This document discusses reducing inrush current in power transformers. It begins by introducing transformers and explaining that inrush current can be up to 10 times the nominal current and cause issues. One method to reduce inrush current is point-on-wave switching, which controls energization based on residual flux. However, measuring residual flux is difficult. The paper proposes a prefluxing technique which sets the initial flux in the transformer before energization using controlled switching. It models a 300MVA, 11/400kV transformer in MATLAB and compares inrush current reduction using point-on-wave switching and prefluxing. The aim is to minimize the peak inrush current and reach steady state current faster.
This document discusses various protection schemes and current transformer design requirements to support them. It covers overcurrent, unit, differential, and distance protection. It describes high and low impedance differential protection and the differences in their current transformer requirements. Key factors discussed are current transformer knee point voltage, ratio, burden, and saturation performance for different applications like busbar, generator, and line protection.
This document discusses out-of-step (OOS) protection fundamentals. It explains that power swings can cause undesired relay operation and lead to cascading outages. It discusses relay elements prone to operate during power swings like distance and overcurrent relays. It describes stable and unstable power swings and the need for OOS protection to separate asynchronous areas. The document outlines various OOS protection functions like power swing blocking and out-of-step tripping and discusses their benefits. It analyzes relay and generator performance during OOS conditions using system examples. Finally, it recommends protection system and other grid improvements to preserve stability.
This document discusses faults in power systems, including types (open circuit and short circuit), causes, and effects. Open circuit faults are caused by failures of conductors and can cause unbalanced voltages and currents. Short circuit faults are caused by insulation failures and result in abnormally high currents, potentially damaging equipment. Faults are classified as symmetrical (all phases shorted simultaneously) or unsymmetrical. Unsymmetrical faults like single line-to-ground are most common. When faults occur, protection devices like circuit breakers and relays quickly isolate the faulty section to prevent damage.
The document discusses power quality issues caused by harmonics from non-linear loads. It provides background on the increasing use of non-linear loads and effects of harmonics. Specific sources of harmonics are outlined along with their impact on power quality including overheating, failures, and interference. Mitigation techniques are reviewed such as passive and active filtering. Active power filters are highlighted as an effective solution, with shunt active power filters discussed in detail for compensating harmonic currents and reactive power. The document concludes that active power filtering is still developing and more research is needed on techniques like controls and artificial intelligence to further improve power quality.
Surge current protection using superconductor pptChirag2016
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on using superconductors for surge current protection. It introduces surge currents and the need for protection against them. It then discusses superconductors and how they can conduct electricity with zero resistance below a critical temperature. Different types of superconductors are presented, as well as how superconductive surge current limiters work by providing high impedance above a given current threshold. The document concludes by discussing advantages of using superconductors for this application and future plans to introduce them into power grid transmission systems.
The functions of an excitation system are
to provide direct current to the synchronous generator field winding, and
to perform control and protective functions essential to the satisfactory operation of the power system
The performance requirements of the excitation system are determined by
Generator considerations:
supply and adjust field current as the generator output varies within its continuous capability
respond to transient disturbances with field forcing consistent with the generator short term capabilities:
rotor insulation failure due to high field voltage
rotor heating due to high field current
stator heating due to high VAR loading
heating due to excess flux (volts/Hz)
Power system considerations:
contribute to effective control of system voltage and improvement of system stability
Deicing of transmisson line by dielectrc lossesbindasbhabani
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on de-icing of transmission lines using dielectric losses. The presentation discusses how ice formation can cause failures and outages, and introduces de-icing through applying a high frequency excitation to cause dielectric heating within the ice. It describes dielectric and skin effect heating mechanisms, and proposes combining the effects with a 100kHz field to achieve uniform ice melting. The presentation covers dielectric loss principles, de-icing types, advantages of reducing costs and applicability to live lines, and disadvantages of potential interference. It concludes dielectric heating is a promising approach for de-icing transmission lines.
This document discusses various protection schemes and current transformer design requirements to support them. It covers overcurrent, unit, differential, and distance protection. It describes high and low impedance differential protection and the differences in their current transformer requirements. Key factors discussed are current transformer knee point voltage, ratio, burden, and saturation performance for different applications like busbar, generator, and line protection.
This document discusses out-of-step (OOS) protection fundamentals. It explains that power swings can cause undesired relay operation and lead to cascading outages. It discusses relay elements prone to operate during power swings like distance and overcurrent relays. It describes stable and unstable power swings and the need for OOS protection to separate asynchronous areas. The document outlines various OOS protection functions like power swing blocking and out-of-step tripping and discusses their benefits. It analyzes relay and generator performance during OOS conditions using system examples. Finally, it recommends protection system and other grid improvements to preserve stability.
This document discusses faults in power systems, including types (open circuit and short circuit), causes, and effects. Open circuit faults are caused by failures of conductors and can cause unbalanced voltages and currents. Short circuit faults are caused by insulation failures and result in abnormally high currents, potentially damaging equipment. Faults are classified as symmetrical (all phases shorted simultaneously) or unsymmetrical. Unsymmetrical faults like single line-to-ground are most common. When faults occur, protection devices like circuit breakers and relays quickly isolate the faulty section to prevent damage.
The document discusses power quality issues caused by harmonics from non-linear loads. It provides background on the increasing use of non-linear loads and effects of harmonics. Specific sources of harmonics are outlined along with their impact on power quality including overheating, failures, and interference. Mitigation techniques are reviewed such as passive and active filtering. Active power filters are highlighted as an effective solution, with shunt active power filters discussed in detail for compensating harmonic currents and reactive power. The document concludes that active power filtering is still developing and more research is needed on techniques like controls and artificial intelligence to further improve power quality.
Surge current protection using superconductor pptChirag2016
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on using superconductors for surge current protection. It introduces surge currents and the need for protection against them. It then discusses superconductors and how they can conduct electricity with zero resistance below a critical temperature. Different types of superconductors are presented, as well as how superconductive surge current limiters work by providing high impedance above a given current threshold. The document concludes by discussing advantages of using superconductors for this application and future plans to introduce them into power grid transmission systems.
The functions of an excitation system are
to provide direct current to the synchronous generator field winding, and
to perform control and protective functions essential to the satisfactory operation of the power system
The performance requirements of the excitation system are determined by
Generator considerations:
supply and adjust field current as the generator output varies within its continuous capability
respond to transient disturbances with field forcing consistent with the generator short term capabilities:
rotor insulation failure due to high field voltage
rotor heating due to high field current
stator heating due to high VAR loading
heating due to excess flux (volts/Hz)
Power system considerations:
contribute to effective control of system voltage and improvement of system stability
Deicing of transmisson line by dielectrc lossesbindasbhabani
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on de-icing of transmission lines using dielectric losses. The presentation discusses how ice formation can cause failures and outages, and introduces de-icing through applying a high frequency excitation to cause dielectric heating within the ice. It describes dielectric and skin effect heating mechanisms, and proposes combining the effects with a 100kHz field to achieve uniform ice melting. The presentation covers dielectric loss principles, de-icing types, advantages of reducing costs and applicability to live lines, and disadvantages of potential interference. It concludes dielectric heating is a promising approach for de-icing transmission lines.
How is power transformer protected??? This provides a basic understanding of power transformer. Furthermore, the protective relay application on power transformer is included.
The document discusses power system protection and protective relays. It provides definitions of key terms like protection, relay, circuit breaker. It describes the basic components of a protection system including transducers, relays, tripping mechanisms, and circuit breakers. It also summarizes the main types of faults that can occur in a power system like short circuits and abnormalities. Additionally, it discusses the desirable characteristics of protective relays like speed, security, dependability, and selectivity. The document covers different classifications of relays according to their construction, incoming signals, and the type of protection provided. It also describes various types of electromagnetic relays specifically attracted armature and plunger relays.
The document discusses transformer protection. It describes different types of faults that can occur in transformers, both internal and external. It then discusses various protection methods for transformers, including differential protection, sudden pressure relays, overcurrent protection, and thermal protection. It also provides details on magnetizing inrush current and how it is influenced by factors like transformer size, system resistance, and residual flux levels.
it is the most simplest presentation which is easy for preparetion and presentation.if u want some more information about multilevel inverter then follow the link given below
https://www.theengineeringprojects.com/2014/12/introduction-multilevel-inverters.html
A STATCOM CONTROL SCHEME FOR POWER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT OF GRID CONNECTED TO W...Power System Operation
Introduction to the project
Aim of the project
Objective of the project
FACTS devices
Introduction to STATCOM
Control characteristics of STATCOM
Renewable energy sources
Introduction to wind energy
Operation of double fed induction generator
MATLAB/SIMULINK software
Simulation results.
