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1. Buddhism
INT-244 Topic 5

2. Demographics

3. Demographics
531 million Worldwide
6.8% of World’s population
226 million China
69 million Japan
4 million United States
115,000 Hawaii (8%)
worldreligiondatabase.org (2020)
https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/HI/PST045222

4. Pew Research (2012)
America is 2nd Largest Community
United States
4 Million

5. 100%
50%
0%
44%
33%
12%
11%
White Asian Latino Black & Mixed
Ethnic Composition of American Buddhists
https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/religious-landscape-study/religious-tradition/buddhist/

6. 100%
50%
0%
44%
33%
12%
11%
Non-Asian Asian
Most American Buddhists are Non-Asian
https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/religious-landscape-study/religious-tradition/buddhist/
67%

7. 100%
50%
0%
52%
22%
26%
3rd Gen + 2nd Gen Immigrants
Immigrant Status of American Buddhists
https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/religious-landscape-study/religious-tradition/buddhist/

8. 100%
50%
0%
52%
22%
26%
American Born Immigrants
Most American Buddhists Were Born in US
https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/religious-landscape-study/religious-tradition/buddhist/
78%

9. Buddhism is an American Religion

10. History

11. Life of Buddha

12. Siddhartha
Gautama
563 - 483 BC
Lumbini, Nepal
Mark, J. (2020). Buddhism. World History Encyclopedia. https://www.worldhistory.org/buddhism/

13. Lumbini, Nepal

14. Siddhartha
Gautama
Father was King Suddhodana
Mother was Queen Maya
Kshatriya (Ruling) Caste
Reigned over Northern India
Mark, J. (2020). Buddhism. World History Encyclopedia. https://www.worldhistory.org/buddhism/

15. Siddhartha
Gautama
Father wanted son to be next king
Old man prophesied
Siddhartha would be a religious monk
and take a vow of poverty
Mark, J. (2020). Buddhism. World History Encyclopedia. https://www.worldhistory.org/buddhism/

16. Siddhartha
Gautama
Father kept Siddhartha in the palace
and guarded him from any outside
in
fl
uence
Mark, J. (2020). Buddhism. World History Encyclopedia. https://www.worldhistory.org/buddhism/

17. Left palace and saw
1. Old man
2. Sick man
3. Dead man
4. Poor man (religious beggar)

18. All things change
All things grow old & decay
All things die

19. Became a monk
Tried to live an monastic life
Gathered disciples
But was unsatis
fi
ed

20. Meditated 49 days
At age 35
Meditated under a
fi
g tree (Bodi Tree)
Experienced Awakening (Enlightenment)

21. Enlightenment
Buddha — The Enlightened One
Found the path to Moksha (release)
From Samsara (cycle of reincarnation)
Achieve Nirvana

22. Bodh Gaya (Bihar, India)

23. Mahabodhi Temple
In Bodh Gaya, India

24. बो
धि
Bodhi (Buddha)
(Sanskrit) Enlightened, or illuminated
intellect. Attained perfect knowledge or
wisdom.
https://www.learnsanskrit.cc/translate

25. बो
धि
Bodhi
Arriving at the state of awakening so that
one achieves moksha (release) from
samsara (cycle of birth/death) and reach
nirvana
https://www.learnsanskrit.cc/translate

26. Bodhi
Enlightenment
Escape Samsara
Achieve Moksha

27. What is path to Enlightenment?
• Middle Path
• Freedom from Desire
• Freedom from Attachment

28. From desire comes grief, from grief comes fear
But one who is freed from desire knows no grief or fear
Freedom from desire brings enlightenment
Dhammapada XVI.212-213 cited in Mark, Buddhism, 2020

29. The Sangha
Buddha’s
fi
rst disciples
1. Kaundinya
2. Bhadrika
3. Vashpa
4. Mahanaman
5. Ashvajit
Robert E. Buswell Jr., Donald S. Lopez Jr., The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism (Princeton: 2014), s.v. pañcavargika

30. The Sangha
Buddha’s
fi
rst disciples
Preached his
fi
rst sermon
Robert E. Buswell Jr., Donald S. Lopez Jr., The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism (Princeton: 2014), s.v. pañcavargika

31. Buddha’s Death
Died at age 80, in 483 BC (?)
Kushinagar, India

32. Kushinagar, India

33. Tomb of Siddhartha Gautama, The Buddha
Parinivana Stupa in Kushinagar, India

34. The Problem of Suffering

35. Suffering
1. Judaism (Orthodox) — Deaths of the Righteous atones for Israel

36. Suffering
1. Judaism (Orthodox) — Deaths of the Righteous atones for Israel
2. Judaism (Modern) — God cannot (will not?) stop su
ff
ering

37. Suffering
1. Judaism (Orthodox) — Deaths of the Righteous atones for Israel
2. Judaism (Modern) — God cannot (will not) stop su
ff
ering
3. Islam — Divine Decree or God’s justice (credits/debits)

