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UNDERSTANDING
THE ISRAEL-GAZA CONFLICT
Dr. Stan Meyer • stan.meyer1@my.gcu.edu
Dr. Meyer’s Slides
What happened on October 7, 2023?
1. Jewish holiday of Simchat Torah (Joy of the Law)
2. Hamas militants launched +5,000 rockets into Israel
3. Hamas invaded Southern Israel
4. Murdered 1,200 Israelis (civilians)
5. Captured 239 hostages (infants, children, elderly)
6. Tortured, raped, beheaded, and burned alive victims
4
Still Have 150
Refuse let them go
5
What happened after October 7?
8. Israel invaded Gaza to rescue hostages & remove Hamas
9. Hamas continues
fi
ring rockets at civilian in Israel
10. Pro-Palestinian Demonstrations around the world
6
20,000 Palestinians
Killed from Israel’s bombing
2 Million Palestinians displaced
Lang
fi
tt & Neuman. (2023). Gaza health o
ffi
cials. NPR News https://www.npr.org/2023/12/22/1220211690/gaza-death-toll-20000-killed-israel
WHAT ARE ISRAEL’S & PALESTINE’S
COMPETING METANARRATIVES?
Jewish Narrative
• God chose Abraham Isaac & Jacob
• God covenanted with their descendants
• Jews became slaves in Egypt
• God freed the Jews from slavery
9
Israel’s Metanarrative
• God gave Jews the Law on Mt. Sinai
• God gave Jews the Land of Israel
• God warned them to keep the law
11
Jewish Narrative
• Jewish people didn’t keep the law
• God scattered them across the earth
• Jewish people were homeless,
wandered, and were persecuted for
2,000 years
12
Jewish Narrative
Jewish Narrative
• Hitler tried to annihilate Jews
• World realized Jews need a
homeland
• Jews can never be safe without
their own homeland
13
Jewish Narrative
• Jews returned to the Land of Israel
• 1948 established the State of Israel
14
Jewish Narrative
Israel continues to struggle to
survive against Arab attacks
15
Hamas’ attack on October 7
Is the latest in the long history of e
ff
orts to eradicate
the Jewish people and annihilate the State of Israel
16
Palestinian Metanarrative
Palestinian Narrative
• Arabs are children of Ishmael
• Allah gave them the Arab lands
• Arabs lived in Palestine for 2,000 years
18
Palestinian Narrative
Arab People are caretakers of Jerusalem
Third holiest site in the Muslim World
19
Palestinian Narrative
• Jews are White Europeans
• Europeans persecuted the Jews
• Sent them to Palestine to get ride of them
• Have them colonize it for European interest
20
Zionism is a European, White settler movement
whose purpose is to colonize the Middle East for
Western Interest
21
Palestinian Narrative
• 1948 Israel Expelled the Palestinians
from their homes
• Palestinians became refugees
• Palestinians are just trying to survive
22
Hamas’ Attack on Oct 7
Is the latest e
ff
ort to survive in a long history of Western
oppression of the Arab People.
23
What are the Origins of
European Jewry?
Criticism of Modern Zionism is…
• Ashkenazi Jews are Europeans
• Possibly were Khazars who converted to Judaism in 900 AD
• Therefore, they are not truly related to the Jews of the Bible
• Therefore, they do not have a historical connection to the land
25
Evidence of the Jews
1. Archaeological
26
Remains of ancient synagogue in Greece
Evidence of the Jews
1. Archaeological
2. Literary evidence
28
Evidence of the Jews
1. Archaeological
2. Literary evidence
29
Evidence of the Jews
1. Archaeological
2. Literary evidence
3. Biological evidence
Cohen-Haplotype Gene Relating Jewish Communities Worldwide
Did Jews come to Israel because of the
Holocaust?
32
Did the Holocaust create the State of Israel?
33
State of Israel is not result of the Holocaust
• There have always been Jews living in Palestine
34
State of Israel is not result of the Holocaust
• There have always been Jews living in Palestine
• Waves of Jewish immigration began in mid 19th century
35
State of Israel is not result of the Holocaust
• There have always been Jews living in Palestine
• Waves of Jewish immigration began in mid 19th century
• Secular Zionism began in late 1800s
• Christian Zionism began in 1600s
36
What are the Origins of the
Palestinian People?