Conclusion
The document discusses protection schemes for transformers. It describes faults that can occur in transformers such as open circuits, overheating, and winding short circuits. It then discusses different protection systems for transformers including Buchholz relays, earth fault relays, overcurrent relays, and differential protection systems. Differential protection systems operate by comparing currents from current transformers on both sides of the transformer and tripping the circuit breaker if a difference is detected, indicating an internal fault. The combination of protection schemes provides comprehensive protection for transformers.
This document discusses available transfer capability (ATC) and methods for calculating ATC. It begins by defining ATC according to NERC as the remaining transmission capacity for commercial activity over already committed uses. It then lists three main methods for calculating ATC: (1) continuation power flow, (2) optimal power flow, and (3) repeated power flow. The document goes on to provide more details about each method, including their strengths and weaknesses. It also discusses AC and DC power flow methods for calculating ATC, noting the DC method only considers real power flow while AC incorporates reactive power as well.
The document discusses lightning protection for wind turbine blades. It defines a wind turbine as a device that converts wind's kinetic energy to electrical power. There are two main types: horizontal axis and vertical axis turbines. Lightning is a sudden electrostatic discharge during a storm that can generate direct thermal effects at the strike point. The blades are one of the most vulnerable parts and research has analyzed the damage mechanisms from lightning strikes. Installation of lightning arresters at blade tips can effectively intercept lightning strikes.
The document discusses busbar protection, including the need for busbar protection, types of busbar protections like high impedance, medium impedance and low impedance protections. It describes the requirements of busbar protection like short tripping time and stable operation during external faults. The document discusses different busbar arrangements and applications of numerical busbar protection systems like RADSS. It provides examples of busbar protection schemes for different bus configurations. The document also includes excerpts from technical manuals providing recommendations on busbar protection in substations.
Tutorial on Distance and Over Current ProtectionSARAVANAN A
Contents
• Protection Philosophy of ERPC
• Computation of Distance Relay Setting
• System Study to Understand Distance Relay
Behaviour
• DOC and DEF for EHV system
This document provides an overview of airborne wind energy systems (AWES). It discusses how AWES work at higher altitudes of 600-1000 feet to access stronger, more consistent winds. It covers the history and concepts of AWES, including groundgen and flygen concepts. It also summarizes the advantages of AWES in providing more consistent power production as well as applications in areas with limited infrastructure. The document concludes that AWES represent an emerging renewable energy technology as research and development continues.
The document discusses protection of alternators from various faults. It describes 7 types of faults that alternators require protection from: (1) failure of prime mover, (2) failure of field, (3) overcurrent, (4) overspeed, (5) overvoltage, (6) stator winding faults, and (7) unbalanced loading. It then provides details on differential protection and the Merz-Price circulating current scheme, which is commonly used to protect against stator winding faults. It also discusses limitations of this scheme and modified schemes for protection in other situations.
The document describes a project report on three phase fault analysis with auto reset. It includes a block diagram of the project, descriptions of the hardware components used including transformers, voltage regulators, 555 timers, and relays. It also includes schematic and layout diagrams and details on testing the hardware. The system is designed to automatically disconnect the three phase power supply in the event of a fault, with the supply automatically resetting for temporary faults but remaining tripped for permanent faults.
This document describes various protection schemes for transformers, including differential, restricted earth fault, overcurrent, and thermal protection.
1) Differential protection compares currents entering and leaving the transformer zone to detect internal faults. It provides the best protection for internal faults.
2) Restricted earth fault protection is used to detect high-resistance winding-to-core faults not detectable by differential relays. It uses a neutral current transformer and is sensitive to internal earth faults.
3) Overcurrent protection uses relays with current coils to detect overloads and faults above a pickup threshold. It also includes ground-fault protection.
Harmonics create pollution in our power system just like carbon dioxide and other gases create air pollution. It has adverse effects directly or indirectly on equipment like motors, transformers, induction heaters, etc. It leads to energy loss due to poor power factor.
Following content has been covered:
- The definition of harmonics is briefly interpreted.
- Factors which are responsible for harmonics current generation is discussed.
- Often the failure of equipment like motors, transformer, etc. has been put on harmonics current. But this is not always the case. This ambiguity is being tried to clear by putting content "What harmonics are not"? so that readers who are associated with operation and maintenance can efficiently do analysis and find the root cause of failure of equipment.
- IEEE Std. 519-1992, 2014 has been interpreted.
The document compares the characteristics of STATCOM and SVC devices. It discusses their V-I and V-Q characteristics, transient stability, response time (STATCOM is faster at 200-300 microseconds vs SVC at 2.5-5 milliseconds), capability to exchange real power (only STATCOM can do this), operation with unbalanced systems, loss characteristics, and physical size (STATCOM is 30-40% smaller without need for large capacitor and reactor banks).
This document discusses basic protection and relaying schemes used in power systems. It begins by explaining why protection systems are needed to handle severe disturbances that could jeopardize the power system. The key elements of a protection system are then introduced, including protective relays, circuit breakers, and current/voltage transducers. Common protection schemes like overcurrent, directional overcurrent, distance, and differential protection are described at a high level. The advantages of digital relays over electromechanical relays are also briefly mentioned. Overall, the document provides a high-level overview of protection systems and some of the basic schemes used to protect different components in a power grid.
It is based on current transformer description
It's working and applications are present in it ,it also includes videos of it's windings and it's inrush ability of transformer, and also about instrument transformer and it's working with applications.Current transformers are used-in measuring high currents and connected with it in parallel to it
Power Transformer Differential protectionRishi Tandon
This document discusses power transformer protection. It begins by explaining that transformers are static devices that transform electrical energy between circuits without changing frequency. Power transformers are vital but expensive components that are difficult to repair if damaged. Transformer protection is needed to prevent severe damage from faults and ensure continuous network operation. Common fault types and causes are then outlined, including insulation breakdown, overheating, contamination, and phase/turn faults. The document proceeds to describe the general scheme of differential protection and specific protection functions like bias differential, overfluxing, over/under voltage, and restricted earth fault protection. It provides an example calculation for setting a transformer differential relay and diagrams demonstrating differential relay operation. Finally, it reviews models from various manufacturers and presents a case study
Analysis of protection measures on equipment of gis for very fast transient o...eSAT Journals
Abstract Gas Insulated Substations (GIS) have found a broad range of applications in power systems because of their high reliability, easy maintenance, small ground space requirements etc. In a Gas insulated substations, the operation of disconnector switches and circuit breakers can cause Very Fast Transient Overvoltages (VFTOs), which will bring an instantaneous change in voltage with a very short rise time and it is normally followed by oscillation having high frequencies. For designing the insulation level of a substation, it is essential to know the maximum value of VFTO. Fast operating disconnector switches are usually used to reduce time of the breakdown; however, it cannot eliminate fully the effect of the VFTO. Very Fast Transient Overvoltages caused by disconnector switch operation of 1000 kv GIS is simulated and calculated in this paper using MATLAB. The various protection measures on equipment of GIS have been compared and analyzed by adding ferrite rings, opening and closing of resistor, metal oxide arrester and R-C absorber. Index Terms: Gas Insulated Substation, Very Fast Transient Overvoltage’s, Matlab/Simulink, Disconnector switch.
The document discusses transformer protection principles, including:
1. Transformer protection aims to limit damage from faults by identifying abnormal operating conditions. Differential, overcurrent, temperature and other protections are used.
2. Protections detect faults, overloads and minimize disconnection time to simplify repair and reduce failure risk.
3. GE Multilin relays provide comprehensive protection including differential, restricted ground fault, overflux and thermal protections in products like the T60 and T35.
How is power transformer protected??? This provides a basic understanding of power transformer. Furthermore, the protective relay application on power transformer is included.
The document discusses power system protection and protective relays. It provides definitions of key terms like protection, relay, circuit breaker. It describes the basic components of a protection system including transducers, relays, tripping mechanisms, and circuit breakers. It also summarizes the main types of faults that can occur in a power system like short circuits and abnormalities. Additionally, it discusses the desirable characteristics of protective relays like speed, security, dependability, and selectivity. The document covers different classifications of relays according to their construction, incoming signals, and the type of protection provided. It also describes various types of electromagnetic relays specifically attracted armature and plunger relays.
The document discusses transformer protection. It describes different types of faults that can occur in transformers, both internal and external. It then discusses various protection methods for transformers, including differential protection, sudden pressure relays, overcurrent protection, and thermal protection. It also provides details on magnetizing inrush current and how it is influenced by factors like transformer size, system resistance, and residual flux levels.
it is the most simplest presentation which is easy for preparetion and presentation.if u want some more information about multilevel inverter then follow the link given below
https://www.theengineeringprojects.com/2014/12/introduction-multilevel-inverters.html
A STATCOM CONTROL SCHEME FOR POWER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT OF GRID CONNECTED TO W...Power System Operation
Introduction to the project
Aim of the project
Objective of the project
FACTS devices
Introduction to STATCOM
Control characteristics of STATCOM
Renewable energy sources
Introduction to wind energy
Operation of double fed induction generator
MATLAB/SIMULINK software
Simulation results.
