MJTI PEP Israeli-Palestinian Conflict Part 3

PLAYERS, PARTNERS & SPOILERS
MJTI PEP • The Israeli-Palestinian Con
fl
ict • Week 3

Review
Week 1 — Origins of the Con
fl
ict
3

Review
fl
ict
Week 2 — Peace Process
4

Review
fl
ict
Week 3 — The Players & Spoilers
5

Review
fl
ict
Week 3 — The Players & Spoilers
Week 4 — Unraveled Relations
6

Week 1 — Origins
1. Post-Colonial Worldview — Oppressors & Oppressed
2. Israel’s version
3. Palestinian version
4. Ethno-national origins of Palestinians
5. Mideast Origins of European Jewry
6. Origins of the Palestinian Refugee Problem
7

1. Camp David Agreement (Egypt - Israel) 1978
2. Madrid Conference (Arab Nations - Israel) 1991
3. Jordan - Israel Agreement 1994
4. Oslo Accords I & II (Palestinian - Israeli) 1993-1995
5. Camp David Summit (Palestinian - Israeli) 2000
8

First Oslo Accord
September 13, 1993
• Mutual Recognition of Palestine & Israel
• Established interim Palestinian Authority (PA)
• Began the process of Palestinian Sovereignty
• Began the process of Israeli withdrawal
• Established timetable for negotiation
9

Second Oslo Accords
September 28, 1995
Negotiated administration of territories
Regions A, B, and C
10

Camp David 2000 — Ehud Barak’s Offer
1. Palestinian sovereignty
2. Staged withdrawal from West Bank
3. Complete withdrawal from Gaza
4. Dismantling Jewish Settlements in West Bank & Gaza
5. Palestinian custodianship of the Temple Mount
6. Palestinian annexation of parts of East Jerusalem
7. Highways interconnecting the West Bank and Gaza
Shyovitz, 2020

Players
Participants in a peace process who negotiate in good faith, and
are able to muster the necessary political and social capital to e
ff
ect
progress.
Daniel Gray, “The Role Played by Spoilers in Peace Processes”. E-International Relations. (August 2009)
,https://www.e-ir.info/2009/08/25/using-case-studies-of-your-choice-examine-the-role-played-by-%E2%80%98spoilers%E2%80%99-in-peace-processes/#_edn3

Players will continue to support the discussion up to the point
that it no longer bene
fi
ts them or their cause. (i.e., willing to see
the process to the end).
Daniel Gray, “The Role Played by Spoilers in Peace Processes”. E-International Relations. (August 2009)
,https://www.e-ir.info/2009/08/25/using-case-studies-of-your-choice-examine-the-role-played-by-%E2%80%98spoilers%E2%80%99-in-peace-processes/#_edn3

Spoilers
Leaders and parties who…use violence to undermine attempts
to achieve peace.
S. J. Stedman, ‘Negotiation and Mediation in Internal Con
fl
icts’, in M. E. Brown (ed.), The International Dimensions of Internal Con
fl
ict (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1996) pp. 369-71

Players & Spoilers
1. UNRWA — United Nations Relief
and Works Agency for Palestine
17
Commissioner-General Philippe Lazzarini

1. UNRWA
• Founded as United Nations Relief for Palestinian Refugees (UNRPR) 19 Nov 1948
to provide humanitarian aid to Arab refugees
• Re-organized as United Nations Relief & Works Agency (UNRWA) 8 Dec 1948
• Tasked to qualify “who is a Palestinian refugee” and provide humanitarian aid.
• Arab countries were
fl
edgling countries without an economy.
18

Why didn’t the Arab countries help instead?
19

Arab Countries Independence
They did, but…
• Lebanon gained total Independence in 1956
• Syria in 1946
• Jordan in 1946
• British withdrawal from Egypt in 1956
20

