omar
2. Become Dhimmis (subjects) and pay the Jizya (tax) or
3. Convert to Islam or
4. Be Killed
106. Westernization of the Islamic World
• Women’s rights
• Modern movies, radio, and TV
• Rock and Popular Music
• Democratic, Secular Government
• Western Dress and culture
107. Rise of Modern Arab Nationalism
• Secular National Identities that was not religious
• Secular Governments
• Political alliances with Soviet Union or America
• Dictatorships repressing Islamic extremism
116. Rise of Islamic Extremism
1. Reaction to Western Culture
2. Reaction to Secular Governments
3. Reaction to Dictators in Arab Countries
4. Advocated Sharia Law in all Islamic Nations
120. Timeline of the Conflict
1948 - Israel declares independence.
1948 - Arab armies invaded Israel. Arab inhabitants were displaced and became refugees.
1964 - Arab refugees united and called themselves PALESTINIANS
1967 - Six-Day War, Arab armies invaded Israel. Israel captured the West Bank & Gaza, occupying.
1995 - Israel recognized Independent Palestine. Westbank and Gaza become self-governed but occupied.
2005 - Israel withdrew from the GAZA strip. Gaza became an independent, unoccupied country.
2007 - Hamas took over GAZA and launched repeated attacks on Israel.
2007 - present — HAMAS repeatedly attacks Israel, refusing negotiation, swearing to annihilate Israel
2023 - Hamas launched attack, killing 900 civilians & kidnapping 150 civilians funded by and supported by Iran.
120
121. Latest in Israel-Gaza Conflict
• Saturday, October 7 — Hamas militants from Gaza invaded Southern Israel
5,000 rockets
fi
red into Israel, including Tel Aviv & Jerusalem
260 Israelis killed at a Rock Concert in S Israel
150 Israeli civilians kidnapped and taken back to Gaza
900 Israelis killed, almost all civilians
121
122. What are their claims?
• Israel occupies Jerusalem, 3rd Holy Site
• Israel occupies Palestine and oppresses Palestinians
• Israel normalized relationships with Arab countries
Egypt, Jordan, Morocco, Sudan, United Arab Emirates, and working on
Saudi Arabia.
139. How Texts formalize Language
• Tanach (Old Testament) formalized Hebrew language
• Works of Cicero (70 BC - 14 AD) formalized Latin
• Shakespeare & King James Bible formalized Modern English
• Quran (7th Century) formalized Arabic Language
144. Six Articles of Faith
1. Belief in One God
2. Belief in Angels
3. Belief in the Prophets
4. Belief in the Resurrection and Final Judgment
5. Belief in the Holy Books
6. Belief in Divine Decree
145. 1. Belief in One God
Allah, who is indivisible, incomparable
to men or women, not begotten, and
not a trinity
146. 2. Belief in Angels
• Angels created from light
• Angels have no free will
• Angels created for task or purpose
• Jin created from
fi
re
• Jin have free will
• Bad Jin follow Satan
• Good Jin operate in the world
147. 3. Belief in the Prophets
God sent men & women prophets
including Abraham, Moses, Isa (Jesus),
and His last prophet, Muhammad.
148. 4. Belief in Resurrection
and Final Judgement
All men & women will die, and rise
again in the resurrection after which
they will face judgement
149. End Times
• Signs of the End times: Immorality, crime, callousness
• Coming of the Mahdi (Guided One)
• Unite Muslims
• Isa will return & rule
• Satan will be killed
• Resurrection of the Dead
• Day of Judgement
150. 5. Belief in the Holy Books
1. Old Testament
2. New Testament
3. Quran “recitation”
OT & NT were corrupted
Quran only was preserved
151. 6. Belief in the Divine Decree
Allah ordained certain things in life
All things happen according to the Will
of Allah. Men and women’s duty is to
accept His will.
