Infrared spectroscopy can be used to identify organic compounds by analyzing their infrared absorption spectra. IR spectroscopy measures the vibrational frequencies of bonds in a molecule. Each type of bond absorbs infrared radiation at characteristic frequencies that appear as peaks in the IR spectrum. The presence or absence of peaks corresponding to common functional groups like C=O, O-H, N-H, etc. allows the identification of bonds and functional groups in an unknown sample.
An approach for designing organic synthesis which involves breaking down of target molecule into available starting material by imaginary breaking of bonds (disconnection) and/or by functional group interconversion is known as disconnection approach or retrosynthesis or synthesis backward.
The C-X disconnection approach is mainly applicable to a carbon chain attached to any of the heteroatoms like O, N, or S. Here, a bond joins the heteroatom (X) to the rest of the molecule like a C-O, C-N, or C-S group. This point is good point to initiate a disconnection. This is called a ‘One-group’ C-X disconnection as one would need to identify only one functional group like ester, ether, amide etc. to make the disconnection.
How to choose a disconnection?
These are the few general strategy which are important points introduced which apply to the whole of synthetic design rather than one particular area. The main choice is between the various disconnection, even such a simple disconnection as the following alcohol can be disconnected.
We want to get back to simple starting materials and we shall do if we disconnect the bond which are:
Towards the middle of the molecule thereby breaking into two reasonably equal halves rather than chopping off one or two carbon atoms from the end and,
At a branch as this is more likely to give straight chain fragments and these are more likely to be available.
Disconnections very often take place immediately adjacent to, or very close to functional groups in the target molecule. This is pretty much inevitable, given that functionality almost invariably arises from the forward reaction.
A simple example is the weedkiller propanil used on rice fields. Amide disconnection gives amine obviously made from o-dichlorobenzene by nitration and reduction. All positions around the ring in o-dichlorobenzene are about the same electronically but steric hindrance will lead to dichloronitrobenzene being the major product
This compound was needed for some research into the mechanisms of rearrangements. We can disconnect on either side of the ether oxygen atom, but (b) is much better because (a) does not correspond to a reliable reaction: it might be hard to control selective alkylation of the primary hydroxyl group in the presence of the secondary one.
The disconnections we have made so far have all been of C–O, C–N, or C–S bonds, but, of course, the most important reactions in organic synthesis are those that form C–C bonds. We can analyze C–C disconnections in much the same way as we’ve analyzed C–X disconnections.
The Zeneca drug propranolol is a beta-blocker that reduces blood pressure and is one of the top drugs worldwide. It has two 1,2-relationships in its structure but it is best to disconnect the more reactive amine group first.
Arildone is a drug that prevents polio and herpes simplex viruses from ‘unwrapping’ their DNA, and renders them harmless.
Protecting group (PG) is a small molecule, to mask temporarily the a specific functional group of a molecule from undergoing reaction, allowing the rest of the functional groups present in the molecule to react without affecting the original reactivity and leave from the host molecule without affecting the rest of the functional groups.
The addition of protecting groups to functional groups is termed ‘protection’ and removal of protecting group is ‘deprotection’.
An approach for designing organic synthesis which involves breaking down of target molecule into available starting material by imaginary breaking of bonds (disconnection) and/or by functional group interconversion is known as disconnection approach or retrosynthesis or synthesis backward.
The C-X disconnection approach is mainly applicable to a carbon chain attached to any of the heteroatoms like O, N, or S. Here, a bond joins the heteroatom (X) to the rest of the molecule like a C-O, C-N, or C-S group. This point is good point to initiate a disconnection. This is called a ‘One-group’ C-X disconnection as one would need to identify only one functional group like ester, ether, amide etc. to make the disconnection.
How to choose a disconnection?
These are the few general strategy which are important points introduced which apply to the whole of synthetic design rather than one particular area. The main choice is between the various disconnection, even such a simple disconnection as the following alcohol can be disconnected.
We want to get back to simple starting materials and we shall do if we disconnect the bond which are:
Towards the middle of the molecule thereby breaking into two reasonably equal halves rather than chopping off one or two carbon atoms from the end and,
At a branch as this is more likely to give straight chain fragments and these are more likely to be available.
