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![1. In the Name of Allah the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful.
2. [All] praise is [due] to Allah, Lord of the worlds -
3. The Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful,
4. Sovereign of the Day of Recompense.
5. It is You we worship and You we ask for help
6. Guide us to the straight path-
7. The path of those upon whom You have bestowed favor, not of those
who have evoked [Your] anger or of those who are astray.
Quran 1:1–7](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/int-244topic3islam-230216155108-e55028a0/85/INT-244-Topic-3-Islam-pdf-166-320.jpg)
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INT-244 Topic 3 Islam.pdf
- 1. Desert Rose (Sting,1999)
- 2. Announcements • Fri, Feb17 @ 12:40 pm Field Trip to Islamic Community Center 2515 W Orangewood near I-17. • Sun, Feb 19 @ 11:59 pm Quiz 3 due • Sun, Feb 19 @ 11:59 pm Islam Essay due
- 3.
- 4. Islam Essay Write anessay on a branch, movement, or school of thought of Islam. (Ex. Shi’a, Sunni, Su fi , Nation of Islam)
- 5. Islam Essay Introduction (5pts) • One paragraph • Introduce the branch, sect, or movement • Write ONE comprehensive, boring, thesis statement
- 6. Islam Essay Part 1— Demography/Geography (10 pts) • One paragraph • How many members? • Where are most of them? • Give a chart or map • cite an academic source for your facts with location
- 7. Islam Essay Part 2— History or Biography (10 pts) • One paragraph • Describe its history • Short Bio of the founder if it has one • Cite an academic source & location for the info
- 8. Islam Essay Part 3— Beliefs (15 pts) • One paragraph • Identify & describe 3 core beliefs or practices speci fi c to movement • Please do NOT review general Muslim beliefs • Cite an academic source and location for this info.
- 9. Islam Essay Part 4— Organization or Mosque (15 pts) • One paragraph • Find a Mosque, School, or organization from this branch of Islam. Some branches only have organizations. • Identify it, and report where it is and what their mission is, and who their leader is or CEO • Cite the website of the Mosque, school, or organization.
- 10. Islam Essay Part 5— Re fl ect & Discuss (10 pts) • One paragraph • Compare and contrast the beliefs/practices from a Christian Worldview point, and cite a Scripture • Or, what do you agree with? What do you disagree with? • Or, alternatively how would you sensitively engage a member of this branch or movement?
- 11. Islam Essay Conclusion (5pts) • One paragraph • Tell the read what you just said. • Do NOT introduce new facts, just re-summarize.
- 12.
- 13.
- 14. Islam INT-244 • WorldReligions • Topic 3a
- 15.
- 16.
- 17. Muslims in theWorld 24.2% of the global population in 2020 World Religion Database. (2020). https://worldreligiondatabase.org
- 18. World Religions Christianity 32.16% Islam24.20% Hinduism 13.58% Buddhism 6.83% Chinese Folk 5.98% World Religion Database. (2020). https://worldreligiondatabase.org
- 19. Muslims in theWorld 1.89 billion Muslims Worldwide 4.56 million Muslims in United States 50k - 60k Muslims in Arizona https://worldreligiondatabase-org https://cronkitenews.azpbs.org/2016/08/15/arizona-muslims-one-perception-many-faces/
- 20. 50,000 - 60,000in Arizona https://cronkitenews.azpbs.org/2016/08/15/arizona-muslims-one-perception-many-faces/
- 21. Muslims in theWorld 20% in Middle East 62% in Asia-Paci fi c 10% Europeans will be Muslim by 2050 https://worldreligiondatabase-org
- 22. Muslims in theUnited States • 56% of American Muslims immigrated after 2000 • 82% of Muslims are US citizens • 42% of American Muslims were US-born
- 23.
- 24. US. Department ofState, April 2001
- 25. Country of OriginPercentage % United States 42 South Asia 20 Mideast 14 Africa 5 Europe 2 Country of Origin
- 26. Portrait of MuslimAmericans 58% Muslim Americans were born abroad 42% Muslim Americans were born in the US 82% Muslim Americans are US Citizens https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2017/07/26/demographic-portrait-of-muslim-americans/
- 27. When did MuslimAmericans Immigrate? 2% - 1970 6% 1970 - 1980 10% 1980 - 1990 19% 1990 - 2000 33% 2000 - 2009 26% 2010 - 2017 https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2017/07/26/demographic-portrait-of-muslim-americans/
- 29. What can yousay about the Muslim community in the United States?