159. Adhan (Call to worship)
Allahu akbar Allah is great
Ashadu an la ilaha illa llah I bear witness there is no god but Allah
Ashadu ‘Anna Muhmmadan rasulu illah I bear witness that Muhammad is Allah’s prophet
Chayya ‘ala s-salah Hasten to prayer!
Chayya ‘ala I-falah Hasten to salvation
As-salatu khayrun mina n’nawa prayer is better than sleep
Allahu ‘akbar Allah is great
la ilaha illa llah. There is no god but Allah
163. Ramadan
• Eve. Wed. March 22 - Eve. Fri. April 21, 2023
• When ‘Allah gave Muhammad 1st Chapter of Qu’ran
• Fast, and Restraint (ex. No movies, dance, intimacy)
169. The Duties of a Muslim
1. Duty to Parents: Honoring family and parents
2. Duty to Others
3. Duty to Neighbor
4. Duty to Society: Justice
5. Duty to the Earth: Care for the Earth
6. Duty to Animals: Care for Animals
172. The Masjid (Mosque)
• Community Center
• Place of worship
• Place to give Zakat (charity)
• Place of learning (study)
• Market Place (books, Islamic materials)
172
182. Assamualaikum
AT end of prayer they say
“Assamualaikum” (Peace be to you).
Look to right and left to remind the angel
to record their deeds
Right angel records good deeds
Left angel records bad deeds
182
192. Doa Gaun
Long, round, intricately embroidered
cotton veils, slip over the heads, tied in
the back with a ribbon. Worn primarily
during prayer.