Ottoman Empire in 1914
Arab Tribal Boundaries in 1875
Palestinian Tribes & Clans in Jerusalem
•Husayni • Nashashibi • Nusayba • Khalidi •
Dajani • Dakkak • Bani Zayd • Bani Murra •
Bani Himar • Simhan • Alami • Uraqat • Baytuni
• Hasan • Ka’raja • Abu Ghawsh • Darwish •
Lahham • Khatib • Salah
Glenn Robinson, “Palestinian Tribes, Clans and Notable Families”, Calhoun Institutional Archive vol. 7 issue 4 (September 2008).
Col. Thomas Lawrence
• British O
ffi
cer
• Posted in Cairo in 1914
• Assisted Arab Revolt in 1916
• Against the Ottoman Empire
41
1916
Sykes-Picot Agreement
France & Britain Divided up the land
42
1916
British Mandate Defeined
Today’s borders of Israel and Jordan
43
1947
UN Resolution 1981 (II)
Created Arab & Jewish State
44
1947 Population
Jews 630,000
Arabs 1,324,000
45
Palestinian Arabs
De
fi
ned as the Arab inhabitants of
Mandatory Palestine in 1947
46
Palestinians are…
Those Arabs who were living normally in Palestine in 1947, whether they
remained or were expelled. Every child who was born to a Palestinian
parent after this date, whether in Palestine or outside, is a Palestinian.
1964 Palestinian Charter, Article 6
https://www.pac-usa.org/the_palestinian_charter.htm
What Happened in 1948?
Israel’s Account
1948
• Israel Declared Statehood
• Arab League invaded Israel
• Vowed to drive the Jews into the Sea
• Told Arab inhabitants to
fl
ee
• Israel promised citizenship to Arabs stayed
Palestinians Stayed
150,000 Stayed
1.957 Million Arab-Israeli Citizens (25%)
[1] https://www.cbs.gov.il/en/mediarelease/Pages/2020/Population-of-Israel-on-the-Eve-of-2021.aspx
Palestinians Left
700,000 left
15 Million in the world
5.3 Million outside of the land
7.5 Million in West Bank & Gaza
Palestinians living outside the land of Israel
https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/palestinian-population-statistics
Palestinian Narrative
• 1948 Arab League Invaded Israel
• Tried to defend Palestinians
• Israel expelled Palestinians
• Israel erased all evidence
• Palestinians are refugees
53
Palestinian Account
1920 - 1948
Jewish Settlers came from Europe,
fi
nanced by Europeans
Displaced Arab inhabitants
55
1948
War of Independence
Intentionally expelled local Arabs
Erased the Evidence.
56
Today
Palestinians
want their independence
Want their land & property back
57
What historically happened?
What historically happened?
1. In 1948, Arab League never broadcast order for Arabs to
fl
ee
59
What historically happened?
1. In 1948, Arab League never broadcast order for Arabs to
fl
ee
2. However, when British left, wealthy Arabs did leave
60
What historically happened?
1. In 1948, Arab League never broadcast order for Arabs to
fl
ee
2. However, when British left, wealthy Arabs did leave
3. Their departure did create a panic in Haifa, Ya
ff
a, and cities
61
What historically happened?
1. In 1948, Arab League never broadcast order for Arabs to
fl
ee
2. However, when British left, wealthy Arabs did leave
3. Their departure did create a panic in Haifa, Ya
ff
a, and cities
4. Ben Gurion did promise Arabs citizenship
62
What historically happened?
1. In 1948, Arab League never broadcast order for Arabs to
fl
ee
2. However, when British left, wealthy Arabs did leave
3. Their departure did create a panic in Haifa, Ya
ff
a, and cities
4. Ben Gurion did promise Arabs citizenship
5. Ben Gurion ordered the army to obstruct those who left from returning
63
What historically happened?
1. In 1948, Arab League never broadcast order for Arabs to
fl
ee
2. However, when British left, wealthy Arabs did leave
3. Their departure did create a panic in Haifa, Ya
ff
a, and cities
4. Ben Gurion did promise Arabs citizenship
5. Ben Gurion ordered the army to obstruct those who left from returning
6. During the war, some units did attack hostile villages, expel Arabs
64
What historically happened?