Conclusion
The document discusses protection schemes for transformers. It describes faults that can occur in transformers such as open circuits, overheating, and winding short circuits. It then discusses different protection systems for transformers including Buchholz relays, earth fault relays, overcurrent relays, and differential protection systems. Differential protection systems operate by comparing currents from current transformers on both sides of the transformer and tripping the circuit breaker if a difference is detected, indicating an internal fault. The combination of protection schemes provides comprehensive protection for transformers.
This document discusses available transfer capability (ATC) and methods for calculating ATC. It begins by defining ATC according to NERC as the remaining transmission capacity for commercial activity over already committed uses. It then lists three main methods for calculating ATC: (1) continuation power flow, (2) optimal power flow, and (3) repeated power flow. The document goes on to provide more details about each method, including their strengths and weaknesses. It also discusses AC and DC power flow methods for calculating ATC, noting the DC method only considers real power flow while AC incorporates reactive power as well.
The document discusses lightning protection for wind turbine blades. It defines a wind turbine as a device that converts wind's kinetic energy to electrical power. There are two main types: horizontal axis and vertical axis turbines. Lightning is a sudden electrostatic discharge during a storm that can generate direct thermal effects at the strike point. The blades are one of the most vulnerable parts and research has analyzed the damage mechanisms from lightning strikes. Installation of lightning arresters at blade tips can effectively intercept lightning strikes.
The document discusses busbar protection, including the need for busbar protection, types of busbar protections like high impedance, medium impedance and low impedance protections. It describes the requirements of busbar protection like short tripping time and stable operation during external faults. The document discusses different busbar arrangements and applications of numerical busbar protection systems like RADSS. It provides examples of busbar protection schemes for different bus configurations. The document also includes excerpts from technical manuals providing recommendations on busbar protection in substations.
Tutorial on Distance and Over Current ProtectionSARAVANAN A
Contents
• Protection Philosophy of ERPC
• Computation of Distance Relay Setting
• System Study to Understand Distance Relay
Behaviour
• DOC and DEF for EHV system
This document provides an overview of airborne wind energy systems (AWES). It discusses how AWES work at higher altitudes of 600-1000 feet to access stronger, more consistent winds. It covers the history and concepts of AWES, including groundgen and flygen concepts. It also summarizes the advantages of AWES in providing more consistent power production as well as applications in areas with limited infrastructure. The document concludes that AWES represent an emerging renewable energy technology as research and development continues.
The document discusses protection of alternators from various faults. It describes 7 types of faults that alternators require protection from: (1) failure of prime mover, (2) failure of field, (3) overcurrent, (4) overspeed, (5) overvoltage, (6) stator winding faults, and (7) unbalanced loading. It then provides details on differential protection and the Merz-Price circulating current scheme, which is commonly used to protect against stator winding faults. It also discusses limitations of this scheme and modified schemes for protection in other situations.
The document describes a project report on three phase fault analysis with auto reset. It includes a block diagram of the project, descriptions of the hardware components used including transformers, voltage regulators, 555 timers, and relays. It also includes schematic and layout diagrams and details on testing the hardware. The system is designed to automatically disconnect the three phase power supply in the event of a fault, with the supply automatically resetting for temporary faults but remaining tripped for permanent faults.
This document describes various protection schemes for transformers, including differential, restricted earth fault, overcurrent, and thermal protection.
1) Differential protection compares currents entering and leaving the transformer zone to detect internal faults. It provides the best protection for internal faults.
2) Restricted earth fault protection is used to detect high-resistance winding-to-core faults not detectable by differential relays. It uses a neutral current transformer and is sensitive to internal earth faults.
3) Overcurrent protection uses relays with current coils to detect overloads and faults above a pickup threshold. It also includes ground-fault protection.
Harmonics create pollution in our power system just like carbon dioxide and other gases create air pollution. It has adverse effects directly or indirectly on equipment like motors, transformers, induction heaters, etc. It leads to energy loss due to poor power factor.
Following content has been covered:
- The definition of harmonics is briefly interpreted.
- Factors which are responsible for harmonics current generation is discussed.
- Often the failure of equipment like motors, transformer, etc. has been put on harmonics current. But this is not always the case. This ambiguity is being tried to clear by putting content "What harmonics are not"? so that readers who are associated with operation and maintenance can efficiently do analysis and find the root cause of failure of equipment.
- IEEE Std. 519-1992, 2014 has been interpreted.
The document compares the characteristics of STATCOM and SVC devices. It discusses their V-I and V-Q characteristics, transient stability, response time (STATCOM is faster at 200-300 microseconds vs SVC at 2.5-5 milliseconds), capability to exchange real power (only STATCOM can do this), operation with unbalanced systems, loss characteristics, and physical size (STATCOM is 30-40% smaller without need for large capacitor and reactor banks).
This document discusses basic protection and relaying schemes used in power systems. It begins by explaining why protection systems are needed to handle severe disturbances that could jeopardize the power system. The key elements of a protection system are then introduced, including protective relays, circuit breakers, and current/voltage transducers. Common protection schemes like overcurrent, directional overcurrent, distance, and differential protection are described at a high level. The advantages of digital relays over electromechanical relays are also briefly mentioned. Overall, the document provides a high-level overview of protection systems and some of the basic schemes used to protect different components in a power grid.
It is based on current transformer description
It's working and applications are present in it ,it also includes videos of it's windings and it's inrush ability of transformer, and also about instrument transformer and it's working with applications.Current transformers are used-in measuring high currents and connected with it in parallel to it
Power Transformer Differential protectionRishi Tandon
This document discusses power transformer protection. It begins by explaining that transformers are static devices that transform electrical energy between circuits without changing frequency. Power transformers are vital but expensive components that are difficult to repair if damaged. Transformer protection is needed to prevent severe damage from faults and ensure continuous network operation. Common fault types and causes are then outlined, including insulation breakdown, overheating, contamination, and phase/turn faults. The document proceeds to describe the general scheme of differential protection and specific protection functions like bias differential, overfluxing, over/under voltage, and restricted earth fault protection. It provides an example calculation for setting a transformer differential relay and diagrams demonstrating differential relay operation. Finally, it reviews models from various manufacturers and presents a case study
Analysis of protection measures on equipment of gis for very fast transient o...eSAT Journals
Abstract Gas Insulated Substations (GIS) have found a broad range of applications in power systems because of their high reliability, easy maintenance, small ground space requirements etc. In a Gas insulated substations, the operation of disconnector switches and circuit breakers can cause Very Fast Transient Overvoltages (VFTOs), which will bring an instantaneous change in voltage with a very short rise time and it is normally followed by oscillation having high frequencies. For designing the insulation level of a substation, it is essential to know the maximum value of VFTO. Fast operating disconnector switches are usually used to reduce time of the breakdown; however, it cannot eliminate fully the effect of the VFTO. Very Fast Transient Overvoltages caused by disconnector switch operation of 1000 kv GIS is simulated and calculated in this paper using MATLAB. The various protection measures on equipment of GIS have been compared and analyzed by adding ferrite rings, opening and closing of resistor, metal oxide arrester and R-C absorber. Index Terms: Gas Insulated Substation, Very Fast Transient Overvoltage’s, Matlab/Simulink, Disconnector switch.
The document discusses transformer protection principles, including:
1. Transformer protection aims to limit damage from faults by identifying abnormal operating conditions. Differential, overcurrent, temperature and other protections are used.
2. Protections detect faults, overloads and minimize disconnection time to simplify repair and reduce failure risk.
3. GE Multilin relays provide comprehensive protection including differential, restricted ground fault, overflux and thermal protections in products like the T60 and T35.
25 9-2014 design and development of micro-controller base differential protec...rajdoshi94
This document describes the design and development of a microcontroller-based differential protection system for transformers. The system uses potential and current transformers to sample voltages and currents, which are fed to a microcontroller. The microcontroller compares the primary and secondary currents to determine the differential current, which it uses to detect faults. If a fault is detected where the differential current exceeds thresholds, the microcontroller operates relays to disconnect the transformer. The system provides protection for transformers using low-cost components like the AT89S52 microcontroller.
Transformer differential protection systems are commissioned using test equipment to inject currents and voltages into the system. This verifies that the relay settings and logic are operating correctly. Examples shown include commissioning a Y-Y-Y transformer configuration with normal connections and with a phase roll on the second winding. Advanced metering, vector metering, and digital oscillography tools are used to analyze the test cases and ensure the protection system performs as designed.