- 30. What can yousay about the Muslim community in the United States? • Muslim Americans are no longer a community of immigrants • Muslim Americans are established Americans • Muslim American Culture values learning and hard work • Muslim Americans are upwardly mobile
- 31. Can you tellwhich faith tradition?
- 32.
- 33.
- 34. Roman Empire Split330 AD
- 35.
- 36.
- 37.
- 38. Arabs Zoroastrian Byzantine Coptic Jews In fl uence byJudaism, Zoroastrianism, & Christianity
- 39. Islam grew outof conversation between three religions
- 40.
- 41. Judaism Christianity Islam YES! • Ways ofworship • The Bible • Doing theology • Liturgical Forms
- 42. Judaism Christianity Islam YES! • Ways ofworship • The Bible • Doing theology • Liturgical Forms NO! Trinity Need for sacri fi ce Jesus, Son of God
- 43.
- 44.
- 45. Ka’aba Ka’aba = Cube •Meteorite • Venerated as divine by Arabs • Mecca, Arab holy site
- 46.
- 47.
- 48. Muhammed’s Upbringing • 570AD Born in Mecca • Hashemite Arab Tribe • Family possibly Zoroastrians
- 49. Muhammed’s Upbringing • Father(Abdullah) died before he was born • Mother (Amina) died when he was a child • Uncle (Abu Talib) raised him, later be heir • Wife (Khadija) married in 595, 30 years older than him
- 50. Muhammed’s Life • TwoSons died • Four daughters became heirs • Became a camel driver in Mecca • Watered camels for pilgrims to Ka’aba • Seemed to already be religious
- 51. Cave of Hira 610AD The Night of Power
- 52. Muhammed’s Revelation 610AD • Prayed and meditated in Cave of Hira • Received revelation from Angel Gavriel (Gabriel) • Laylat al-Qadr (Night of Power) • Angel commanded: “Recite!” • But Muhammed was illiterate
- 53. Preached in Mecca Onenessof Allah
- 54. ‘Allah = Arabicfor God אלה = Aramaic in Book of Daniel
- 55. Hegira 622 AD Flight toMedina Year One
- 56. Medina 622 - 632AD King of Medina protected him Converted to Islam Islam grew Islamic Law developed Mosque of the Prophet
- 57. Sharia Law Established inMedina Sharia Law Arabic "the clear, well-trodden path to water” Religious Civil Laws Mosque of the Prophet
- 58. Different Origins Judaism —developed as religion of exiles Christianity — developed as counter-culture religion Islam — developed as a State Religion
- 59. Different Origins Judaism —practices as refugees in exile Christianity — Beliefs of community in opposition to culture Islam — State Religion with civil as well as religious law
- 60. Battle of Trench 627AD Meccans attacked Medina Defense of Medina
- 61. Slaughter of Qurayza 627AD Executed 400-600 Jews in Medina
- 62. Treaty of Hudaybiyyah 628 AD BetweenMedina & Mecca’s Qurayshi Tribe
- 63. Conquest of Mecca 630AD Led army back to Mecca First Hajj (Pilgrimage)
- 64. Death of Muhammad 632AD Abu Bakr took over
- 66.
- 67. Abu Bakr 573 -634 AD First Caliph Muhmd Father-in-Law
- 68. Quran Abu Bakr beganediting Begun 632 AD Finalized 656 AD Means recitation
- 69. Quran Estab. Arabicwritten language
- 70. How Texts formalizeLanguage • Tanach (Old Testament) formalized Hebrew language • Works of Cicero (70 BC - 14 AD) formalized Latin • Shakespeare & King James Bible formalized Modern English • Quran (7th Century) formalized Arabic Language
- 71.
- 72. Spread of IslamUnder Abu Baker (632 - 634)
- 73.
