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Int 244 Lecture 7 Hinduism Part 1
- 2. Hinduism’s Influence In the West
- 4. Yoga Nanda Yoga Hari Krishna
- 5. Hindu Thought in American Film
- 6. Indus River Valley Sindhu (Sanskrit) Hindu (Persian) India (Greek) India Origin of the Name
- 7. Sanatan Dharma The eternal path India Hindus call their religion:
- 8. Demographics
- 9. Demographics • Considered oldest religion (Non-Christian historians) • Worldwide 1.1 billion • 15% of world’s population • 94% of Hindus live in India • Third largest religion in world (Pew Research, 2015)
- 10. Demographics • Worldwide 1.1 billion • India 1.053 billion • North America 2.25 million • Arizona 33,000 (Pew Research, 2017; AZCentral, 2014)
- 12. History
- 13. Periods of History • Indus Valley Period ( 2700 to 1500 BC) • Vedic Period (1500 to 500 BC) • Classical Period (320 AD to 520 AD)
- 14. Indus Valley Civilization 2000 BC
- 16. Aryan Migration 1500 BC Sanskrit Language Vedic Literature
- 17. Vedic Period 1500 BC - 500 BC Vedic texts written Religion called Brahmanism
- 18. Vedic Period 1500 BC - 500 BC Brahmanism Belief in an ultimate god real being
- 19. Veda Texts 1200 BC Animal Sacrifices Descriptions of gods
- 20. Upanishad Texts 700 BC Philosophy Order of the Universe
- 21. Bhagavad Gita 400 BC - 200 AD Order of Society Caste System
- 22. Classical Period 500 BC - 500 AD Golden Age Worship of Vishnu, Shiva, Devi Concept of Dharma
- 23. Classical Period 500 BC - 500 AD Buddhism split Jainism split
- 24. Medieval Period 500 - 1757 AD Proliferation of Teachers Islamic Invasion Dashavatara Temple to Vishnu
- 25. Modern Period 1757 - 1949 British Occupation Christian Missionaries Modernization
- 26. India’s Independence 1949 - Present Mahatma Gandhi, first Prime Minister
- 27. Beliefs
- 28. Abrahamic Religions Believe Truth was Revealed Mt. Sinai Moses The Gospel Jesus Quran Muhammad
- 29. Hinduism believes truth always existed • Shruti — that what is heard • Recorded in the Vedas • No prophet or revelation
- 30. Seven Beliefs 1. Brahman 2. Atman 3. Karma 4. Moksha 5. Yuga 6. Dharma 7.The Vedas
- 31. 1. Brahman Universal Soul Material everything’s made from Energy pervading the universe Impersonal Force
- 32. 2. Atman A person’s individual soul Soul lives on after death
- 33. 3. Karma Cosmic Justice Good and bad actions affect Affect all Society Affect Us later in life Affect Us in another life
- 34. Past Life Present Life Future Life 3. Karma
- 35. 4. Yugas Kalpae 4 Epochs of Time 4.35 Million year cycle Creation -> Destruction -> Creation
- 36. Creation Story
- 37. Satya Yuga Humanity governed by the gods Hindu Golden Age
- 38. Treta Yuga Emergence of human Civilization
- 39. Dwapar Yuga Secularization of Humanity Decline of Civilization
- 40. Kali Yuga Materialism - Warfare Age of Darkness Destruction of Civilization
- 41. 4 -Yuga’s 4 Epochs of Time 4.35 Million year cycle Creation -> Destruction -> Creation
- 42. 5. Dharma Balance in the universe Balance in your personal life
- 43. 6. Moksha Journey toward Brahman
- 44. Goals to Acquire 1. Dharma: Balance 2. Artha: Wealth & Prosperity 3. Kama Sutra: Pleasure in body & mind 4. Moksha: Achieved through #1-3
- 45. Vices to Avoid 1. Kama: lust & coveting 2. Kroodha: anger 3. Lobha: Greed 4. Moha: Obsession with things, people or power 5. Mada: pride 6. Matsarya: Jealousy & coveting