Microcontroller based transformer protectioAminu Bugaje
This document provides an introduction and background to a project on designing a microcontroller-based transformer protection system. It discusses how transformers are critical components in power systems that require protection against faults like short circuits, overcurrent and overvoltage. The document then reviews previous work on transformer protection and outlines the objectives of this project, which are to design current and voltage sensing circuits, develop a microcontroller algorithm for overload, overvoltage and undervoltage protection, and test the system's performance. The chapter concludes by outlining the scope and limitations of the project, which involves both hardware and software design to develop a protection system that can monitor transformer parameters and trip circuit breakers or relays during faults.
This document summarizes various protection schemes for power transformers, including:
1. Differential protection compares currents entering and leaving the transformer to detect internal faults.
2. Buchholz relay detects incipient faults by sensing gases produced from insulation breakdown, and can indicate the fault type.
3. Restricted earth fault protection detects high-resistance winding-to-core faults not seen by differential relays.
4. Overcurrent protection trips for overloads or external faults not isolated by other schemes.
5. Overfluxing protection monitors the voltage-to-frequency ratio to prevent damage from sustained overvoltages.
The following topics are covered: components of power distribution systems, fuses, padmounted transformers, pole mounted transformers, vault installed transformers, transformer stations protection, transformer connections, thermometers, pressure relief devices, restricted ground faults, differential protection current transformers connections, overexcitation, inrush current, percentage differential relays, gas relays, characteristics of CTs.
Transformer protection using microcontroller and gsm technologyKartik Patel
This document describes a project to protect transformers from overload conditions using a microcontroller and GSM technology. It includes a block diagram and explanation of the circuit diagram. The key components are a step-down transformer, rectifier, microcontroller, current transformer, voltage transformer, and relays. The microcontroller monitors the current and voltage, and can trigger the relays to disconnect the transformer if the load exceeds safe levels, while also sending a message via GSM to alert authorities. The objectives are to prevent transformer damage from overloading and allow for load sharing to increase lifespan.
Differential protection of power transformerSaad Muftah
This thesis analyzes traditional and improved transformer differential protective relays. It proposes a technique using DC harmonic restraining combined with 2nd harmonic blocking to prevent relay tripping during transformer energization while maintaining security during faults. Simulation results show the method can distinguish between inrush and fault currents, with no unnecessary delays for faults. Testing of various parameter settings found blocking for 15-25% 2nd harmonic content over 3-20 cycles minimized misoperations without reducing security. The improved differential relay performance was validated through simulations and laboratory tests.
This document discusses transformer protection philosophy and methods. It describes various types of faults that can occur in transformers like ground faults, phase-to-phase faults, interturn faults, and core faults. It also discusses mechanical protections like Buchholz relay, sudden pressure relay, pressure relief valve, and temperature indicators. Electrical protections discussed include biased differential relay protection and harmonic restraint. The document provides details on how these protections work and their settings.
The document discusses transformer protection. It describes various failures that can occur in transformers such as winding failures, bushing failures, and tap changer failures. It provides statistics on historical transformer failures. It also discusses different types of protection for transformers including electrical protection methods like differential protection, overcurrent protection, overexcitation protection and thermal protection. Internal short circuits, system short circuits, and abnormal conditions are some of the issues addressed by transformer protection schemes.
This document discusses power system protection settings and provides information on calculating protection settings. It covers the functions of protective relays and equipment protection, the required information for setting calculations such as line parameters and fault studies, and the process of calculating, checking, and implementing protection settings. The goal is to set protections to operate dependably, securely, and selectively during faults while meeting clearance time requirements.
protection of transmission lines[distance relay protection scheme]moiz89
The document discusses various aspects of transmission line protection including classification of transmission lines, types of faults, protection schemes, requirements of distance protection, over current protection, phase comparison protection, and distance protection schemes. It also covers autoreclose philosophy, power swings, fuse failure function, and other protection functions.
MICROCONTROLLER BASED HARMONIC RESTRAINT DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION OF POWER TRA...Netram Meena
This project aims to design a microcontroller-based harmonic restraint differential relay protection system for power transformers. Normal differential relays can fail due to magnetizing inrush currents, which contain harmonics, whereas internal faults produce fundamental frequency currents. The designed system measures current signals using I-V converters and a sample-and-hold circuit. It uses discrete Fourier transforms to extract the fundamental and harmonic components for restraining the differential relay during inrush events characterized by elevated second and fifth harmonics. The system triggers an electromagnetic relay for isolation when a fault is detected.
The document discusses power quality issues in power systems. It defines various power quality issues such as voltage fluctuations, sags, swells, interruptions, harmonic distortion, and current and voltage imbalances. It states that power quality is concerned with deviations from ideal sinusoidal voltages and currents. The sources of power quality issues are described as nonlinear loads containing power electronic devices, capacitor banks, and static converters, which can cause problems like harmonic resonance.
Fault identification in transformer windingeSAT Journals
This document discusses fault identification in transformer windings during impulse testing. It presents an analysis of transformer winding current waveforms using both time-domain and frequency-domain (Fast Fourier Transform) methods to classify insulation failures. Simulation results are shown for a range of distribution transformer models with different fault types created at various locations. The proposed approach is applied to an analog model of a 12kVA single-phase transformer, with faults detected by analyzing the neutral currents under applied low voltage impulses.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
A Novel Approach of Harmonic Reduction with Transformer Connected 3-Phase Mul...IJMER
This paper proposes a multilevel inverter arrangement employing a series connected transformer to suppress 5th,7th,11th &13th order harmonics(generated by non-linear loads).In the proposed scheme sinusoidal pwm signal generation technique is used for three phase multilevel VSI in conjunction with series connected transformer .The proposed model eliminates the need of output filter inductor. With this control strategy harmonic components of output voltage and switching losses can be
minimized considerably. Simulation results verify the proposed concept and indicates that the transformer is capable of reducing the harmonics in the line
Differential Protection of Power Transformer in Substationijtsrd
Protection scheme required for the protection of power system components against abnormal conditions such as faults etc., and that essentially consists of protective relaying and circuit breaker. Protective relay senses the fault and determines the location of fault. Then, protective relay sends the tripping command to the circuit breaker. Therefore, proper care should be taken in designing and selecting an appropriate relay which is reliable, efficient and fast in operation. The voltage transformer and current transformer continuously measure the voltage and current of an electrical system and are responsible to give feedback signals to the relays to enable then to detect abnormal conditions. This paper describes differential protection for power transformer, especially the rating of purposed system is 100 MVA, 230 kV 33 kV at substation. Thida Win | Hnin Nandar Maung | Ye Min Hein "Differential Protection of Power Transformer in Substation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd27995.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/27995/differential-protection-of-power-transformer-in-substation/thida-win
Proposed PV Transformer-Less Inverter Topology Technique for Leakage Current ...IJPEDS-IAES
Importance and demand of using renewable energy is dramatically escalated globally. Hence, the use of renewable energy is going to touch in peak. This demand is varying according to the site choosing. For instance, Wind is preferable where air is following highly as well as solar recommended place is high sun ray reducing places. Especially, the renewable system is highly recommended for electrification issues where it’s possible to produce the electricity for fulfilling rural and remote areas electricity problem. The photovoltaic (PV) panel of connecting with transformer based system is popular where some limitations are occurred especially cost and weight. In contrast, in this paper is focusing these issues where the transformer-less inverter system is used. Here will discuss some transformer-based and transformer-less inverter topologies and the leakage current issue which is occurred when transformer-less inverter system is used. Moreover, here is proposed a topology for reducing the leakage current after doing switching technique in both 50% and 75% duty cycle where output voltage remains quite same.
Voltage Flicker Analysis and its Mitigation by STATCOM for Power Quality Impr...IJMTST Journal
Voltage flicker is considered as one of the most severe power quality problems (especially in loads like electrical arc furnaces) and much attention has been paid to it lately. The reason for this disturbance is mainly due to the large nonlinear loads such as electric arc furnaces. Due to the latest achievements in the semiconductors industry and consequently the emergence of the compensators based on voltage source converters, FACTS devices have been gradually noticed to be used for voltage flicker compensation. This paper covers the contrasting approaches; dealing with the voltage flicker mitigation in three stages and assessing the related results in details. Initially, the voltage flicker mitigation, using FCTCR (Fixed Capacitor Thyristor Controlled Reactor), was simulated. Secondly, the compensation for the Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) has been performed. The voltage flicker compensation by 8– pulse as well as 12 – pulse static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) has been performed. This paper deals with the voltage flicker mitigation and reduction in total harmonic distortion (THD) and compared the results in detail. The obtained results show that STATCOM is very efficient and effective for the compensation and mitigation of voltage flicker and harmonics all the simulation results have been performed on the MATLAB Software.