Definition of Palestinian Refugee
Any persons whose normal place of residence was Palestine
during the period 1 June 1946 to 15 May 1948, and who lost both
home and means of livelihood as a result of the 1948 con
fl
ict
regardless of their current status or citizenship.
UNRWA, 2021
“UNRWA” (2021). https://www.unrwa.org/palestine-refugees?__cf_chl_tk=bwPZ4IaHCJ7I9cFZOxiKiRW93VBqx5wqMHemxpJ8GYQ-1707507125-0-3899

Definition of Palestinian Refugee
At the time there were 700,000 Arab refugees
“UNRWA” (2021). https://www.unrwa.org/palestine-refugees?__cf_chl_tk=bwPZ4IaHCJ7I9cFZOxiKiRW93VBqx5wqMHemxpJ8GYQ-1707507125-0-3899

Revised Definition
In 1982, it extended it again, to include all descendants of
Palestine refugee males, including legally adopted children,
regardless of whether they had been granted citizenship
elsewhere.
Lance Bartholomeusz, “The Mandate of UNRWA at Sixty”, UNRWA, (1965). https://www.unrwa.org/user
fi
les/201006109246.pdf

Raised Questions
1. Are all paternal descendants considered Palestinian forever regardless
of intermarriage and bloodline?
2. Are paternal descendants outside of Palestine forever refugees
regardless of their residence or country of citizenship?
24

=
GREAT-GREAT
GRANDFATHER
(PALESTINIAN)
GREAT-GREAT
GRANDMOTHER
(SYRIAN)
Palestinian
Husband
Wife
1947 Palestine

= GREAT-GREAT
GRANDFATHER (Palestinian)
GREAT-GREAT
GRANDMOTHER
(Syrian)
Palestinian
Husband
Non-Palestinian
Wife
1947 Palestine
1950 Emigrated to United States

= GREAT-GREAT
GRANDFATHER (PALESTINIAN)
GREAT-GREAT
GRANDMOTHER
Syrian
=
Palestinian
Husband
Wife
1947 Palestine
Daughter-in-Law (Syrian)
Son (Palestinian)

= GREAT-GREAT
GREAT-GREAT
GRANDMOTHER
Syrian
=
=
=
Great-Grandmother
Syrian
Grandmother
Egyptian
Mother
Jewish
Son
Palestinian Refugee
Palestinian
Husband
Wife
1947 Palestine

= GREAT-GREAT
GREAT-GREAT
GRANDMOTHER
Syrian
=
=
=
Great-Grandmother
Syrian
Grandmother
Egyptian
Mother
Jewish
Son
Palestinian Refugee
Palestinian
Husband
Wife
1947 Palestine
All Descendants are Always Palestinian Refugees

How many Palestinians are there?
• Worldwide — 14.3 Million (13.4 Million)*
• West Bank — 3.19 Million
• Gaza Strip — 2.17 Million
• Israel — 1.96 Million
• Diaspora — 8.94 Million (5.25 Million)*
* Israel Central Bureau of Statistics
“Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics” (2022), https://www.pcbs.gov.ps/portals/_pcbs/PressRelease/Press_En_InterPopDay2022E.pdf

Criticism
No other refugee group has a UN agency devoted only to them.
No other refugee group’s descendants inde
fi
nitely bene
fi
t from refugee status.
https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/history-and-overview-of-unrwa

Criticism
All 14.3 million descendants for all time can claim
reparations or property in Israel
33

UNRWA Response
The transfer of refugee status to descendants is not unique to UNRWA. Under
international law and the principle of family unity, the children of refugees and their
descendants are also considered refugees until a durable solution is found. As stated
by the United Nations,this principle applies to all refugees and both UNRWA and
UNHCR have recognized descendants as refugees on this basis.
34

Recent Concerns
• UNRWA run schools found to include pro-terrorist curricula
• Some UNRWA humanitarian aid claimed to go to Hamas
• 12 UNRWA employees were involved in October 7 attack
• Hamas computer server center discovered under UNRWA HQ in Gaza
• Israel claims advised Philippe Lazzarini (UNRWA) repeatedly
35

Response
• Lazzarini denied knowledge or collaboration.
• Lazzarini claimed e
ff
ort to end humanitarian aid to Palestine
• Claims that if UNRWA ends, humanitarian aid to Palestinians will end
36

Players & Spoilers
1. UNRWA
2. Mahmoud Abbas and the
Palestinian Authority
37
Mahmoud Abbas, President of of the State of Palestine

• Established in 1993 in Oslo Accords
• Governing body administering the
occupied territories in partnership with
Israel
• Intended to be an interim administration
until Palestinian sovereignty is
established.
Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Palestinian Authority." Encyclopedia Britannica, February 14, 2024. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Palestinian-Authority.