- 74. Spread of IslamUnder Umar (634-644)
- 75. Conquered Jerusalem Established Pact ofUmar Built Shrine of the Rock Built Al Aqsa Mosque Third Sacred Site Dome of the Rock / Mosque of Omar
- 76. Pact of Omar(644 AD) • Protects Dhimmis (non-Muslims) • Prohibits rebuilding churches/synagogues • Churches/Synagogues lower than mosques • Dhimmis must pay Jizya • Prohibits evangelism • Prohibits public religious celebrations
- 77. Pact of Omar(644 AD) • Prohibits public displays of crosses • Prohibits loud sounds (ex. Call to worship) • Prohibits stopping a conversion to Islam • Prohibits imitating Muslims • Requires Dhimmis rise in presence of Muslim
- 78. Pact of Omar(644 AD) • Christians to wear blue belts or turbins • Jews to wear yellow belts or hats
- 79. Uthman 644-656 Third Caliph Circulated theQuoran In all the provinces Conquered N Africa
- 80. Spread of IslamUnder Uthman (644–656)
- 81. Caliph Ali 656-661 Alī ibnAbī Ṭālib Fourth Caliph Son-in-law of Muhammed Claimed heir by lineage Claimed only true heir
- 82. Caliph Ali 656-661 Founder ofShi’a Islam
- 83. Shi’a / SunniSplit Martyred in 661
- 84. Umayyad Dynasty 661-750 AD Capital inDamascus, Syria Great Umayyad Mosque Fourth Sacred Site Umayyad Mosque, Damascus
- 85. Spread of IslamUnder Umayyads (661-750)
- 86. Abbasid Dynasty 750-1249 Capital in Baghdad,Iraq Golden Age of Islam Baghdad
- 87. Golden Age ofIslam
- 88. How did IslamSpread (632 - 750) Christians, Zoroastrians, and Jews given a choice 1. Submit to the Pact of Omar 2. Become Dhimmis (subjects) and pay the Jizya (tax) or 3. Convert to Islam or 4. Be Killed
- 89. How do wetalk about the spread of Islam?
- 90.
- 91. Islamic Contributions • Math:Algebra, Geometry • Science: Medicine, Astronomy • Culture and Trade with the East • Medicine: surgery, medicines
- 92. Islamic Contributions • Literature:Preservation of Greek manuscripts including the Bible
- 93. Islamic Contributions toEurope Rice, sugar cane, Egyptian Cotton, hemp, oranges, lemons, melons, pistachios, apricots, syrups
- 94.
- 95. Clark, 2017, TheStory of Europe
- 96. Islamic Contributions Jews fl eeing christianEurope found sanctuary in Islamic lands
- 98. Does the GoldenAge of Islam change your perspective on Islam?
- 99.
- 100. Ottoman Empire The LastCaliphate 1299 - 1922
- 101. Ottoman Empire 1299- 1922
- 102. Conquest of Constantinople 1453 Conquest ofByzantine Empire Ottoman becomes European kingdom Renamed the city of Istanbul
- 103. Battle of Vienna 1683 Deepestpoint in Europe
- 104. Invention of Croissant Austrian Bakers CelebrateRepulsion of Islam
- 105. Birth of Cafe’s Coffeehouses spread in Austria and then France
- 106. Ottoman Empire WorldWar I
- 107. Modernization of IslamicWorld 1918 - 1950s
- 108.
- 109. Islamic Nationalism &Modernization
- 110.
- 111. Growing freedom ofwomen in Islamic societies
- 112. Modernization of theIslamic World • Women’s rights • Modern fi lm and TV • Popular Music • Democratic Institutions • Popular Dress and culture
- 113. Rise of ModernArab Nationalism • Modernization in Islamic Countries • Arab nationalism • Secular Arab Governments • Emergence of secular dictatorships
- 114. Political Polarization inIslamic World • Global Cold War • Pressure to align with Soviet Union or the United States •
- 115.
- 116. Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhāb 1703-1792 FoundedWahhabi Islam Reaction to Modern Culture Return to Strict Islam
- 117. Wahhabi Islam Spreads inSaudi Arabia
- 118. Hasan Al-Banna 1906-1949 Founded PoliticalIslam School Teacher Traveled to America Despaired liberal culture
- 119. Hasan Al-Banna Founded theMuslim Brotherhood In Egypt
- 120. Mohamed Morsi Muslim Brotherhood Egypt Taliban Afghanistan Khomeini Iran GlobalReligious Reaction to Modernity
- 121. Rise of IslamicExtremism 1. Reaction to Modern Culture 2. Reaction to Secular Governments 3. Reaction to Political Pressure from Cold War Super Powers
- 122. Rise of IslamicExtremism • Reaction to the State of Israel • Perceived as a Western Foothold in Islamic World
- 123. Sunni-Shi’a Schism INT-244 Topic3 • Day 3
- 124. Sunni Islam Caliph AbuBakr 573 - 634 AD Abu Bakr was a Caliph But not a divine prophet
- 125. Shi’a Ali Ali ibnTalib 601 - 661 AD Divinely appointed Imam Muhammad’s successor Abu Bakr’s Cousin
- 126. Schism Shia’t Ali —Followers of Ali Sunni — The Way
- 127.