Disconnections very often take place immediately adjacent to, or very close to functional groups in the target molecule. This is pretty much inevitable, given that functionality almost invariably arises from the forward reaction.
A simple example is the weedkiller propanil used on rice fields. Amide disconnection gives amine obviously made from o-dichlorobenzene by nitration and reduction. All positions around the ring in o-dichlorobenzene are about the same electronically but steric hindrance will lead to dichloronitrobenzene being the major product
This compound was needed for some research into the mechanisms of rearrangements. We can disconnect on either side of the ether oxygen atom, but (b) is much better because (a) does not correspond to a reliable reaction: it might be hard to control selective alkylation of the primary hydroxyl group in the presence of the secondary one.
The disconnections we have made so far have all been of C–O, C–N, or C–S bonds, but, of course, the most important reactions in organic synthesis are those that form C–C bonds. We can analyze C–C disconnections in much the same way as we’ve analyzed C–X disconnections.
The Zeneca drug propranolol is a beta-blocker that reduces blood pressure and is one of the top drugs worldwide. It has two 1,2-relationships in its structure but it is best to disconnect the more reactive amine group first.
Arildone is a drug that prevents polio and herpes simplex viruses from ‘unwrapping’ their DNA, and renders them harmless.
Protecting group (PG) is a small molecule, to mask temporarily the a specific functional group of a molecule from undergoing reaction, allowing the rest of the functional groups present in the molecule to react without affecting the original reactivity and leave from the host molecule without affecting the rest of the functional groups.
The addition of protecting groups to functional groups is termed ‘protection’ and removal of protecting group is ‘deprotection’.
Retrosynthetic analysis, definition, importance, disconnection approach, one group two group disconnection logical and illogical disconnection approach compounds containing two nitrogen atom retrosynthetic analysis of camphor, cartisone, reserpine
Introduction, classification, isolation, purification, biological activity of alkaloids, general methods of structural determination of alkaloids, structural elucidation of Morphine, Reserpine and Emetine
more chemistry contents are available
1. pdf file on Termmate: https://www.termmate.com/rabia.aziz
2. YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKxWnNdskGHnZFS0h1QRTEA
3. Facebook: https://web.facebook.com/Chemist.Rabia.Aziz/
4. Blogger: https://chemistry-academy.blogspot.com/
Organic Synthesis:
The Disconnection Approach
One Group C-C Disconnection of Alcohol and Alkene
Rearrangement to Electron Deficient Carbon
Rearrangement to Electron Deficient Nitrogen
Rearrangement to Electron Deficient Oxygen
Rearrangement to Electron-Rich Carbon
Aromatic Rearrangements
Coupling vibration in IR(Infra Red) spectroscopy and their significance.D.R. Chandravanshi
Introduction, Coupling vibration, Requirements for effective coupling, References.
coupling occurs in IR by stretching and bending vibration, symmetrical and asymmetrical stretching vibration.
THE PERICYCLIC REACTION THE MOST COMMON TOPIC INCLUDE THE SYLLABUS OF MANY SCIENCE STUDY INCLUDING BSC, MSC , PHARMA STUDY, AND MORE HENCE WE ARE COVERED ALL THE DATA OF IT HOPE THIS WILL MAKE READER EASY.
Olefin metathesis is a powerful reaction catalyzed by transition metals, in which two olefins can form a ring or rearrange their connectivity, or a double bond in a ring can be opened. These types of metathesis are called ring closing metathesis, cross metathesis or ring opening polymerization, respectively.