• PA claims Jerusalem as the capital
• Currently the HQ is in Ramallah

• President is elected for 4-years
• Prime minister is appointed by president
• Palestinian Legislative Council is the
parliament with 132 seats
• MP serve for 4 years

• In 2007 Hamas won only 44% of the
vote, and yet gained 74 seats (majority)
• Abbas dismissed the PLC, declared a
state of emergency, and suspended
elections
• The 2007 term expired in 2010, the
PLC has not met since then.
https://ecfr.eu/special/mapping_palestinian_politics/palestine_legislative_council/

2007 Civil War
• 2007 Civil War ensued
• Hamas killed PA members in Gaza
• Forced out the Fatah Party
• Maintained control of Gaza since
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-40053404
Hamas Militants Palestinian dissidents

Mahmoud Abbas
• President of the PA
• Born, 1935 in Sefad
• 1948,
fl
ed to Syria
• Earned Law degree U of Damascus
Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Mahmoud Abbas." Encyclopedia Britannica, February 14, 2024. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mahmoud-Abbas.

Mahmoud Abbas, PA
• Earned Law degree U of Damascus
• 1961 helped found Fatah, the political
wing of the PLO
• 1982 Completed his PhD titled “The
secret relationship between Nazism and
Zionism”
Yair Rosenberg, . "Sorry, New York Times: Abbas Is Still A Holocaust Denier". Tablet Magazine, (27 April 2014). https://www.tabletmag.com/sections/news/
articles/mahmoud-abbas-still-a-holocaust-denier

Mahmoud Abbas, PA
• 1961 helped found Fatah, the political
wing of the PLO
• 1982 Completed his PhD titled
The secret relationship between Nazism
and Zionism
• 2005 Succeeded Arafat as president

Mahmoud Abbas
• 2006 Hamas candidates elected to the
PA parliament
• 2007 Hamas established control of
Gaza, Fatah took control of West Bank.
• Abbas imposed sanctions on Hamas
and broke o
ff
relations

Credit
• Forced Hamas out
• Condemned Hamas in the
strongest language
• Blamed Hamas for the con
fl
ict with
Israel
• In an Oct 15 statement about the
con
fl
ict said: Hamas does not
represent Palestinians
47

"Hamas' policies and actions do NOT represent the Palestinian people”
Abbas, Palestinian News Agency (15 Oct 2023)
https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/president-abbas-says-hamas-actions-do-not-represent-palestinians-2023-10-15/
#:~:text=The%20original%20WAFA%20report%20on,as%20their%20sole%20legitimate%20representative.%22

After WAFA received death threats, WAFA revised statement:
"Thepolicies, programs, and decisions of the PLO represent the
Palestinian people as their sole legitimate representative, and not the
policies of any other organization."
https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/president-abbas-says-hamas-actions-do-not-represent-palestinians-2023-10-15/
#:~:text=The%20original%20WAFA%20report%20on,as%20their%20sole%20legitimate%20representative.%22

Credit
• Been willing to negotiate
• Renounced Terrorism
• Met with all US Presidents
• Met with all Israel’s PM’s
• A
ffi
rms the Oslo Accords
• Recognizes the State of Israel
• Denounced the Intifadas’ violence
50
Abbas with Trump Abbas with Biden
Abbas with Obama Abbas with Netanyahu
Abbas with Ehud Olmert Abbas with Ehud Barak