- 128.
- 129. Jerusalem: Dome ofthe Rock Medina: Mosque of the Prophet Mecca: The Ka’aba Damascus: Umayyad Mosque Najaf, Iraq: Imam Ali
- 130.
- 131. 2. Mosque ofthe Prophet in Medina
- 132. 3. Dome ofthe Rock in Jerusalem
- 133. 4. Umayyad Mosque Damascus,Syria The Great Mosque Muhammad’s grandson Husayn ibn Ali Place where Isa (Jesus) will return
- 134. 5. Imam Ali Najaf,Iraq Sacred to only to Shi’a Tomb of Ali, brother of Muhammad
- 135.
- 136. Islam Beliefs Practices Duties FivePillars Six Articles of Faith Divine Duties
- 137. Belief: Six Articlesof Faith
- 138. Six Articles ofFaith 1. Belief in One God 2. Belief in Angels 3. Belief in the Prophets 4. Belief in the Resurrection and Final Judgment 5. Belief in the Holy Books 6. Belief in Divine Decree
- 139. Belief in OneGod Allah, who is indivisible, incomparable to men or women, not begotten, and not a trinity
- 140. Belief in Angels Angelscreated from light Angels have no free will Angels created for task or purpose Jin created from fi re Jin have free will Bad Jin follow Satan Good Jin operate in the world
- 141. Belief in theProphets God sent men & women prophets including Abraham, Moses, Isa (Jesus), and His last prophet, Muhammad.
- 142. Belief in Resurrection andFinal Judgement All men & women will die, and rise again in the resurrection after which they will face judgement
- 143. End Times • Signsof the End times: Immorality, crime, callousness • Coming of the Mahdi (Guided One) • Unite Muslims • Isa will return & rule • Satan will be killed • Resurrection of the Dead • Day of Judgement
- 144. Belief in theHoly Books Allah revealed Himself in the Old Testament, New Testament, and the Quran. Only the Quran is the divine Word of God that has not been corrupted.
- 145. Belief in theDivine Decree Allah ordained certain things in life All things happen according to the Will of Allah. Men and women’s duty is to accept His will.
- 146. Practice: Five Pillarsof Islam
- 148. Shahada Confession There is noGod but Allah and Muhammad is his prophet.
- 150. Salat Praying Five Times •Before sunrise • Noon • Midday • After sunset • Night
- 151. Great Mosque inIstanbul Minaret (Beacon)
- 152. Adhan (Call toworship) Allahu akbar Allah is great Ashadu an la ilaha illa llah I bear witness there is no god but Allah Ashadu ‘Anna Muhmmadan rasulu illah I bear witness that Muhammad is Allah’s prophet Chayya ‘ala s-salah Hasten to prayer! Chayya ‘ala I-falah Hasten to salvation As-salatu khayrun mina n’nawa prayer is better than sleep Allahu ‘akbar Allah is great la ilaha illa llah. There is no god but Allah
- 154.
- 155.
- 156. Ramadan • Sat., April2 — Mon, May 2, 2022 • Fast, and Restraint (ex. No movies, dance, intimacy) • Allah gave fi rst chapters of Quran to Muhammad in 610
- 157. Iftar (meal aftersunset)
- 158. Eid al-Fitr (Feastafter Ramadan)
- 159.