Shows the entire face
196. Niqab
Veil for the face, showing only
the eyes. Worn in Central Asia,
such as Iran, Iraq, Pakistan and
very traditional societies
197. Burqa
Long overgarment concealing
the entire body except the
hands, with a screen for the
eyes. Worn in Iran,
Afghanistan, Pakistan, and very
traditional societies
200. Women in Islam
1. Men & women were created “from one soul” (Surah 4:1)
200
201. Women & Marriage
1. Men & women were created “from one soul” (Surah 4:1)
2. God created all things in pairs (Surah 51:49)
201
202. Women & Marriage
1. Men & women were created “from one soul” (Surah 4:1)
2. God created all things in pairs (Surah 51:49)
3. Men & women will be rewarded in paradise (Surah 3:195)
202
203. Women & Marriage
1. Men & women were created “from one soul” (Surah 4:1)
2. God created all things in pairs (Surah 51:49)
3. Men & women will be rewarded in paradise (Surah 3:195)
4. Men should treat women respectfully with kindness (Surah 4:19)
203
204. Women & Marriage
1. Men & women were created “from one soul” (Surah 4:1)
2. God created all things in pairs (Surah 51:49)
3. Men & women will be rewarded in paradise (Surah 3:195)
4. Men should treat women respectfully with kindness (Surah 4:19)
5. Husbands are leaders in marriage. Women are not inferior (Surah 4:34)
204
205. Women & Marriage
1. Men & women were created “from one soul” (Surah 4:1)
2. God created all things in pairs (Surah 51:49)
3. Men & women will be rewarded in paradise (Surah 3:195)
4. Men should treat women respectfully with kindness (Surah 4:19)
5. Husbands are leaders in marriage. Women are not inferior (Surah 4:34)
6. Women dress modestly outside. No command to be completely veiled.
205
206. Women & Marriage
1. Men & women were created “from one soul” (Surah 4:1)
2. God created all things in pairs (Surah 51:49)
3. Men & women will be rewarded in paradise (Surah 3:195)
4. Men should treat women respectfully with kindness (Surah 4:19)
5. Husbands are leaders in marriage. Women are not inferior (Surah 4:34)
6. Women dress modestly outside. No command to be completely veiled.
7. Men can marry up to 4 wives & must treat them fairly & equally (Surah 4:3)
206
207. Women & Marriage
1. Men & women were created “from one soul” (Surah 4:1)
2. God created all things in pairs (Surah 51:49)
3. Men & women will be rewarded in paradise (Surah 3:195)
4. Men should treat women respectfully with kindness (Surah 4:19)
5. Husbands are leaders in marriage. Women are not inferior (Surah 4:34)
6. Women dress modestly outside. No command to be completely veiled.
7. Men can marry up to 4 wives & must treat them fairly & equally (Surah 4:3)
8. Muslim men may marry Jewish or Christian wives, but not pagan (Surah 2:221)
207
208. Women & Marriage
1. Men & women were created “from one soul” (Surah 4:1)
2. God created all things in pairs (Surah 51:49)
3. Men & women will be rewarded in paradise (Surah 3:195)
4. Men should treat women respectfully with kindness (Surah 4:19)
5. Husbands are leaders in marriage. Women are not inferior (Surah 4:34)
6. Women dress modestly outside. No command to be completely veiled.
7. Men can marry up to 4 wives & must treat them fairly & equally (Surah 4:3)
8. Muslim men may marry Jewish or Christian wives, but not pagan (Surah 2:221)
9. Women are unclean during their period (Surah 2:222)
208
209. Women & Marriage
1. Men & women were created “from one soul” (Surah 4:1)
2. God created all things in pairs (Surah 51:49)
3. Men & women will be rewarded in paradise (Surah 3:195)
4. Men should treat women respectfully with kindness (Surah 4:19)
5. Husbands are leaders in marriage. Women are not inferior (Surah 4:34)
6. Women dress modestly outside. No command to be completely veiled.
7. Men can marry up to 4 wives & must treat them fairly & equally (Surah 4:3)
8. Muslim men may marry Jewish or Christian wives, but not pagan (Surah 2:221)
9. Women are unclean during their period (Surah 2:222)
10.Adultery requires public punishment (Surah 4:15-18)
209
210. Women & Marriage
1. Men & women were created “from one soul” (Surah 4:1)
2. God created all things in pairs (Surah 51:49)
3. Men & women will be rewarded in paradise (Surah 3:195)
4. Men should treat women respectfully with kindness (Surah 4:19)
5. Husbands are leaders in marriage. Women are not inferior (Surah 4:34)
6. Women dress modestly outside. No command to be completely veiled.
7. Men can marry up to 4 wives & must treat them fairly & equally (Surah 4:3)
8. Muslim men may marry Jewish or Christian wives, but not pagan (Surah 2:221)
9. Women are unclean during their period (Surah 2:222)
10.Adultery requires public punishment (Surah 4:15-18)
11.Divorce is permitted, but only after attempt to reconcile (Surah 226:242)