Concerns
• PhD Thesis — The Secret Relationship between Zionists & Nazis, 1933-1945
• Made statements to the Palestinian National Council claiming Holocaust was
a consequence of Jewish social behavior and charging Germans interest.
• Claimed early Zionists “who sought a Jewish State were not Jews”
• Said, “The re-establishment of the nation-state of the Jewish people is a
colonial project that has nothing to do with Judaism.
• So-Called “Pay to Slay”
Danny Danon, “Letter dated 2 May 2018”, (2 May 2018), https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/1485881

The Palestinian Authority’s legislation and allocations of monthly salaries
and bene
fi
ts rewarding imprisoned and released terrorists, and the
families of “Martyrs,” amount to $300 million annually.
Sandra Gerber, Jerusalem Center for Public A
ff
airs
Sander Gerber, “Incentivizing Terrorism”, Jerusalem Center for Public A
ff
airs https://jcpa.org/paying-salaries-terrorists-contradicts-palestinian-vows-peaceful-intentions/

Players & Spoilers
1. UNRWA
2. Mahmoud Abbas, PA
3. Israels Political Parties
53
Israel’s Knesset (Parliament)

Israel’s Parties
• Labor Party Ha-‘Avodah
• Founded in 1968
• Social democrat (left)
• Origins in Ben-Gurion and
Golda Meir
Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Israel Labour Party." Encyclopedia Britannica, February 17, 2024. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Israel-Labour-Party.

Israel’s Parties
• Greater concessions for peace
• Endorsed land for peace
• Lost in
fl
uence after Barak’s
failed peace o
ff
er in 2000

Israel’s Parties
• Likud Party
• Founded in Sep 1973
• Conservative & nationalist
• Origin Menachem Begin
• Stressed security guarantees

Israel’s Parties
• Likud Party
• More critical of Oslo
• Includes far-right religious
parties in the coalition
• Tended to be ambivalent or
even support West Bank
Settlements.

Pendulum E
ff
ect of Israeli Opinion on the Peace Process
Left
Labor
Right
Likud

Pendulum E
ff
Labor Likud
Political Left Political Right
Peace Impasse
Tired of con
fl
ict
Lost Con
fi
dence in Likud
Violence & Terrorism
Concerned Security
Lost Con
fi
dence in Labor

Pendulum E
ff
Labor Likud
Political Left Political Right
Peace Impasse
Tired of con
fl
ict
Lost Con
fi
dence in Likud
Support Peace Process
Elect liberal PM
Violence & Terrorism
Concerned Security
Lost Con
fi
dence in Labor
Support Security
Elect conservative PM
Peace talks Tough Security

Players & Spoilers
1. UNRWA
4. Hamas
Sheik Ahmad Yassin, founder of Hamas

Hamas
• Rise of Islamic Extremism
• Muslim Brotherhood, Egypt
• Founded 1928
• Hassan al-Banna in Egypt
62

Hamas
• Formation
• December, 1987 First Intifada in
the Palestinian Territories
• Muslim Brotherhood estab.
Hamas (Zeal)
• Sheikh Ahmed Yassin founder
Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Hamas." Encyclopedia Britannica, February 18, 2024. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hamas.

Hamas
• Formation
• Separation
• Con
fl
ict with PLO because it
attacked civilian targets including
Palestinians
• H Rejected Oslo in 1993
• US designated H terrorist 1997
• Jordan expelled H in 1999
• Syria expelled H in 2012

Hamas
• Formation
• Separation
• Violence
• Launched Intifada II 2000 after the
failed Camp David Summit
• Violence included suicide bombings

Hamas
• Formation
• Separation
• Violence
• Control of Gaza
• Yassin assassinated in Gaza 2004
• Abdel Aziz al-Rantisi replaced
• H Voted in to PA gov't, in 2006
• H Forced Fatah out of Gaza in 2007
• Began rocket attacks on Israel

Hamas
• Formation
• Separation
• Violence
• Control of Gaza
• Iranian Support
• Iran began supporting 1980s
• $30 Million/year
• Training 1000’s of militant
fi
ghters