- 46. 7. Vedas The four sacred texts of Hinduism
- 47. Seven Beliefs 1. Brahman 2. Atman 3. Karma 4. Moksha 5. Yuga 6. Dharma 7.The Vedas
- 48. Sacred Texts
- 49. Sacred Texts • The Four Vedas • The Upanishads • The additional texts
- 50. The Four Vedas 1. Rig Veda 2. Sama Veda 3. Yajur Veda 4. Atharva Veda
- 51. Four Vedas 1500 - 500 BC Vedic Period of India Orally transmitted Divine Texts
- 52. 1. Rig Veda Songs & Poems Truth, Reality, Universe War, Weddings, Rituals
- 53. 2. Yajur Veda Sacrificial rites Rituals
- 54. 3. Sama Veda Sweet song that destroys sorrow Praises to the gods
- 55. 4. Atharva Veda Curses, spells, blessings
- 56. Upanishads 800 - 500 BC Divine Texts Philosophical questions in the Vedas Concept of the Atman (person’s essence)
- 57. Additional Texts 1. Bhagavad Gita 2. Puranas 3. Mahabharata 4. Ramayana
- 58. Bhagavad Gita Epoch War story Krishna teaches Arjuna We all must act according to Duty (Dharma)
- 59. Puranas Encyclopedias of Hindu Beliefs Yoga Taxation, Caste System, Civil Law
- 60. Mahabharata Longest poem in the world Epoch story 5 x Bile
- 61. Ramayana Epoch story of Prince Rama
- 62. Hindu Deities
- 63. Hindu Trinity 1. Brahama - The Creator 2. Vishnu - The Preserver 3. Shiva- The Destroyer Brahman Vishnu Shiva
- 64. 1. Brahma The Creator Not equal to Brahman Holds book of knowledge
- 65. Brahma’s Heads The four Vedas Four Yugas (epochs)
- 66. Saraswati Brahma’s wife Goddess of learning
- 67. 2. Vishnu The preserver Preserves world until destroyed Discis is weapon to cut down those who upset Dharma
- 68. Vishnu’s Wives Lakshmi Bhu Devi Garuda (his eagle)
- 69. Vishnu’s 10 Avatars Means “descent” Ten Avatars Divine appearances of gods Intervene to repair Dharma
- 70. Krishna Primary Avatar a. when earth was flooded he dragged earth out from under the sea b. Born on earth (like Jesus) spent life fixing things
- 71. 3. Shiva The Destroyer At end of world Dance to destroy the world
- 72. Shiva’s Wives Paravati & Sati
- 73. Shiva’s sons Ganesha (remove obstacles) Murugan (god of war)
- 75. Four Branches 1. Vaishnavas - worship Vishnu 2. Shaivas - worship Shiva 3. Smartas - follow Puranas, Mahabharata, & Ramayana 4. Shaktas - worship Devi (a feminine Brahma)
- 76. Caste System
- 77. Bhagavad Ghita Rig Veda Created by Krishna Created to maintain Dharma
- 78. Brahma’s Body • Brahmins - priests, Brahma’s mouth • Kshatriyas - warriors, Brahma’s arms • Vaishyas - merchants, Brahma’s legs • Shudras - laborers, Brahma’s feet
- 80. Caste System in History • Originally, Caste based on ability • Laws of Manu (5th Century BC) • Rule #1 - Brahmin are Lord of Castes • Rule #2 - Hindus cannot change caste • Dalit - Untouchables, out-caste, emerged
- 81. Caste System in History • British exploited castes (1757 - 1930s) • British established laws to protect (1930s - 1947) • India established laws full rights to all castes (1947) • Today, castes mostly social/cultural
- 83. Guru Spiritual teacher One who initiates followers
- 84. Swami Hindu Holy Man Teacher with many followers
- 85. Pundit or Pujaris Hindu Priests Ceremonial or ritual role
- 86. Yogi Hindu teacher of Yoga And philosophies related
Editor's Notes
- https://www.pewforum.org/2017/04/05/the-changing-global-religious-landscape/
- Fusion of the Aryan and Indus River Valley Civilization Created the Hindu people.