1) The document describes the simulation of a differential relay for transformer protection using MATLAB/Simulink. A differential relay operates by comparing the current flowing into and out of a transformer and tripping the circuit breaker if there is a difference, indicating an internal fault.
2) The simulation models a power system including a transformer protected by a differential relay. Current transformers measure the primary and secondary currents which are compared in the relay.
3) Under normal operation the currents match and the relay does not trip, but internal faults create a difference that causes the relay to send a trip signal to the circuit breakers to isolate the fault. The simulation tests the relay under different fault conditions.
Third harmonic current minimization using third harmonic blocking transformernooriasukmaningtyas
Zero sequence blocking transformers (ZSBTs) are used to suppress third harmonic currents in 3-phase systems. Three-phase systems where singlephase loading is present, there is every chance that the load is not balanced. If there is zero-sequence current due to unequal load current, then the ZSBT will impose high impedance and the supply voltage at the load end will be varied which is not desired. This paper presents Third harmonic blocking transformer (THBT) which suppresses only higher harmonic zero sequences. The constructional features using all windings in single-core and construction using three single-phase transformers explained. The paper discusses the constructional features, full details of circuit usage, design considerations, and simulation results for different supply and load conditions. A comparison of THBT with ZSBT is made with simulation results by considering four different cases
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a solid-state transformer (S2T) using a single phase matrix converter (SPMC). The S2T aims to address limitations of conventional transformers such as size, weight, environmental issues. The proposed S2T design uses two SPMCs - one operating at 1 kHz to generate high frequency current on the primary side, and the other at 50 Hz to produce low frequency voltage on the secondary side. A switching algorithm is presented to address commutation problems when using inductive loads. The S2T design and switching control are simulated in MATLAB/Simulink. Results show the S2T design can help minimize size and losses while achieving optimal efficiency compared to conventional approaches
This document discusses harmonic analysis in power systems to reduce transmission losses and save energy. It begins with an introduction to harmonics and their effects in power systems. It then reviews previous literature on harmonic mitigation techniques, focusing on multi-pulse methods. The paper proposes using a 48-pulse Statcom (Static Synchronous Compensator) in a 132kV/33kV substation to reduce harmonics on the 33kV side. Simulation results show the 48-pulse Statcom reduces voltage total harmonic distortion and is estimated to provide approximately Rs. 2 lakh in annual energy savings. In conclusion, the 48-pulse Statcom can help improve power quality by reducing harmonic effects and increase transformer capacity.
Varying the energisation condition to mitigate sympathetic inrush currentIJECEIAES
Transformers are generally easy to access and can contribute significantly to entire power system. When a transformer is turned on for the first time, it produces a magnetising inrush current which acts as a starting current. Energisation of transformer has a substantial impact on inrush current and transformer that are connected in parallel. Sympathetic inrush current is a phenomenon that appears when a transformer is switched-on in network whereas the other transformers that was earlier energised. Besides, when sympathetic inrush phenomena occur, the peak and period fluctuate significantly. In this paper, the transformers will be energised in three different ways and each condition will be explored in depth. The operation time of the transformer’s energisation whether it is energised simultaneously or at different times are tested and analysed in terms of their characteristics. It is performed using power system computer aided design (PSCAD) software, starting with a develop model of the energisation and then generate the outcomes. The results of the simulation demonstrate that energising the transformer in different ways can give different effect on the sympathetic inrush current, as well as the variables that affect it and methods for reducing it.
The use of distributed generation (DG) within distribution systems has increased for the last two decades due to worldwide increase in demand for electricity and governmental policy change from “conventional” energy to “green” energy. High levels of penetration of DG have many significant benefits but also come with many drawbacks such as voltage drop and power losses. This study presents the impact of DG at different locations in a distribution feeder in terms of the feeder voltage profile. A radial distribution system is simulated using PSCAD/EMTDC simulation software while changing the size and location of DG in the system. The obtained results are used for better understanding on the impact of DG on voltage profile in radial distribution feeder.
This document discusses transformer switching operations using vacuum circuit breakers (VCBs) and the potential for overvoltage transients. It investigates how LC filters connected at the low voltage side of a transformer in a photovoltaic power plant can affect switching operations and influence transient overvoltages. Simulation results showed that a LC filter rated at 200 μH and 25 μF could successfully mitigate overvoltage transients from transformer de-energization by reducing the rate of rise of the transient recovery voltage. The paper concludes LC filters connected at the low voltage side may be a potential solution for mitigating switching overvoltage transients.
Effect of Switching angle on Magnetizing flux and Inrush current of a Transfo...IOSR Journals
This document investigates the effect of switching angle on magnetizing flux and inrush current in transformers. It finds that increasing the switching angle decreases both the amplitude of the magnetizing flux waveform and the inrush current amplitude. The highest inrush current occurs when switching occurs at a voltage zero crossing with a switching angle of 0 degrees. Increasing the switching angle reduces the dc offset of the flux waveform and lowers the peak inrush current. Switching angle variation is thus an effective way to control transformer inrush current.
Power Quality Improvement by UPQC based on Voltage Source ConvertersIJRST Journal
In modern power system consists of wide range of electrical, electronic and power electronic equipment in commercial and industrial applications. Since most of the electronic equipment’s are nonlinear in nature these will induce harmonics in the system, which affect the sensitive loads to be fed from the system. These problems are partially solved with the help of LC passive filters. However, this kind of filter cannot solve random variation in the load current wave form and voltage wave form. Active filters can resolve this problem. However, the cost of active filters is high. They are difficult to implement in large scale. Additionally, they also present lower efficiency than shunt passive filters. One of the many solutions is the use of a combined system of shunt and active series filters like Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) which aims at achieving a low cost under highly effective control. The UPQC device combines a shunt active filter together with a series active filter in a back-to-back configuration, to simultaneously compensate the supply voltage and the load current or to mitigate any type of voltage and current fluctuations and power factor correction in a power distribution network, such that improved power quality can be made available at the point of common coupling. The control strategies are modeled using MATLAB/SIMULINK. The performance is also observed under influence of utility side disturbances such as harmonics and voltage sags. The simulation results are compared without and with UPQC for the verification of results.
ANALYSIS OF SOLID STATE TRANSFORMER WITH PERMANENT MAGNET SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOREditor IJMTER
In recent years the complexity of the grid systems has grown due to the increased
penetration of renewable energy and distributed generation sources. The increased complexity
requires new methods to quickly manage the changing sources and loads. This research focuses
on one of such technologies, called the SST. A SST uses power electronic devices to achieve
voltage conversion from one level to another. Several SST topologies have been proposed by
different research groups, without a clear idea on which is most suited for grid applications.To
ensure a proper choice of topology,a separate literature review is presented in this paper. The final
choice of topology is extremely modular. In this, conventional dc-dc converter of solid state transformer is replaced by SEPIC converter and the analysis is done using PMSG.
This document compares 1-phase cascaded and multilevel diode clamped leg inverters (MLDCLI) using pulse width modulation (PWM) control methods. It discusses that MLDCLI can significantly reduce switch count compared to cascaded H-bridge inverters as the number of voltage levels increases. The document presents performance analysis of a seven level MLDCLI based on sine and space vector PWM control techniques using MATLAB/SIMULINK simulations. Key performance parameters like waveform pattern, harmonic spectrum, fundamental value, and total harmonic distortion are analyzed.
MITIGATING ELECTRICAL DISTURBANCES WITH HYBRID DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMERijscmcj
Hybrid transformers (HT) have the advantages of the conventional transformer, the regulatory abilities of
power electronic converters, and reduce the impact of the grid. The impacts of the existing grid are
voltage sag, voltage swell, harmonic distortion, and voltage unbalanced. The power electronic converter
has a controllable advantage such as regulating the voltage and can transfer only a fraction of the power.
The aim of the paper is to augment the conventional power distribution transformer with a partially rated
power electronic module to enhance flexibility and introduce new features to the distribution transformer.
In this paper, the proposed back-to-back converter included an active front rectifier and a modular
multilevel converter (MMC) was simulated by MATLAB/Simulink software. The proposed back-to-back
converter was used at the primary side of the distribution transformer to compensate for the voltage sag
and swell issues. The simulation results were obtained under different conditions such as various supply
voltages and various loads. Hence, the proposed system has the ability to regulate the output voltage
under various conditions with ±10%.
Electrical Engineering: An International Journal (EEIJ)ijccmsjournal
Hybrid transformers (HT) have the advantages of the conventional transformer, the regulatory abilities of
power electronic converters, and reduce the impact of the grid. The impacts of the existing grid are
voltage sag, voltage swell, harmonic distortion, and voltage unbalanced. The power electronic converter
has a controllable advantage such as regulating the voltage and can transfer only a fraction of the power.