Preamble: Israel will continue to exist until Islam will annihilate it, just as it annihilated
others before it.
Article 7: The Day of Judgment will not come about until Moslems
fi
ght Jews and kill
them.
Article 13: [Peace] initiatives…are in contradiction to the principles of the Islamic
Resistance Movement... there is no solution for the Palestinian problem except by
Jihad
Article 33: The day the enemies occupy Moslem land, Jihad becomes the individual
duty of every Moslem. In the face of the Jews' occupation…Hail to Jihad!'. This cry will
reach the heavens and will go on being resounded until liberation is achieved, the
invaders vanquished"
https://embassies.gov.il/holysee/AboutIsrael/the-middle-east/Pages/The%20Hamas-Covenant.aspx

https://www.arabbarometer.org/wp-content/uploads/what-palestinians-really-think-of-hamas-2023-10-26-08-4941.pdf
Most Palestinians Have Little to No Trust in Hamas

Players & Spoilers
1. UNRWA
4. Hamas
5. Iran
Ebrahim Raisi, President of Iran

1947 - 1979
• Shah Mohammad Reza
• 60,000 Jews in Iran in 1979
• Iran 2nd Muslim country to
recognize the State of Israel
• Supplied Israel with oil during the
Six-Day War
71

1947 - 1979
• 1979, Israel owed over $1 billion to
Iran for loans and supplies
• Weekly
fl
ights between Tehran and
Israel
• Israel-Iranian Oil pipeline sending oil
to Israel when Arab Nations
boycotted
72

1979 Revolution
• Cuto
ff
relations
• 30,000 Jews
fl
ed during the
fi
rst
year of Khomeini
• Called for the destruction of Israel
• Every president and Ayatollah has
maintained this stance since 1979
73
Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini

the cancerous tumor called Israel must be uprooted from the region
Ali Khamenei, 2000
the perpetual concern of Iran is the elimination of Israel from the region
Ali Khamenei, 2001
“Sworn to Destruction: What Iranian Leader continue to Say About Israel” (7 Jan 2014) https://jcpa.org/article/20-threats-iranian-leaders-made-in-2013/

Iran-PLO
• 1979 PLO opened o
ffi
ce in
Tehran
• Arafat received cold reception
• Khomeini refused to meet him
• Critized PLO as having Pan-Arab
nationalist agenda rather than a
Muslim religious agenda
Rachel Brandenburg, “Iran and the Palestinians”, The Iran Primer (US Institute of Peace: 13 October 2010). https://iranprimer.usip.org/resource/iran-and-palestinians

Iran-Palestinian authority
• 2013 Mahmoud Abbas met with
Ahmadinejad to discuss
mediation a peace agreement
• 2015 Iran refused to meet with
Abbas
• No diplomatic relations since

Iran-Hamas
• Strengthened when the PLO
pursued peace with Israel 1990
• 1990 hosted conference with
Hamas but declined to invite
Yassar Arafat
• Committed to give $30M/year to
Hamas and train
fi
ghters
• Hamas opened o
ffi
ce in Tehran

Why is Iran concerned with Hamas?
• Iranian Revolution born out of a post-colonial context
• Iran’s revolutionary government shares beliefs with Hamas extremism
• Iran hopes to use the Palestinian issue to gain political in
fl
uence in the Islamic
world
• Iran’s alliance with Hamas is consistent with anti-Western posture ,“The
enemy of my enemy is my friend”
• Iran is isolated. Hamas is proxy to gain geo-political power in the region
Mohammad Tabaar “Why Iran is Gambling on Hamas” Foreign A
ff
airs Journal (1 Nov 2023), https://www.foreigna
ff
airs.com/middle-east/why-iran-gambling-hamas

Players & Spoilers
1. UNRWA
4. Hamas
5. Iran
6. West Bank Settlers

West Bank Settlers
132 West Bank Settlements
465,400 Jewish settlers
20,000+ Jews in 5 illegal towns
Most are Far Right Modern Orthodox
80
https://israelpolicyforum.org/west-bank-settlements-explained/