210
211. Women & Marriage
1. Men & women were created “from one soul” (Surah 4:1)
2. God created all things in pairs (Surah 51:49)
3. Men & women will be rewarded in paradise (Surah 3:195)
4. Men should treat women respectfully with kindness (Surah 4:19)
5. Husbands are leaders in marriage. Women are not inferior (Surah 4:34)
6. Women dress modestly outside. No command to be completely veiled.
7. Men can marry up to 4 wives & must treat them fairly & equally (Surah 4:3)
8. Muslim men may marry Jewish or Christian wives, but not pagan (Surah 2:221)
9. Women are unclean during their period (Surah 2:222)
10.Adultery requires public punishment (Surah 4:15-18)
11.Divorce is permitted, but only after attempt to reconcile (Surah 226:242)
12.At death, estate divided up: husband receives ½ wife. Wife receives ¼ of husband’s (Surah 4:7-12)
211
212. Gender Norms in Islam
1. Men should touch a woman who is not his wife
212
213. Gender Norms in Islam
1. Men should touch a woman who is not his wife
2. Men & women should dress modestly
213
214. Gender Norms in Islam
1. Men should touch a woman who is not his wife
2. Men & women should dress modestly
3. Men often wear a head covering after they completed the Hajj
214
215. Gender Norms in Islam
1. Men should touch a woman who is not his wife
2. Men & women should dress modestly
3. Men often wear a head covering after they completed the Hajj
4. Men often wear head coverings during prayer
215
216. Gender Norms in Islam
1. Men should touch a woman who is not his wife
2. Men & women should dress modestly
3. Men often wear a head covering after they completed the Hajj
4. Men often wear head coverings during prayer
5. Men and women are separated in school and in the Mosque
216
217. Gender Norms in Islam
1. Men should touch a woman who is not his wife
2. Men & women should dress modestly
3. Men often wear a head covering after they completed the Hajj
4. Men often wear head coverings during prayer
5. Men and women are separated in school and in the Mosque
6. Men and women are expected to be married early
217
219. Cultural Values
• Male dominate (women subordinate roles)
• Collectivist (not individual)
• High Uncertainty avoidance
220. Cultural Values
• Giving to charity
• Modesty and conservative dress
• Hospitality and generosity
• Respect all religion and tradition
221. Sensitivities
• Israel and their occupation of the territories
• Palestinians and autonomy
• Dietary restrictions
• Social interaction of men with women
• Modest dress (especially women)
222. Sensitivities
• Movies, music, celebration (ex. Alcohol)
• Avoid depictions of Muhammed
• Never criticize Muhammed or the Quran
• Don’t put the Quran on the
fl
oor!
226. Quran
114 Surahs (Chapters)
Each chapter has Ayat (Verses)
Begins with Bismillah
“In the name of Allah”
Ordered in size, not chronology
227. 1. In the Name of Allah the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful.
2. [All] praise is [due] to Allah, Lord of the worlds -
3. The Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful,
4. Sovereign of the Day of Recompense.
5. It is You we worship and You we ask for help
6. Guide us to the straight path-
7. The path of those upon whom You have bestowed favor, not of those
who have evoked [Your] anger or of those who are astray.
Quran 1:1–7
233. Sunni Islam
• 89 - 90% of Muslims
• Abu Bakr Siddique Caliph
• Await the Mahdi, true successor
• Imam is only a religious leader
• Followers do not need intermediary
234. Shi’a Islam
• 200 Million followers
• Iran, Iraq, Yemen, and Syria
• Ali ibn Talib was divine successor
• Imam religious & community leader
• Imam decides meaning of Quran
235. Ibadi Islam
• Oman
• Claims they pre-date Sunni & Shi’a
• God will not show himself on Judgement day
• Do not need community leader a
236. Ahmadiyya Islam
• East Africa, Southeast Asia
• Mirza Ghulam Ahmad (1835 - 1908)
• Ahmad was newest prophet
• Renewal movement
• Beliefs similar to Sunni
237. Su
fi
sm Islam
• Turkey, Iran, Greece, Balkans
• Follow Ali Ibn Talib (successor)
• Puri
fi
cation of the Inner Self
• Personal, mystical experience with Allah
• Cross-denominational movement
238. Bahai
• Persia in 1844
• Taught God would send a new prophet
The Bab (1819 - 1850)
239. Bahai
• Baha’ullah claimed to be that prophet.
• In 1863 declared he was the new prophet
• Was thrown in jail
Baha’ullah. (1817-1892)
240. Bahai
• Abdul-Bahai (son) in 1908 traveled to
Europe and the US teaching.
• Established Bahai religion
241. Bahai
• Today about 5-8 million adherents to Bahai
• Claims to unite all the world religions
242. Wahhabism
• 1703-1792
• Founded Wahhabi Islam
• Reaction to Modern Culture
• Return to Strict Islam
Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhāb
244. Wahhabism
Sunni, Reform movement that sought
to purge medieval practices such as
venerating Muslim saints, and
sacred shrines.
Return to 7th century Islam as they
believed it to be.
Jihadist Movement
Taliban in Afghanistan