1. In 1948, Arab League never broadcast order for Arabs to
fl
ee
2. However, when British left, wealthy Arabs did leave
3. Their departure did create a panic in Haifa, Ya
ff
a, and cities
4. Ben Gurion did promise Arabs citizenship
5. Ben Gurion ordered the army to obstruct those who left from returning
6. During the war, some units did attack hostile villages, expel Arabs
7. Israel destroyed some villages, not to erase evidence but prevent return
65
What historically happened?
1. In the 1949 Arab Truce, Ben Gurion o
ff
ered 100,000 Palestinian Arabs to
return and be citizens in exchange for permanent peace treaty.
66
What historically happened?
1. In the 1949 Arab Truce, Ben Gurion o
ff
ered to allow 100,000 Palestinian
Arabs to return and be citizens
2. The Arab League refused the o
ff
er
67
What should happen now?
1. Of
68
WHAT HAPPENED SINCE THEN?
1964
Palestinian Liberation Organization
Created a Palestinian national identity
Mission to Return to the Land
70
1967 Six-Day War
Arab League invaded Israel
Israel captured Sinai, Gaza, West Bank
Israel captured East Jerusalem
71
Refugee Crisis
Occupation of the territories
Created Palestinian Refugees Problem
72
1978
Camp David Accords
Egypt made peace with Israel
73
Sedat (Egypt), Pres. Jimmy Carter, Begin (Israel)
1994
Wadi Araba Treaty
Jordan made peace with Israel
74
Rabin (Israel), Clinton (US), Hussein (Jordan)
1993
Oslo Accords
Palestinians Made Peace
75
Rabin (Israel), Clinton (US), Arafat (Palestine)
1993
• Palestinians recognized Israel
• Israel recognized Palestine
76
Rabin (Israel), Clinton (US), Arafat (Palestine)
Oslo Accords
• Establish the Palestinian Authority
• Govern West Bank and Gaza Strip
77
Oslo Accords
• Israel promised to withdraw from both
• When they felt safe from terrorists
78
2005
Mahmoud Abbas Fatah Party
Elected President of P. Authority
Govern West Bank and Gaza Strip
79
Hamas
• Islamic Extremist Group
• Rejected Oslo Accords
• Vows to annihilate Israel
80
Ahmed Yassin, Founder of Hamas
2005
• Israel withdrew from Gaza
• Gaza became independent
• Gaza held elections
81
Israel Withdraws from Gaza
2007
• Hamas won the elections
• Took over the Gaza Strip
• Expelled the Palestinian Authority
• Began attacking Israel
82
2007 - Today
1. Hamas
fi
res rockets into Israel
2. Israel strikes Hamas bases
3. Hamas signs a Cease-Fire
4. Iran re-supplies Hamas
5. Hamas attacks Israel again
83
October 7, 2023
• Hamas in
fi
ltrated Israel
• Slaughtered 1,400 Israelis
• Captured 239 hostages
• Israel invaded Gaza to rescue the
hostages and remove Hamas
84
Protests Sweep U.S.
• Pro-Palestinian Protests
• Protest Israel’s war in Gaza
• Many claimed Hamas is justi
fi
ed
85
Rise of Antisemitism
86
By Any Means
Means: October 7 was justi
fi
ed
And should happen again!
87
Keep the World Clean
Means
Throw Jews into the trash!
88
River to the Sea
Means
Jordan River to Mediterranean Sea
Return ALL Israel to Palestinians
89
Rise in Islamophobia
Oct. 30, Chicago
Landlord killed 6-year-old Palestinian boy
90
Rise in Islamophobia
November, Burlington, Vermont
Jason Eaton shot 3 Palestinian Students
91
Students Were Christians
Graduates of a Quaker School on the
West Bank
92
Where to from here?
Mahmoud Abbas Benjamin Netanyahu
Call for Cease Fire
Arab World Unconditional Cease Fire
West for humanitarian Pause
94
Israel says
Only after Hamas is removed and the
Hostages are rescued
95
Benjamin Netanyahu, Prime Minister
What are the Issues?
If Cease Fire
Hamas vowed to attack again
Until Israel no longer exists
What are the Issues?
If
fi
ghting Continues
When will the war end?
Who will rule Gaza?
If Cease Fire
Hamas vowed to attack again
Until Israel no longer exists
Discussion

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Israel-Palestinian Conflict 2024

  • 1. UNDERSTANDING THE ISRAEL-GAZA CONFLICT Dr. Stan Meyer • stan.meyer1@my.gcu.edu
  • 3.