Why Do They Go?
Because Israel has not annexed the
territories yet
Because they know the government will
protect them (legal or illegal)
Because if they
fi
ll the West Bank they
will squeeze out Palestinians
81

1948 - 1967
Jordan expelled Jews from WB
1967 Religious Jews settled Kfar
Etzion
1967 - 1977 32 new settlements in
Jordan Valley
82

Yigal Allon, Labor
1967 - 1977
Yigal Allon, Labor Minister
“Allon Plan” during Six-Day War
Establish a security perimeter around
Palestinian villages of religious Jewish
settlers
83

Ariel Sharon, Likud
1977 - 1984
Promoted settlements around Palestinian
villages with Modern Orthodox
To prevent estab. of Palestinian State
To apply political pressure on the PLO
84

Yitzhak Rabin, Labor
1992
Stopped all Settlements
Oslo Accord, agreed to dismantle
settlements
85

Illegal Settlements
1992 - 2020
In response to Oslo, and possibility of a
Palestinian State
Religious extremist groups like the
“Hilltop Youth” began illegal
settlements against government
100 Illegal settlements on WB
86

Hilltop Youth
Founded November, 1998
At the urging of Ariel Sharon to “grab
the hilltops”
Extremist Modern Orthodox
Isabel Kershner, Barrier: The Seam of the Israeli-Palestinian Con
fl
ict (St. Martin: 2014): : 184-185

Sharon (Likud) Inspired the Hilltop Youth
Everyone [on the West Bank] should run…grab more hills, expand the
territory. Everything that's grabbed will be in our hands. Everything we
don't grab will be in their hands.
Ariel Sharon
Adam T. Smith, The Political Landscape: Constellations of Authority in Early Complex Polities, University of California Press, 2003

Settler-Palestinian Violence Spike
January, 2020 - July 2021
Beginning with Intifada II, Settlers
began harassing and attacking
Palestinians in the West Bank
Map shows Settler Violence
89

Netanyahu & Settlers
Netanyahu’s new Likud Coalition
included far right MK ministers
many of whom represented
Settlers.
https://www.nytimes.com/2023/06/29/world/middleeast/israel-west-bank-settlements-expansion.html
Netanyahu with Bezalel Smotrich, far right Settler Activist

Netanyahu & Settlers
By June, 2023
Permitted 13,000 new settlements
More than 400,000 Israeli Settlers
https://www.nytimes.com/2023/06/29/world/middleeast/israel-west-bank-settlements-expansion.html
Netanyahu with Bezalel Smotrich, far right Settler Activist

Bezalel Smotrich
• Minister of Finance
• Religious Zionist
• Born in Haspin, a WB Settlement
• Grew up in an illegal settlement
• Opposes Palestinian Statehood
• Supporter of Settlements
• Controversial because of his anti-
Arab statements and suggestions
that Israel expel Palestinians
92

To Arab Lawmakers: “You’re here by mistake! Its a mistake that Ben-Gurion didn’t
fi
nish the job
and throw you all out in 1948.” [1]
To Knesset: Israel should not sell homes to Arabs [inside Israel] Anyone who wants to protect the
Jewish people should oppose Jews marrying Arabs.[2]
To Gazans: “Israel will no longer put up with the existence of Palestinians in Gaza,” calling Israel
to expel Palestinians en masse from Gaza. [3]
[1] Spiro, Amy . "Smotrich at Knesset: Ben-Gurion should have "
fi
nished the job", thrown out Arabs". The Times of Israel. (13 October 2021)
[2] Harkov, Lahav “Bayit Yehudi MK: God commanded Jews not to sell homes to Arabs". The Jerusalem Post.
[3] “Israeli O
ffi
cials' Calls For Emigration Of Palestinians Alarm Human Rights Experts". Hu
ff
Post. (4 January 2024)