The aim of the paper is to augment the conventional power distribution transformer with a partially rated
power electronic module to enhance flexibility and introduce new features to the distribution transformer.
In this paper, the proposed back-to-back converter included an active front rectifier and a modular
multilevel converter (MMC) was simulated by MATLAB/Simulink software. The proposed back-to-back
converter was used at the primary side of the distribution transformer to compensate for the voltage sag
and swell issues. The simulation results were obtained under different conditions such as various supply
voltages and various loads. Hence, the proposed system has the ability to regulate the output voltage
under various conditions with ±10%.
Similar to Inrush current reduction in three phase power transformer by using prefluxing technique (20)
Submission Deadline: 30th September 2022
Acceptance Notification: Within Three Days’ time period
Online Publication: Within 24 Hrs. time Period
Expected Date of Dispatch of Printed Journal: 5th October 2022
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND WHITE LATER THICKNESS IN WIRE-...IAEME Publication
White layer thickness (WLT) formed and surface roughness in wire electric discharge turning (WEDT) of tungsten carbide composite has been made to model through response surface methodology (RSM). A Taguchi’s standard Design of experiments involving five input variables with three levels has been employed to establish a mathematical model between input parameters and responses. Percentage of cobalt content, spindle speed, Pulse on-time, wire feed and pulse off-time were changed during the experimental tests based on the Taguchi’s orthogonal array L27 (3^13). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the mathematical models obtained can adequately describe performance within the parameters of the factors considered. There was a good agreement between the experimental and predicted values in this study.
A STUDY ON THE REASONS FOR TRANSGENDER TO BECOME ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
The study explores the reasons for a transgender to become entrepreneurs. In this study transgender entrepreneur was taken as independent variable and reasons to become as dependent variable. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire containing a five point Likert Scale. The study examined the data of 30 transgender entrepreneurs in Salem Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State, India. Simple Random sampling technique was used. Garrett Ranking Technique (Percentile Position, Mean Scores) was used as the analysis for the present study to identify the top 13 stimulus factors for establishment of trans entrepreneurial venture. Economic advancement of a nation is governed upon the upshot of a resolute entrepreneurial doings. The conception of entrepreneurship has stretched and materialized to the socially deflated uncharted sections of transgender community. Presently transgenders have smashed their stereotypes and are making recent headlines of achievements in various fields of our Indian society. The trans-community is gradually being observed in a new light and has been trying to achieve prospective growth in entrepreneurship. The findings of the research revealed that the optimistic changes are taking place to change affirmative societal outlook of the transgender for entrepreneurial ventureship. It also laid emphasis on other transgenders to renovate their traditional living. The paper also highlights that legislators, supervisory body should endorse an impartial canons and reforms in Tamil Nadu Transgender Welfare Board Association.
BROAD UNEXPOSED SKILLS OF TRANSGENDER ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
Since ages gender difference is always a debatable theme whether caused by nature, evolution or environment. The birth of a transgender is dreadful not only for the child but also for their parents. The pain of living in the wrong physique and treated as second class victimized citizen is outrageous and fully harboured with vicious baseless negative scruples. For so long, social exclusion had perpetuated inequality and deprivation experiencing ingrained malign stigma and besieged victims of crime or violence across their life spans. They are pushed into the murky way of life with a source of eternal disgust, bereft sexual potency and perennial fear. Although they are highly visible but very little is known about them. The common public needs to comprehend the ravaged arrogance on these insensitive souls and assist in integrating them into the mainstream by offering equal opportunity, treat with humanity and respect their dignity. Entrepreneurship in the current age is endorsing the gender fairness movement. Unstable careers and economic inadequacy had inclined one of the gender variant people called Transgender to become entrepreneurs. These tiny budding entrepreneurs resulted in economic transition by means of employment, free from the clutches of stereotype jobs, raised standard of living and handful of financial empowerment. Besides all these inhibitions, they were able to witness a platform for skill set development that ignited them to enter into entrepreneurial domain. This paper epitomizes skill sets involved in trans-entrepreneurs of Thoothukudi Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State and is a groundbreaking determination to sightsee various skills incorporated and the impact on entrepreneurship.
DETERMINANTS AFFECTING THE USER'S INTENTION TO USE MOBILE BANKING APPLICATIONSIAEME Publication
The banking and financial services industries are experiencing increased technology penetration. Among them, the banking industry has made technological advancements to better serve the general populace. The economy focused on transforming the banking sector's system into a cashless, paperless, and faceless one. The researcher wants to evaluate the user's intention for utilising a mobile banking application. The study also examines the variables affecting the user's behaviour intention when selecting specific applications for financial transactions. The researcher employed a well-structured questionnaire and a descriptive study methodology to gather the respondents' primary data utilising the snowball sampling technique. The study includes variables like performance expectations, effort expectations, social impact, enabling circumstances, and perceived risk. Each of the aforementioned variables has a major impact on how users utilise mobile banking applications. The outcome will assist the service provider in comprehending the user's history with mobile banking applications.
ANALYSE THE USER PREDILECTION ON GPAY AND PHONEPE FOR DIGITAL TRANSACTIONSIAEME Publication
Technology upgradation in banking sector took the economy to view that payment mode towards online transactions using mobile applications. This system enabled connectivity between banks, Merchant and user in a convenient mode. there are various applications used for online transactions such as Google pay, Paytm, freecharge, mobikiwi, oxygen, phonepe and so on and it also includes mobile banking applications. The study aimed at evaluating the predilection of the user in adopting digital transaction. The study is descriptive in nature. The researcher used random sample techniques to collect the data. The findings reveal that mobile applications differ with the quality of service rendered by Gpay and Phonepe. The researcher suggest the Phonepe application should focus on implementing the application should be user friendly interface and Gpay on motivating the users to feel the importance of request for money and modes of payments in the application.
VOICE BASED ATM FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED USING ARDUINOIAEME Publication
The prototype of a voice-based ATM for visually impaired using Arduino is to help people who are blind. This uses RFID cards which contain users fingerprint encrypted on it and interacts with the users through voice commands. ATM operates when sensor detects the presence of one person in the cabin. After scanning the RFID card, it will ask to select the mode like –normal or blind. User can select the respective mode through voice input, if blind mode is selected the balance check or cash withdraw can be done through voice input. Normal mode procedure is same as the existing ATM.
IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG...IAEME Publication
There is increasing acceptability of emotional intelligence as a major factor in personality assessment and effective human resource management. Emotional intelligence as the ability to build capacity, empathize, co-operate, motivate and develop others cannot be divorced from both effective performance and human resource management systems. The human person is crucial in defining organizational leadership and fortunes in terms of challenges and opportunities and walking across both multinational and bilateral relationships. The growing complexity of the business world requires a great deal of self-confidence, integrity, communication, conflict and diversity management to keep the global enterprise within the paths of productivity and sustainability. Using the exploratory research design and 255 participants the result of this original study indicates strong positive correlation between emotional intelligence and effective human resource management. The paper offers suggestions on further studies between emotional intelligence and human capital development and recommends for conflict management as an integral part of effective human resource management.
VISUALISING AGING PARENTS & THEIR CLOSE CARERS LIFE JOURNEY IN AGING ECONOMYIAEME Publication
Our life journey, in general, is closely defined by the way we understand the meaning of why we coexist and deal with its challenges. As we develop the "inspiration economy", we could say that nearly all of the challenges we have faced are opportunities that help us to discover the rest of our journey. In this note paper, we explore how being faced with the opportunity of being a close carer for an aging parent with dementia brought intangible discoveries that changed our insight of the meaning of the rest of our life journey.
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PERFO...IAEME Publication
The main objective of this study is to analyze the impact of aspects of Organizational Culture on the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System (PMS) in the Health Care Organization at Thanjavur. Organizational Culture and PMS play a crucial role in present-day organizations in achieving their objectives. PMS needs employees’ cooperation to achieve its intended objectives. Employees' cooperation depends upon the organization’s culture. The present study uses exploratory research to examine the relationship between the Organization's culture and the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System. The study uses a Structured Questionnaire to collect the primary data. For this study, Thirty-six non-clinical employees were selected from twelve randomly selected Health Care organizations at Thanjavur. Thirty-two fully completed questionnaires were received.