  • 4. What happened on October 7, 2023? 1. Jewish holiday of Simchat Torah (Joy of the Law) 2. Hamas militants launched +5,000 rockets into Israel 3. Hamas invaded Southern Israel 4. Murdered 1,200 Israelis (civilians) 5. Captured 239 hostages (infants, children, elderly) 6. Tortured, raped, beheaded, and burned alive victims 4
  • 5. Still Have 150 Refuse let them go 5
  • 6. What happened after October 7? 8. Israel invaded Gaza to rescue hostages & remove Hamas 9. Hamas continues fi ring rockets at civilian in Israel 10. Pro-Palestinian Demonstrations around the world 6
  • 7. 20,000 Palestinians Killed from Israel’s bombing 2 Million Palestinians displaced Lang fi tt & Neuman. (2023). Gaza health o ffi cials. NPR News https://www.npr.org/2023/12/22/1220211690/gaza-death-toll-20000-killed-israel
  • 8. WHAT ARE ISRAEL’S & PALESTINE’S COMPETING METANARRATIVES?
  • 9. Jewish Narrative • God chose Abraham Isaac & Jacob • God covenanted with their descendants • Jews became slaves in Egypt • God freed the Jews from slavery 9
  • 11. • God gave Jews the Law on Mt. Sinai • God gave Jews the Land of Israel • God warned them to keep the law 11 Jewish Narrative
  • 12. • Jewish people didn’t keep the law • God scattered them across the earth • Jewish people were homeless, wandered, and were persecuted for 2,000 years 12 Jewish Narrative
  • 13. Jewish Narrative • Hitler tried to annihilate Jews • World realized Jews need a homeland • Jews can never be safe without their own homeland 13
  • 14. Jewish Narrative • Jews returned to the Land of Israel • 1948 established the State of Israel 14
  • 15. Jewish Narrative Israel continues to struggle to survive against Arab attacks 15
  • 16. Hamas’ attack on October 7 Is the latest in the long history of e ff orts to eradicate the Jewish people and annihilate the State of Israel 16
  • 18. Palestinian Narrative • Arabs are children of Ishmael • Allah gave them the Arab lands • Arabs lived in Palestine for 2,000 years 18
  • 19. Palestinian Narrative Arab People are caretakers of Jerusalem Third holiest site in the Muslim World 19
  • 20. Palestinian Narrative • Jews are White Europeans • Europeans persecuted the Jews • Sent them to Palestine to get ride of them • Have them colonize it for European interest 20
  • 21. Zionism is a European, White settler movement whose purpose is to colonize the Middle East for Western Interest 21
  • 22. Palestinian Narrative • 1948 Israel Expelled the Palestinians from their homes • Palestinians became refugees • Palestinians are just trying to survive 22
  • 23. Hamas’ Attack on Oct 7 Is the latest e ff ort to survive in a long history of Western oppression of the Arab People. 23
  • 24. What are the Origins of European Jewry?
  • 25. Criticism of Modern Zionism is… • Ashkenazi Jews are Europeans • Possibly were Khazars who converted to Judaism in 900 AD • Therefore, they are not truly related to the Jews of the Bible • Therefore, they do not have a historical connection to the land 25
  • 26. Evidence of the Jews 1. Archaeological 26 Remains of ancient synagogue in Greece
  • 27.
  • 28. Evidence of the Jews 1. Archaeological 2. Literary evidence 28
  • 29. Evidence of the Jews 1. Archaeological 2. Literary evidence 29
  • 30. Evidence of the Jews 1. Archaeological 2. Literary evidence 3. Biological evidence
  • 31. Cohen-Haplotype Gene Relating Jewish Communities Worldwide
  • 32. Did Jews come to Israel because of the Holocaust? 32
  • 33. Did the Holocaust create the State of Israel? 33
  • 34. State of Israel is not result of the Holocaust • There have always been Jews living in Palestine 34
  • 35. State of Israel is not result of the Holocaust • There have always been Jews living in Palestine • Waves of Jewish immigration began in mid 19th century 35
  • 36. State of Israel is not result of the Holocaust • There have always been Jews living in Palestine • Waves of Jewish immigration began in mid 19th century • Secular Zionism began in late 1800s • Christian Zionism began in 1600s 36
  • 37. What are the Origins of the Palestinian People?