“We are now rolling out the Gaza Nakba!” (MK Avi Dichter)
Dropping a nuclear bomb on Gaza is one of the possibilities (Heritage Minister Amihai Eliyahu)
We need to create a “sterile zone” in the West Bank, by expelling Palestinians. (MK Bezalel Smotrich)
https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/gaza-nakba-israels-far-right-palestinian-fears-hamas-war-rcna123909

Far Right lawmaker Itamar Ben Gvir said…he wants to introduce a bill…to deport
Arab Israeli citizens…as well as Arab politicians who are disloyal to the State of
Israel…they should be deported on trains and planes. (MK Ben Gvir)
Michael Horowitz, “Ben Gvir Says He’d seek to expel Arabs” The Times of Israel (16 Aug 2022) https://www.timeso
fi
srael.com/ben-gvir-says-hed-seek-to-expel-arabs-who-attack-idf-soldiers-disloyal-mks/

What are the concerns?
• Does the rhetoric make peace talks harder?
• Does the growth of Settlements make peace talks harder?
• Does the language alienate Arab - Israeli Citizens?
• Does the growth of Settlements near Arab villages increase incidents of
violence?
• If peace talks do resume, how will Israel actually go about removing religious
settlers from their land?
96

Why does Netanyahu’s Likud tolerate the far right?
• Possibly to maintain political pressure on the PA?
• Possibly to keep his fragile coalition together?
• Possibly to create political leverage if negotiation resumes?
• Possibly (but not probably) because he actually agrees with them?
97

Players & Spoilers
1. UNRWA
4. Hamas
5. Iran
6. West Bank Settlers
7. US Administration

US Policy
US Policy regardless of who is in
o
ffi
ce is to support Israel as our
democratic ally in the Mideast
US Policy regardless of who is in
o
ffi
ce is to support the peace
process.
Each Administration has made
some e
ff
ort to support Israel and to
support the peace process, despite
criticism from both sides
99
Biden and Netanyahu Obama and Netanyahu
Trump and Abbas Bush and Arafat
Rabin, Clinton, Arafat Bush Abbas, Rabin

UNRAVELING THE PEACE PROCESS
MJTI PEP • The Israeli-Palestinian Con
fl
ict • Week 4

Start of Second Intifada
Sep 2000 - Feb 2005

Israelis Protested against Ehud Barak
And against the peace process

February, 2001 Election, Labor was voted out

2007 Peace Talks
• Ehud Olmert o
ff
er
• Palestinian Sovereignty
• Return 94% of West Bank
• Withdrawal of Israeli Forces
• Dismantle the smaller settlements
• Land exchange for larger settlements
• Contiguity between WB and Gaza
• Joint administration of Jerusalem’s holy sites
• Admit 1000 refugees every year based on
humanitarian criteria
https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/ehud-olmert-s-peace-o
ff
er#:~:text=The%20main%20elements%20of%20Olmert's,have%20been%20split%20in%20half.
Ehud Omert
Mahmood Abbas

Olmert showed Abbas a map…He told Abbas, “‘This is the o
ff
er. Sign it and we can
immediately get support from America, from Europe, from all over the world.’ I told him
he’d never get anything like this again from an Israeli leader for 50 years.
https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/ehud-olmert-s-peace-o
ff
er#:~:text=The%20main%20elements%20of%20Olmert's,have%20been%20split%20in%20half.

Ehud Olmert
Embroiled in corruption charges
Stepped down
Was charged and arrested.
Replaced by Tzipi Livni
Replaced by Benjamin Netanyahu. (Likud)
Peace process ended.
Susser, L. D.. "Tzipi Livni." Encyclopedia Britannica, January 27, 2024. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Tzipi-Livni.

MJTI PEP Israeli-Palestinian Conflict Part 3

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

Similar to MJTI PEP Israeli-Palestinian Conflict Part 3

Similar to MJTI PEP Israeli-Palestinian Conflict Part 3 (15)

More from S Meyer

More from S Meyer (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

MJTI PEP Israeli-Palestinian Conflict Part 3