38. Suffering
1. Judaism (Orthodox) — Deaths of the Righteous atones for Israel
2. Judaism (Modern) — God cannot (will not) stop su
ff
ering
3. Islam — Divine Decree or God’s justice (credits/debits)
4. Hinduism — Karma, divine justice and consequences of our actions

39. Suffering
1. Judaism (Orthodox) — Deaths of the Righteous atones for Israel
2. Judaism (Modern) — God cannot (will not) stop su
ff
ering
3. Islam — Divine Decree or God’s justice (credits/debits)
4. Hinduism — Karma, divine justice and consequences of our actions
5. Buddhism — Attachment & Desire lead to su
ff
ering. Enlightenment

40. Spread of Buddhism

41. First Council
400 BC
Core teachings decided
Monastic Discipline established

42. Second Council
383 BC
Which monastic rules to follow
Great Schism
Mark, 2020

43. Great Schism
1. Theravada Buddhism (Elders)
2. Mahayana Buddhism (Great Vehicle)
3. Vajrayana Buddhism (Way of Diamond)
Mark, 2020

44. Sect of Hinduism
483 - 260 BC
Buddha an Avatar
Mark, 2020

45. Ashoka the Great
Reigned 265 - 238 BC
Established
Buddhism as national religion

46. Ashoka the Great
Built the Great Stupa
Containing relics
Some of Buddha’s Remains

47. Great Stupa, in Madhya Pradsesh State, India

48. The Great Stupa

49. https://www.worldhistory.org/article/
492/a-short-history-of-the-buddhist-schools/

50. Schools of Buddhism
Mahayana — The Great Vehicle
China, Korea, Japan
Theravada — The Elders
Burma, Thailand, Vietnam
Vajrayana — Way of the Diamond
Tibetan

51. Beliefs

52. Foundational Principles

53. Three Universal Truths

54. Three Universal Truths
1. Annica - Impermanence
2. Dukkha - Suffering, dissatisfaction
3. Anatta - Non-Self

55. Three Universal Truths
1. Annica - Impermanence, nothing lasts forever,
The human body changes, mental images emerge
and dissolve, all of life is constantly changing.
Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia (2011, July 5). anicca. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/anicca

56. Three Universal Truths
1. Annica - Impermanence
2. Dukkha - suffering, disatisfaction, sorrow, from
(a )pain, (b) sickness, (c) death. Result of
impermanence.
Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia (2003, November 26). dukkha. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/dukkha

57. Three Universal Truths
1. Annica - Impermanence
2. Dukkha - suffering, sorrow
3. Anatta - Non-Self, non-attachment, there is no soul.
Humans are made of bundles constantly changing.
Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia (2007, December 5). anatta. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/anatta

58. Three Universal Truths
1. Annica - Impermanence
2. Dukkha - Suffering, dissatisfaction
3. Anatta - Non-Self

59. Four Noble Truths

60. Four Noble Truths
1. Dukkha - All life is suffering
2. Tanha - Craving, desire, attachment cause of suffering
3. Nirodha - End of suffering by renouncing desire
4. Magga - Eightfold path leads to release from desire

61. Eightfold Path

62. Eightfold Path
Dharma Wheel
Effort

63. Right View
An accurate understanding of the
nature of things (including the Four
Noble Truths)
Lopez, D. S. (2021, February 5). Eightfold Path. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Eightfold-Path

64. Right Intention
Avoiding thoughts of attachment,
hatred, and harmful intent
Lopez, D. S. (2021, February 5). Eightfold Path. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Eightfold-Path

65. Right Speech
Refraining from verbal misdeeds such
as lying divisive speech, harsh speech,
and senseless speech.
Lopez, D. S. (2021, February 5). Eightfold Path. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Eightfold-Path

66. Right Action
refraining from physical misdeeds such
as killing, stealing, and sexual
misconduct
Lopez, D. S. (2021, February 5). Eightfold Path. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Eightfold-Path

67. Right Livelihood
avoiding trades that directly or
indirectly harm others, such as selling
slaves, weapons, animals for slaughter,
intoxicants, or poisons
Lopez, D. S. (2021, February 5). Eightfold Path. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Eightfold-Path

68. Right Effort
abandoning negative states of mind
that have already arisen, preventing
negative states that have yet to arise,
and sustaining positive states that have
already arisen,
Lopez, D. S. (2021, February 5). Eightfold Path. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Eightfold-Path

69. Right Mindfulness
awareness of body, feelings, thought,
and phenomena (the constituents of
the existing world)
Lopez, D. S. (2021, February 5). Eightfold Path. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Eightfold-Path

70. Right Concentration
Single mindedness
Lopez, D. S. (2021, February 5). Eightfold Path. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Eightfold-Path

71. Buddhism, Cogito

72. Five Precepts

73. Five Precepts
1. Do not kill
2. Do not steal
3. Do not commit sexual misconduct
4. Do no harmful speech
5. Avoid intoxicants
Conze, E. (1979). Five precepts of Buddhism. Tricycle Magazine. https://tricycle.org/magazine/the-
fi
ve-precepts/