Created by Elizabeth Billings
Edited by Margaret Hilton
Honors Organic Chemistry
Chem 2321 (Sigman), 2013, University of Utah
Retrosynthetic analysis, definition, importance, disconnection approach, one group two group disconnection logical and illogical disconnection approach compounds containing two nitrogen atom retrosynthetic analysis of camphor, cartisone, reserpine
Introduction, classification, isolation, purification, biological activity of alkaloids, general methods of structural determination of alkaloids, structural elucidation of Morphine, Reserpine and Emetine
more chemistry contents are available
1. pdf file on Termmate: https://www.termmate.com/rabia.aziz
2. YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKxWnNdskGHnZFS0h1QRTEA
3. Facebook: https://web.facebook.com/Chemist.Rabia.Aziz/
4. Blogger: https://chemistry-academy.blogspot.com/
Organic Synthesis:
The Disconnection Approach
One Group C-C Disconnection of Alcohol and Alkene
Rearrangement to Electron Deficient Carbon
Rearrangement to Electron Deficient Nitrogen
Rearrangement to Electron Deficient Oxygen
Rearrangement to Electron-Rich Carbon
Aromatic Rearrangements
Coupling vibration in IR(Infra Red) spectroscopy and their significance.D.R. Chandravanshi
Introduction, Coupling vibration, Requirements for effective coupling, References.
coupling occurs in IR by stretching and bending vibration, symmetrical and asymmetrical stretching vibration.
THE PERICYCLIC REACTION THE MOST COMMON TOPIC INCLUDE THE SYLLABUS OF MANY SCIENCE STUDY INCLUDING BSC, MSC , PHARMA STUDY, AND MORE HENCE WE ARE COVERED ALL THE DATA OF IT HOPE THIS WILL MAKE READER EASY.
Olefin metathesis is a powerful reaction catalyzed by transition metals, in which two olefins can form a ring or rearrange their connectivity, or a double bond in a ring can be opened. These types of metathesis are called ring closing metathesis, cross metathesis or ring opening polymerization, respectively.
Created by Elizabeth Billings
Edited by Margaret Hilton
Honors Organic Chemistry
Chem 2321 (Sigman), 2013, University of Utah
Applications of IR (Infrared) Spectroscopy in Pharmaceutical Industrywonderingsoul114
Various applications of IR (Infrared) Spectroscopy in Pharmaceutical industries related to drug discovery and structural elucidation is outlined in this presentation. Various qualitative and quantitative analysis of drug products are also outlined.
Tutorial in calculation of IR & NMR spectra (i.e. measuring nuclear vibrations and spins) using the GAUSSIAN03 computational chemistry package.
Following an introduction to spectroscopy in general, each of the two measurement types is presented in sequence. For each one, we review the theory before presenting the calculation scheme. We then present the relative strengths and limitations (with respect to other measurements), and then compare the calculation method with experimentation. We close each of the two subjects with an advanced topic: Raman IR spectroscopy (and depolarization ratio), and indirect dipole coupling (a.k.a. spin-spin coupling). I've also made the last part available as a standalone presentation: http://www.slideshare.net/InonSharony/nmr-spinspin-splitting-using-gaussian03.
A breif on how to analyse ir spectra, basic and depth,
an use full data for msc, bsc, and people in reasearch field, an usefull information for net exam,
An IR spectrum is a plot of percent transmittance (or absorbance) against wavenumber (frequency or wavelength). The interpretation of IR Spectra helps in the characterization of the unknown organic compound.
Infrared Spectroscopy and UV-Visible spectroscopyPreeti Choudhary
Instrumentation of Infrared Spectroscopy and UV-Vis spectroscopy
Discuss the fundamentals and concepts behind Infrared and UV-Vis spectroscopy.
I hope this presentation helpful for you.
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Infrared spectroscopy deals with the infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum, that is light with a longer wavelength and lower frequency than visible light. Infrared Spectroscopy is an analysis of infrared light interacting with a molecule.
The IR spectroscopy can be analyzed in three ways: by measuring absorption, emission, and reflection. The major use of this technique is in organic and inorganic chemistry to determine functional groups of molecules. A basic IR spectrum is essentially a graph of infrared light absorbed on the vertical axis vs. frequency or wavelength on the horizontal axis.
Complete notes on crystal defects provided to you by JFC (A place where you feel the chemistry). For all boards, competition like NET(JRF), GATE, NEET, IIT (JEE) ....
notes on the basicity of heterocyclic compounds...
heterocyclic compounds for graduates, comparison of the relative basicity of pyridine, piperidine and pyrrole...
here is a project report on the analysis of alcoholic beverages done by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer FAAS. the report analysis was submitted by (Saurav K. Rawat) Rawat DA Geatt...