Living in 21st century in itself reminds all of us the necessity of police and its administration. As more and more we are entering into the modern society and culture, the more we require the services of the so called ‘Khaki Worthy’ men i.e., the police personnel. Whether we talk of Indian police or the other nation’s police, they all have the same recognition as they have in India. But as already mentioned, their services and requirements are different after the like 26th November, 2008 incidents, where they without saving their own lives has sacrificed themselves without any hitch and without caring about their respective family members and wards. In other words, they are like our heroes and mentors who can guide us from the darkness of fear, militancy, corruption and other dark sides of life and so on. Now the question arises, if Gandhi would have been alive today, what would have been his reaction/opinion to the police and its functioning? Would he have some thing different in his mind now what he had been in his mind before the partition or would he be going to start some Satyagraha in the form of some improvement in the functioning of the police administration? Really these questions or rather night mares can come to any one’s mind, when there is too much confusion is prevailing in our minds, when there is too much corruption in the society and when the polices working is also in the questioning because of one or the other case throughout the India. It is matter of great concern that we have to thing over our administration and our practical approach because the police personals are also like us, they are part and parcel of our society and among one of us, so why we all are pin pointing towards them.
A STUDY ON TALENT MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN SELECTED...IAEME Publication
The goal of this study was to see how talent management affected employee retention in the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The fundamental issue was the difficulty to attract, hire, and retain talented personnel who perform well and the gap between supply and demand of talent acquisition and retaining them within the firms. The study's main goals were to determine the impact of talent management on employee retention in IT companies in Chennai, investigate talent management strategies that IT companies could use to improve talent acquisition, performance management, career planning and formulate retention strategies that the IT firms could use. The respondents were given a structured close-ended questionnaire with the 5 Point Likert Scale as part of the study's quantitative research design. The target population consisted of 289 IT professionals. The questionnaires were distributed and collected by the researcher directly. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to collect and analyse the questionnaire responses. Hypotheses that were formulated for the various areas of the study were tested using a variety of statistical tests. The key findings of the study suggested that talent management had an impact on employee retention. The studies also found that there is a clear link between the implementation of talent management and retention measures. Management should provide enough training and development for employees, clarify job responsibilities, provide adequate remuneration packages, and recognise employees for exceptional performance.
ATTRITION IN THE IT INDUSTRY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: LINKING EMOTIONAL INTE...IAEME Publication
Globally, Millions of dollars were spent by the organizations for employing skilled Information Technology (IT) professionals. It is costly to replace unskilled employees with IT professionals possessing technical skills and competencies that aid in interconnecting the business processes. The organization’s employment tactics were forced to alter by globalization along with technological innovations as they consistently diminish to remain lean, outsource to concentrate on core competencies along with restructuring/reallocate personnel to gather efficiency. As other jobs, organizations or professions have become reasonably more appropriate in a shifting employment landscape, the above alterations trigger both involuntary as well as voluntary turnover. The employee view on jobs is also afflicted by the COVID-19 pandemic along with the employee-driven labour market. So, having effective strategies is necessary to tackle the withdrawal rate of employees. By associating Emotional Intelligence (EI) along with Talent Management (TM) in the IT industry, the rise in attrition rate was analyzed in this study. Only 303 respondents were collected out of 350 participants to whom questionnaires were distributed. From the employees of IT organizations located in Bangalore (India), the data were congregated. A simple random sampling methodology was employed to congregate data as of the respondents. Generating the hypothesis along with testing is eventuated. The effect of EI and TM along with regression analysis between TM and EI was analyzed. The outcomes indicated that employee and Organizational Performance (OP) were elevated by effective EI along with TM.
INFLUENCE OF TALENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE A STUD...IAEME Publication
By implementing talent management strategy, organizations would have the option to retain their skilled professionals while additionally working on their overall performance. It is the course of appropriately utilizing the ideal individuals, setting them up for future top positions, exploring and dealing with their performance, and holding them back from leaving the organization. It is employee performance that determines the success of every organization. The firm quickly obtains an upper hand over its rivals in the event that its employees having particular skills that cannot be duplicated by the competitors. Thus, firms are centred on creating successful talent management practices and processes to deal with the unique human resources. Firms are additionally endeavouring to keep their top/key staff since on the off chance that they leave; the whole store of information leaves the firm's hands. The study's objective was to determine the impact of talent management on organizational performance among the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The study recommends that talent management limitedly affects performance. On the off chance that this talent is appropriately management and implemented properly, organizations might benefit as much as possible from their maintained assets to support development and productivity, both monetarily and non-monetarily.
A STUDY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF LOANS OF SELECTED PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS...IAEME Publication
Banking regulations act of India, 1949 defines banking as “acceptance of deposits for the purpose of lending or investment from the public, repayment on demand or otherwise and withdrawable through cheques, drafts order or otherwise”, the major participants of the Indian financial system are commercial banks, the financial institution encompassing term lending institutions. Investments institutions, specialized financial institution and the state level development banks, non banking financial companies (NBFC) and other market intermediaries such has the stock brokers and money lenders are among the oldest of the certain variants of NBFC and the oldest market participants. The asset quality of banks is one of the most important indicators of their financial health. The Indian banking sector has been facing severe problems of increasing Non- Performing Assets (NPAs). The NPAs growth directly and indirectly affects the quality of assets and profitability of banks. It also shows the efficiency of banks credit risk management and the recovery effectiveness. NPA do not generate any income, whereas, the bank is required to make provisions for such as assets that why is a double edge weapon. This paper outlines the concept of quality of bank loans of different types like Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of selected public and private sector banks. This study is highlighting problems associated with the role of commercial bank in financing Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SME). The overall objective of the research was to assess the effect of the financing provisions existing for the setting up and operations of MSMEs in the country and to generate recommendations for more robust financing mechanisms for successful operation of the MSMEs, in turn understanding the impact of MSME loans on financial institutions due to NPA. There are many research conducted on the topic of Non- Performing Assets (NPA) Management, concerning particular bank, comparative study of public and private banks etc. In this paper the researcher is considering the aggregate data of selected public sector and private sector banks and attempts to compare the NPA of Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of public and private sector banks. The tools used in the study are average and Anova test and variance. The findings reveal that NPA is common problem for both public and private sector banks and is associated with all types of loans either that is housing loans, agriculture loans and loans to SMES. NPAs of both public and private sector banks show the increasing trend. In 2010-11 GNPA of public and private sector were at same level it was 2% but after 2010-11 it increased in many fold and at present there is GNPA in some more than 15%. It shows the dark area of Indian banking sector.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL RELATION OF NYLON/BaSO4 POL...IAEME Publication
An experiment conducted in this study found that BaSO4 changed Nylon 6's mechanical properties. By changing the weight ratios, BaSO4 was used to make Nylon 6. This Researcher looked into how hard Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites are and how well they wear. Experiments were done based on Taguchi design L9. Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites can be tested for their hardness number using a Rockwell hardness testing apparatus. On Nylon/BaSO4, the wear behavior was measured by a wear monitor, pinon-disc friction by varying reinforcement, sliding speed, and sliding distance, and the microstructure of the crack surfaces was observed by SEM. This study provides significant contributions to ultimate strength by increasing BaSO4 content up to 16% in the composites, and sliding speed contributes 72.45% to the wear rate
ROLE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA - PROBLEMS AND ...IAEME Publication
The majority of the population in India lives in villages. The village is the back bone of the country. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Developing the rural economy is one of the key indicators towards a country’s success. Whether it be the need to look after the welfare of the farmers or invest in rural infrastructure, Governments have to ensure that rural development isn’t compromised. The economic development of our country largely depends on the progress of rural areas and the standard of living of rural masses. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Rural entrepreneurship is based on stimulating local entrepreneurial talent and the subsequent growth of indigenous enterprises. It recognizes opportunity in the rural areas and accelerates a unique blend of resources either inside or outside of agriculture. Rural entrepreneurship brings an economic value to the rural sector by creating new methods of production, new markets, new products and generate employment opportunities thereby ensuring continuous rural development. Social Entrepreneurship has the direct and primary objective of serving the society along with the earning profits. So, social entrepreneurship is different from the economic entrepreneurship as its basic objective is not to earn profits but for providing innovative solutions to meet the society needs which are not taken care by majority of the entrepreneurs as they are in the business for profit making as a sole objective. So, the Social Entrepreneurs have the huge growth potential particularly in the developing countries like India where we have huge societal disparities in terms of the financial positions of the population. Still 22 percent of the Indian population is below the poverty line and also there is disparity among the rural & urban population in terms of families living under BPL. 25.7 percent of the rural population & 13.7 percent of the urban population is under BPL which clearly shows the disparity of the poor people in the rural and urban areas. The need to develop social entrepreneurship in agriculture is dictated by a large number of social problems. Such problems include low living standards, unemployment, and social tension. The reasons that led to the emergence of the practice of social entrepreneurship are the above factors. The research problem lays upon disclosing the importance of role of social entrepreneurship in rural development of India. The paper the tendencies of social entrepreneurship in India, to present successful examples of such business for providing recommendations how to improve situation in rural areas in terms of social entrepreneurship development. Indian government has made some steps towards development of social enterprises, social entrepreneurship, and social in- novation, but a lot remains to be improved.