  • 40. Palestinian Tribes & Clans in Jerusalem •Husayni • Nashashibi • Nusayba • Khalidi • Dajani • Dakkak • Bani Zayd • Bani Murra • Bani Himar • Simhan • Alami • Uraqat • Baytuni • Hasan • Ka’raja • Abu Ghawsh • Darwish • Lahham • Khatib • Salah Glenn Robinson, “Palestinian Tribes, Clans and Notable Families”, Calhoun Institutional Archive vol. 7 issue 4 (September 2008).
  • 41. Col. Thomas Lawrence • British O ffi cer • Posted in Cairo in 1914 • Assisted Arab Revolt in 1916 • Against the Ottoman Empire 41
  • 42. 1916 Sykes-Picot Agreement France & Britain Divided up the land 42
  • 43. 1916 British Mandate Defeined Today’s borders of Israel and Jordan 43
  • 44. 1947 UN Resolution 1981 (II) Created Arab & Jewish State 44
  • 46. Palestinian Arabs De fi ned as the Arab inhabitants of Mandatory Palestine in 1947 46
  • 47. Palestinians are… Those Arabs who were living normally in Palestine in 1947, whether they remained or were expelled. Every child who was born to a Palestinian parent after this date, whether in Palestine or outside, is a Palestinian. 1964 Palestinian Charter, Article 6 https://www.pac-usa.org/the_palestinian_charter.htm
  • 50. 1948 • Israel Declared Statehood • Arab League invaded Israel • Vowed to drive the Jews into the Sea • Told Arab inhabitants to fl ee • Israel promised citizenship to Arabs stayed
  • 51. Palestinians Stayed 150,000 Stayed 1.957 Million Arab-Israeli Citizens (25%) [1] https://www.cbs.gov.il/en/mediarelease/Pages/2020/Population-of-Israel-on-the-Eve-of-2021.aspx
  • 52. Palestinians Left 700,000 left 15 Million in the world 5.3 Million outside of the land 7.5 Million in West Bank & Gaza Palestinians living outside the land of Israel https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/palestinian-population-statistics
  • 53. Palestinian Narrative • 1948 Arab League Invaded Israel • Tried to defend Palestinians • Israel expelled Palestinians • Israel erased all evidence • Palestinians are refugees 53
  • 55. 1920 - 1948 Jewish Settlers came from Europe, fi nanced by Europeans Displaced Arab inhabitants 55
  • 56. 1948 War of Independence Intentionally expelled local Arabs Erased the Evidence. 56
  • 57. Today Palestinians want their independence Want their land & property back 57
  • 59. What historically happened? 1. In 1948, Arab League never broadcast order for Arabs to fl ee 59
  • 60. What historically happened? 1. In 1948, Arab League never broadcast order for Arabs to fl ee 2. However, when British left, wealthy Arabs did leave 60
  • 61. What historically happened? 1. In 1948, Arab League never broadcast order for Arabs to fl ee 2. However, when British left, wealthy Arabs did leave 3. Their departure did create a panic in Haifa, Ya ff a, and cities 61
  • 62. What historically happened? 1. In 1948, Arab League never broadcast order for Arabs to fl ee 2. However, when British left, wealthy Arabs did leave 3. Their departure did create a panic in Haifa, Ya ff a, and cities 4. Ben Gurion did promise Arabs citizenship 62
  • 63. What historically happened? 1. In 1948, Arab League never broadcast order for Arabs to fl ee 2. However, when British left, wealthy Arabs did leave 3. Their departure did create a panic in Haifa, Ya ff a, and cities 4. Ben Gurion did promise Arabs citizenship 5. Ben Gurion ordered the army to obstruct those who left from returning 63
  • 64. What historically happened? 1. In 1948, Arab League never broadcast order for Arabs to fl ee 2. However, when British left, wealthy Arabs did leave 3. Their departure did create a panic in Haifa, Ya ff a, and cities 4. Ben Gurion did promise Arabs citizenship 5. Ben Gurion ordered the army to obstruct those who left from returning 6. During the war, some units did attack hostile villages, expel Arabs 64