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
2. IR Spectroscopy
Used to identify organic compounds
IR spectroscopy provides a 100%
identification if the spectrum is matched.
If not, IR at least provides information
about the types of bonds present.
Easy to use
liquids analyzed between salt plates
solids in a KBr pellet
small amounts of unknowns via an FTIR
microscope
analysis time typically < 10 minutes
Inexpensive
FTIR spectrophotometers are found in most
labs.
3. IR Spectroscopy
IR is used to measure the vibrational
frequencies of bonds in the molecule.
Bonds are not rigid. A bond can be viewed
as a spring with a weight at each end.
Each bond has a characteristic frequency.
The IR scans a range of frequencies (in the
infrared part of the electromagnetic
spectrum). Any frequency which matches
the characteristic frequency of a bond will
be absorbed.
4. IR Spectrophotometers
In the old days, the frequencies
were stepped through, one at a
time, and the absorption
measured.
This means of data collection was very
slow.
Laser technology and computers
have made available a much
faster means of data collection.
5. FTIR Spectrophotometers
Fourier Transform Infrared
Spectrophotometer
Uses an interferometer and polychromatic
light (all frequencies used at one time,
instead of one at a time) to generate an
interferogram.
The interferogram is then mathematically
decoded by a Fourier transformation.
interferogram
intensity vs time
after the Fourier transformation
intensity vs frequency…an IR spectrum
6. FTIR Spectrophotometers
http://www.chemistry.oregonstate.edu/ FTIR spectrophotometers collect
data very quickly and, of course,
the spectra can be stored and
reviewed electronically.
7. An IR Spectrum
A plot of % transmittance vs
vibrational frequency in
wavenumbers (cm-1)
u
c
c = lu 1 =
l
1 10000
m
( )
wavenumber
u = = =
l l m
u
λ = wavelength
υ = frequency
c = speed of light in a vacuum
8. Wavenumbers
The higher the wavenumber, the
shorter the wavelength.
1 10000
m
( )
wavenumber
u = = =
l l m
9. An IR Spectrum
from
http://www.cem.msu.edu/~reusch/VirtualText/Spectrpy/InfraRed/infrare
d.htm
10. An IR Spectrum
The wavelength of IR radiation is
in the 2.5-25 micron range
(compare to visible light in the
400-700 nm range).
The frequencies of IR radiation
are more conveniently expressed
by a wavenumber u
(cycles per
cm), than by υ (cycles per 3 x
1010 cm).
11. Characteristic Vibrational
Frequencies of Bonds
Bonds are not rigid but behave
like a spring with a mass at either
end.
Obey Hooke’s Law: F = -kx
This gives rise to a characteristic
frequency for the vibration:
k
reduced mass
1
p
2 _
u =
reduced mass m m
_ 1 2
m +
m
1 2
=
12. Characteristic Vibrational
Frequencies of Bonds
Characteristic frequency for the
vibration:
k
reduced mass
1
p
2 _
u =
The frequency is affected by
the masses of the atoms in the bond
the strength of the bond
13. Characteristic Vibrational
Frequencies of Bonds
The lower the mass, the higher
the vibrational frequency.
Stretching frequencies for bonds to
carbon: C-H > C-C > C-N > C-O
k
reduced mass
1
p
2 _
u =
14. Characteristic Vibrational
Frequencies of Bonds
The stronger the bond, the higher
the vibrational frequency.
Stretching frequencies
C≡C > C=C > C-C
C≡N > C=N > C-N
C≡O > C=O > C-O
C(sp)-H > C(sp2)-H > C(sp3)-H
k
reduced mass
1
p
2 _
u =
15. Number of Vibrational
Frequencies in a Molecule
There are 3n-6 possible
vibrational modes in a nonlinear
molecule with no symmetry
Symmetry reduces the number of
possible vibrational modes.
Water has 3 possible vibrational
modes.
Formaldehyde has 6.
16. The Fingerprint Region is
Unique to the Molecule
In addition, the vibration of a
particular bond in a molecule
affects the whole molecule.
The various harmonics of a bond
vibration can combine and lead to a
number of combinational bands.
The intensity of these bands is usually
1/100 the intensity of the main
vibrational absorptions.