OPTIMAL RECONFIGURATION OF POWER DISTRIBUTION RADIAL NETWORK USING HYBRID MET...IAEME Publication
Distribution system is a critical link between the electric power distributor and the consumers. Most of the distribution networks commonly used by the electric utility is the radial distribution network. However in this type of network, it has technical issues such as enormous power losses which affect the quality of the supply. Nowadays, the introduction of Distributed Generation (DG) units in the system help improve and support the voltage profile of the network as well as the performance of the system components through power loss mitigation. In this study network reconfiguration was done using two meta-heuristic algorithms Particle Swarm Optimization and Gravitational Search Algorithm (PSO-GSA) to enhance power quality and voltage profile in the system when simultaneously applied with the DG units. Backward/Forward Sweep Method was used in the load flow analysis and simulated using the MATLAB program. Five cases were considered in the Reconfiguration based on the contribution of DG units. The proposed method was tested using IEEE 33 bus system. Based on the results, there was a voltage profile improvement in the system from 0.9038 p.u. to 0.9594 p.u.. The integration of DG in the network also reduced power losses from 210.98 kW to 69.3963 kW. Simulated results are drawn to show the performance of each case.
APPLICATION OF FRUGAL APPROACH FOR PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT - A CASE STUDY OF...IAEME Publication
Manufacturing industries have witnessed an outburst in productivity. For productivity improvement manufacturing industries are taking various initiatives by using lean tools and techniques. However, in different manufacturing industries, frugal approach is applied in product design and services as a tool for improvement. Frugal approach contributed to prove less is more and seems indirectly contributing to improve productivity. Hence, there is need to understand status of frugal approach application in manufacturing industries. All manufacturing industries are trying hard and putting continuous efforts for competitive existence. For productivity improvements, manufacturing industries are coming up with different effective and efficient solutions in manufacturing processes and operations. To overcome current challenges, manufacturing industries have started using frugal approach in product design and services. For this study, methodology adopted with both primary and secondary sources of data. For primary source interview and observation technique is used and for secondary source review has done based on available literatures in website, printed magazines, manual etc. An attempt has made for understanding application of frugal approach with the study of manufacturing industry project. Manufacturing industry selected for this project study is Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd. This paper will help researcher to find the connections between the two concepts productivity improvement and frugal approach. This paper will help to understand significance of frugal approach for productivity improvement in manufacturing industry. This will also help to understand current scenario of frugal approach in manufacturing industry. In manufacturing industries various process are involved to deliver the final product. In the process of converting input in to output through manufacturing process productivity plays very critical role. Hence this study will help to evolve status of frugal approach in productivity improvement programme. The notion of frugal can be viewed as an approach towards productivity improvement in manufacturing industries.
A MULTIPLE – CHANNEL QUEUING MODELS ON FUZZY ENVIRONMENTIAEME Publication
In this paper, we investigated a queuing model of fuzzy environment-based a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) and study its performance under realistic conditions. It applies a nonagonal fuzzy number to analyse the relevant performance of a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS). Based on the sub interval average ranking method for nonagonal fuzzy number, we convert fuzzy number to crisp one. Numerical results reveal that the efficiency of this method. Intuitively, the fuzzy environment adapts well to a multiple channel queuing models (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) are very well.
20 Comprehensive Checklist of Designing and Developing a WebsitePixlogix Infotech
Dive into the world of Website Designing and Developing with Pixlogix! Looking to create a stunning online presence? Look no further! Our comprehensive checklist covers everything you need to know to craft a website that stands out. From user-friendly design to seamless functionality, we've got you covered. Don't miss out on this invaluable resource! Check out our checklist now at Pixlogix and start your journey towards a captivating online presence today.
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing DaysKari Kakkonen
My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
Climate impact / sustainability of software testing discussed on the talk. ICT and testing must carry their part of global responsibility to help with the climat warming. We can minimize the carbon footprint but we can also have a carbon handprint, a positive impact on the climate. Quality characteristics can be added with sustainability, and then measured continuously. Test environments can be used less, and in smaller scale and on demand. Test techniques can be used in optimizing or minimizing number of tests. Test automation can be used to speed up testing.
Enchancing adoption of Open Source Libraries. A case study on Albumentations.AIVladimir Iglovikov, Ph.D.
Presented by Vladimir Iglovikov:
- https://www.linkedin.com/in/iglovikov/
- https://x.com/viglovikov
- https://www.instagram.com/ternaus/
This presentation delves into the journey of Albumentations.ai, a highly successful open-source library for data augmentation.
Created out of a necessity for superior performance in Kaggle competitions, Albumentations has grown to become a widely used tool among data scientists and machine learning practitioners.
This case study covers various aspects, including:
People: The contributors and community that have supported Albumentations.
Metrics: The success indicators such as downloads, daily active users, GitHub stars, and financial contributions.
Challenges: The hurdles in monetizing open-source projects and measuring user engagement.
Development Practices: Best practices for creating, maintaining, and scaling open-source libraries, including code hygiene, CI/CD, and fast iteration.
Community Building: Strategies for making adoption easy, iterating quickly, and fostering a vibrant, engaged community.
Marketing: Both online and offline marketing tactics, focusing on real, impactful interactions and collaborations.
Mental Health: Maintaining balance and not feeling pressured by user demands.
Key insights include the importance of automation, making the adoption process seamless, and leveraging offline interactions for marketing. The presentation also emphasizes the need for continuous small improvements and building a friendly, inclusive community that contributes to the project's growth.
Vladimir Iglovikov brings his extensive experience as a Kaggle Grandmaster, ex-Staff ML Engineer at Lyft, sharing valuable lessons and practical advice for anyone looking to enhance the adoption of their open-source projects.
Explore more about Albumentations and join the community at:
GitHub: https://github.com/albumentations-team/albumentations
Website: https://albumentations.ai/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/100504475
Twitter: https://x.com/albumentations
Cosa hanno in comune un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ?Speck&Tech
ABSTRACT: A prima vista, un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ potrebbero avere in comune il fatto di essere entrambi blocchi di costruzione, o dipendenze di progetti creativi e software. La realtà è che un mattoncino Lego e il caso della backdoor XZ hanno molto di più di tutto ciò in comune.
Partecipate alla presentazione per immergervi in una storia di interoperabilità, standard e formati aperti, per poi discutere del ruolo importante che i contributori hanno in una comunità open source sostenibile.
BIO: Sostenitrice del software libero e dei formati standard e aperti. È stata un membro attivo dei progetti Fedora e openSUSE e ha co-fondato l'Associazione LibreItalia dove è stata coinvolta in diversi eventi, migrazioni e formazione relativi a LibreOffice. In precedenza ha lavorato a migrazioni e corsi di formazione su LibreOffice per diverse amministrazioni pubbliche e privati. Da gennaio 2020 lavora in SUSE come Software Release Engineer per Uyuni e SUSE Manager e quando non segue la sua passione per i computer e per Geeko coltiva la sua curiosità per l'astronomia (da cui deriva il suo nickname deneb_alpha).
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 5. In this session, we will cover CI/CD with devops.
Topics covered:
CI/CD with in UiPath
End-to-end overview of CI/CD pipeline with Azure devops
Speaker:
Lyndsey Byblow, Test Suite Sales Engineer @ UiPath, Inc.
Unlocking Productivity: Leveraging the Potential of Copilot in Microsoft 365, a presentation by Christoforos Vlachos, Senior Solutions Manager – Modern Workplace, Uni Systems
Building RAG with self-deployed Milvus vector database and Snowpark Container...Zilliz
This talk will give hands-on advice on building RAG applications with an open-source Milvus database deployed as a docker container. We will also introduce the integration of Milvus with Snowpark Container Services.
Alt. GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using ...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
Communications Mining Series - Zero to Hero - Session 1DianaGray10
This session provides introduction to UiPath Communication Mining, importance and platform overview. You will acquire a good understand of the phases in Communication Mining as we go over the platform with you. Topics covered:
• Communication Mining Overview
• Why is it important?
• How can it help today’s business and the benefits
• Phases in Communication Mining
• Demo on Platform overview
• Q/A
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software FuzzingAftab Hussain
Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
Maruthi Prithivirajan, Head of ASEAN & IN Solution Architecture, Neo4j
Get an inside look at the latest Neo4j innovations that enable relationship-driven intelligence at scale. Learn more about the newest cloud integrations and product enhancements that make Neo4j an essential choice for developers building apps with interconnected data and generative AI.
Introducing Milvus Lite: Easy-to-Install, Easy-to-Use vector database for you...Zilliz
Join us to introduce Milvus Lite, a vector database that can run on notebooks and laptops, share the same API with Milvus, and integrate with every popular GenAI framework. This webinar is perfect for developers seeking easy-to-use, well-integrated vector databases for their GenAI apps.