  • 65. What historically happened? 1. In 1948, Arab League never broadcast order for Arabs to fl ee 2. However, when British left, wealthy Arabs did leave 3. Their departure did create a panic in Haifa, Ya ff a, and cities 4. Ben Gurion did promise Arabs citizenship 5. Ben Gurion ordered the army to obstruct those who left from returning 6. During the war, some units did attack hostile villages, expel Arabs 7. Israel destroyed some villages, not to erase evidence but prevent return 65
  • 66. What historically happened? 1. In the 1949 Arab Truce, Ben Gurion o ff ered 100,000 Palestinian Arabs to return and be citizens in exchange for permanent peace treaty. 66
  • 67. What historically happened? 1. In the 1949 Arab Truce, Ben Gurion o ff ered to allow 100,000 Palestinian Arabs to return and be citizens 2. The Arab League refused the o ff er 67
  • 68. What should happen now? 1. Of 68
  • 70. 1964 Palestinian Liberation Organization Created a Palestinian national identity Mission to Return to the Land 70
  • 71. 1967 Six-Day War Arab League invaded Israel Israel captured Sinai, Gaza, West Bank Israel captured East Jerusalem 71
  • 72. Refugee Crisis Occupation of the territories Created Palestinian Refugees Problem 72
  • 73. 1978 Camp David Accords Egypt made peace with Israel 73 Sedat (Egypt), Pres. Jimmy Carter, Begin (Israel)
  • 74. 1994 Wadi Araba Treaty Jordan made peace with Israel 74 Rabin (Israel), Clinton (US), Hussein (Jordan)
  • 75. 1993 Oslo Accords Palestinians Made Peace 75 Rabin (Israel), Clinton (US), Arafat (Palestine)
  • 76. 1993 • Palestinians recognized Israel • Israel recognized Palestine 76 Rabin (Israel), Clinton (US), Arafat (Palestine)
  • 77. Oslo Accords • Establish the Palestinian Authority • Govern West Bank and Gaza Strip 77
  • 78. Oslo Accords • Israel promised to withdraw from both • When they felt safe from terrorists 78
  • 79. 2005 Mahmoud Abbas Fatah Party Elected President of P. Authority Govern West Bank and Gaza Strip 79
  • 80. Hamas • Islamic Extremist Group • Rejected Oslo Accords • Vows to annihilate Israel 80 Ahmed Yassin, Founder of Hamas
  • 81. 2005 • Israel withdrew from Gaza • Gaza became independent • Gaza held elections 81 Israel Withdraws from Gaza
  • 82. 2007 • Hamas won the elections • Took over the Gaza Strip • Expelled the Palestinian Authority • Began attacking Israel 82
  • 83. 2007 - Today 1. Hamas fi res rockets into Israel 2. Israel strikes Hamas bases 3. Hamas signs a Cease-Fire 4. Iran re-supplies Hamas 5. Hamas attacks Israel again 83
  • 84. October 7, 2023 • Hamas in fi ltrated Israel • Slaughtered 1,400 Israelis • Captured 239 hostages • Israel invaded Gaza to rescue the hostages and remove Hamas 84
  • 85. Protests Sweep U.S. • Pro-Palestinian Protests • Protest Israel’s war in Gaza • Many claimed Hamas is justi fi ed 85
  • 87. By Any Means Means: October 7 was justi fi ed And should happen again! 87
  • 88. Keep the World Clean Means Throw Jews into the trash! 88
  • 89. River to the Sea Means Jordan River to Mediterranean Sea Return ALL Israel to Palestinians 89
  • 90. Rise in Islamophobia Oct. 30, Chicago Landlord killed 6-year-old Palestinian boy 90
  • 91. Rise in Islamophobia November, Burlington, Vermont Jason Eaton shot 3 Palestinian Students 91
  • 92. Students Were Christians Graduates of a Quaker School on the West Bank 92
  • 93. Where to from here? Mahmoud Abbas Benjamin Netanyahu
  • 94. Call for Cease Fire Arab World Unconditional Cease Fire West for humanitarian Pause 94
  • 95. Israel says Only after Hamas is removed and the Hostages are rescued 95 Benjamin Netanyahu, Prime Minister
  • 96. What are the Issues? If Cease Fire Hamas vowed to attack again Until Israel no longer exists
  • 97. What are the Issues? If fi ghting Continues When will the war end? Who will rule Gaza? If Cease Fire Hamas vowed to attack again Until Israel no longer exists