- 160. Duties: The Dutiesof a Muslim
- 161. The Duties ofa Muslim • Duty to Parents: Honoring family and parents • Duty to Others • Duty to Neighbor • Justice • Care for the Earth • Care for Animals
- 162. Practices & ReligiousObjects
- 163. Quran Revealed by Gabrielto Muhammad Over 23 years Concluded in 632 AD
- 164. Quran Means Recitation Read Aloud Readin Arabic Memorized
- 165. Quran 114 Surahs (Chapters) Eachchapter has Ayat (Verses) Begins with Bismillah “In the name of Allah” Ordered in size, not chronology
- 166. 1. In theName of Allah the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful. 2. [All] praise is [due] to Allah, Lord of the worlds - 3. The Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful, 4. Sovereign of the Day of Recompense. 5. It is You we worship and You we ask for help 6. Guide us to the straight path- 7. The path of those upon whom You have bestowed favor, not of those who have evoked [Your] anger or of those who are astray. Quran 1:1–7
- 167. Prayer Mat Prostration &Sitting Value Cleanliness Prostrate forehead to fl oor
- 168. Prayer Beads Misbaha 99 smallbeads (or) 33 large Beads
- 169. Wudhu Ceremonial Washing Before prayer Ablution(cleanse of sin)
- 170. Sacred Story 1. Godcalled Abraham, fi rst monotheist 2. Ishmael, not Isaac, was Abraham’s Heir 3. Ishmael traveled to Mecca where Abraham built the Ka’aba 4. God sent prophets, all rejected 5. Gabriel appeared to Muhammad, fi nal prophet 6. Resurrection at the end of time and fi nal battle 7. Final judgement of the world
- 171.
- 172.
- 173. Sunni Islam • 89- 90% of Muslims • Abu Bakr Siddique Caliph • Await the Mahdi, true successor • Imam is only a religious leader • Followers do not need intermediary
- 174. Shi’a Islam • 200Million followers • Iran, Iraq, Yemen, and Syria • Ali ibn Talib was divine successor • Imam religious & community leader • Imam decides meaning of Quran
- 175. Ibadi Islam • Oman •Claims they pre-date Sunni & Shi’a • God will not show himself Judgement day • Do not need community leader a
- 176. Ahmadiyya Islam • EastAfrica, Southeast Asia • Mirza Ghulam Ahmad (1835 - 1908) • Ahmad was newest prophet • Renewal movement • Beliefs similar to Sunni
- 177. Su fi sm Islam • Turkey,Iran, Greece, Balkans • Follow Ali Ibn Talib (successor) • Puri fi cation of the Inner Self • Personal, mystical experience with Allah • Cross-denominational movement
- 178. Bahai • Persia in1844 • Taught God would send a new prophet The Bab (1819 - 1850)
- 179. Bahai • Baha’ullah claimedto be that prophet. • In 1863 declared he was the new prophet • Was thrown in jail Baha’ullah. (1817-1892)
- 180. Bahai • Abdul-Bahai (son)in 1908 traveled to Europe and the US teaching. • Established Bahai religion
- 181. Bahai • Today about5-8 million adherents to Bahai • Claims to unite all the world religions
- 182. Wahhabism • 1703-1792 • FoundedWahhabi Islam • Reaction to Modern Culture • Return to Strict Islam Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhāb
- 183. Wahhabi Islam Spreads inSaudi Arabia
- 184. Wahhabism Sunni, Reform movementthat sought to purge medieval practices such as venerating Muslim saints, and sacred shrines. Return to 7th century Islam as they believed it to be. Jihadist Movement Taliban in Afghanistan
- 185.
- 186. Mahdi Warrior Messiah Appear atthe end of time Destroy enemies of Islam
- 187. Mahdi Joined by Isa(Jesus) Reign over the World
- 188. Mahdi 1. descendent ofMuhammed or 2. already came & return or 3. Mahdi IS Isa (Jesus)
- 189.
- 190. Hadith Oral sayings ofMuhammed didn’t make it into Quran
- 191. Hadith 1.Sahih Bukhari, 2.Sahih Muslim,and 3.Sunan Abu Dawud.
- 192.
- 193. Cultural Values • Learningand Study • Restraint (not indulgent) • High power distance
- 194. Cultural Values • Maledominate (women subordinate roles) • Collectivist (not individual) • High Uncertainty avoidance
- 195. Cultural Values • Givingto charity • Modesty and conservative dress • Hospitality and generosity • Respect all religion and tradition
- 196. Sensitivities • Israel andtheir occupation of the territories • Palestinians and autonomy • Dietary restrictions • Social interaction of men with women • Modest dress (especially women)
- 197. Sensitivities • Movies, music,celebration (ex. Alcohol) • Avoid depictions of Muhammed • Never criticize Muhammed or the Quran • Don’t put the Quran on the fl oor!
- 198.
- 199. Hijab, and Headcoverings •Once considered an oppressive • Now a symbol of ethnic pride
- 200.
- 201. Abaya Dubai, Turkey, Africa Coversmost of the body Exposes the face
- 202. Doa Gaun Indonesia, Malaysia,Thailand Worn for prayer
- 203. Chador Iran Covers everything butface Usually black, not colored