- The Satya Yuga (सत्य युग), alternatively called the Sat Yuga and Krita Yuga, is not only the first but also the foremost of the Hindu divisions of time, not unlike the Golden Age in Greek mythology. The Dharma bull stands steadily on all four legs during this period. The Satya Yuga is the consummate "Yuga of Truth," wherein humankind is governed by gods, and every manifestation or work performed by human beings resembles the purest ideal of the divine. This epoch is characterized by a harmonious, pious society, and no evil or hatred is said to exist whatsoever. There are no class divisions between rich and poor, nor is their any need for labor or a system of commerce since all is available in abundance by the power of the will. People are not stricken with disease in this period, nor do they age. All the pillars of religion such as knowledge and penance are present in totality in this age, though meditation (dyana) is the virtue accorded highest value. Ashrams, meanwhile, are devoid of any wickedness and deceit. As such, the great majority of the people alive in this age are able to experience spirituality by direct intuitive realization of truth, and the cleavage between the material and the transcendent realms is essentially transparent. Writing is unnecessary because people communicate directly by way of their thoughts; as are temples, since people continually feel the omnipresence of God. Matsya (the fish), Kurma (the turtle), Varaha (the boar) and Narasimha (the man-lion), the first four incarnations of Vishnu, appear in this epoch.
- While the Treta Yuga (त्रेता युग) saw a slight decline in the overall quality of life, it was still a glorious age in itself. The Dharma bull stood on three legs during this period. Treta Yuga was most prominently the mental age, in which psychic power was harnessed. Many inventions resulted from this power, which were used to dissolve the illusion of time. As in the Satya Yuga, religion still flourished, and fittingly the virtue accorded highest value in this epoch is yajna (sacrifice). This Yuga saw the incarnation of the first human avatars of Vishnu: Vamana, Parashurama, and Rama, respectively. Although this age was not usually marked by warfare, it was during this time period when the war that is recounted in the Ramayana allegedly occurred, wherein Rama conquered the evil King Ravana.
- The Dvapara Yuga (द्वापर युग) is described as seeing the first drastic decline in righteousness of humanity. The dharma bull now only stands only on two legs, so the overall moral standard of the people in the Dvapara Yuga drops immensely. In this age, adherence to the Vedas becomes less acute and the Vedas are divided into the four parts that we know today as the Rig, Sama, Yajur and Atharva Vedas. More seriously, the Caste system of the varnas is neglected during this time, along with the Yajnas (sacrifices).
- The Dvapara Yuga (द्वापर युग) is described as seeing the first drastic decline in righteousness of humanity. The dharma bull now only stands only on two legs, so the overall moral standard of the people in the Dvapara Yuga drops immensely. In this age, adherence to the Vedas becomes less acute and the Vedas are divided into the four parts that we know today as the Rig, Sama, Yajur and Atharva Vedas. More seriously, the Caste system of the varnas is neglected during this time, along with the Yajnas (sacrifices).
- Material advantages, acquiring things
- Material advantages, acquiring things
- Brahma is the creator. He is separate from Brahman, the creation the universal soul His four heads face Rides a giant swan
- Brahma is the creator. He is separate from Brahman, the creation the universal soul His four heads face
- Known for many arms At the end of time will dance to destroy the earth Has a third eye. If he opens it, and you’re in front of him You will be destroyed.
- Ganesha elephant Removes obstacles
- Vaishnavas worship Vishnu Shaivas worship Shiva Smartas follow specific sacred texts like the Puranas, Mahabharata, and Ramayana instead of he vedas, And they worship Ganesha Durga, Surya, Shiva, and an avatar of Vishnu