These make up the “fingerprint
region.” (occur at <1250 cm-1)
17. Intensity of IR Absorptions
In order for a vibration mode to absorb
in the infrared, the vibrational motion
must cause a change in the dipole
moment of the bond.
The intensity of the IR “peaks” is
proportional to the change in dipole
moment that a bond undergoes during
a vibration.
C=O bonds absorb strongly.
C=C bonds generally absorb much less.
18. How to Analyze an IR Spectrum
Pay the most attention to the
strongest absorptions:
-C=O
-OH
-NH2
-C≡N
-NO2
Pay more attention to the peaks to the
left of the fingerprint region (>1250
cm-1).
19. How to Analyze an IR Spectrum
Pay the most attention to the
strongest absorptions.
Pay more attention to the peaks
to the left of the fingerprint
region (>1250 cm-1).
Note the absence of certain
peaks.
Be wary of O-H peaks, water is a
common contaminant.
20. Characteristic IR Wavenumbers
Functional group wavenumber (cm-1)
sp3 C-H str ~2800-3000
sp2 C-H str ~3000-3100
sp C-H str ~3300
O-H str ~3300 (broad*)
O-H str in COOH ~3000 (broad*)
N-H str ~3300 (broad*)
aldehyde C-H str ~2700, ~2800
*The peak is broad when H bonding is extensive.
Otherwise, the peak can be sharp.
21. Characteristic IR Wavenumbers
Functional group wavenumber (cm-1)
C=C isolated ~1640-1680
C=C conjugated ~1620-1640
C=C aromatic ~1600
C≡N just above 2200
C≡C just below 2200
C=O ester ~1730-1740
C=O aldehyde, ketone,
or acid
~1710 (aldehyde can
run 1725)
C=O amide ~1640-1680
22. How to Analyze an IR Spectrum
Look for what’s there and what’s not there.
C-H absorption
The wavenumber will tell you sp3(C-C),
sp2(C=C), sp (C≡C) and perhaps aldehyde.
Carbonyl (C=O) absorption
Its presence means the compound is an
aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid, ester,
amide, anhydride or acyl halide.
Its absence means the compound cannot be
any of the carbonyl-containing compounds.
23. How to Analyze an IR Spectrum
O-H or N-H absorption
This indicates either an alcohol, N-H
containing amine or amide, or carboxylic
acid.
C≡C and C≡N absorptions
Be careful: internal triple bonds often do
not show up in IR spectra.
C=C absorption
Can indicate whether compound is
alkene or aromatic.
24. How to Analyze an IR Spectrum
N-O of NO2 absorption
This is a distinctive, strong doublet that
it pays to know (1515-1560 & 1345-
1385 cm-1).
Read the scale for the value of
the wavenumbers (be able to
interpolate), or
Read the wavenumbers in the
table provided.
25. IR Spectra - Examples
no C=O str
no C=C str
sp3 C-H str
no O-H
str
no N-H
str
no sp
or sp2
C-H str
C-H bend
This is an alkane.
SDBSWeb : http://riodb01.ibase.aist.go.jp/sdbs/ (National Institute
of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 10/15/09)
26. IR Spectra - Examples
C=C str
sp3 C-H str
sp2 C-H str
This is an alkene.
SDBSWeb : http://riodb01.ibase.aist.go.jp/sdbs/ (National Institute
of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 10/15/09)
27. IR Spectra - Examples
C≡C str at
2120 cm-1
sp3 C-H str
This is a terminal alkyne.
sp C-H str
SDBSWeb : http://riodb01.ibase.aist.go.jp/sdbs/ (National Institute
of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 10/15/09)
28. IR Spectra - Examples
C≡N str at
2260 cm-1
sp3 C-H str
This is a nitrile.
SDBSWeb : http://riodb01.ibase.aist.go.jp/sdbs/ (National Institute
of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 10/15/09)
29. IR Spectra - Examples
sp3 C-H str
alc.
O-H
str
C-O str
This is an alcohol.
SDBSWeb : http://riodb01.ibase.aist.go.jp/sdbs/ (National Institute
of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 10/16/09)
30. How to Analyze an IR Spectrum
O-H absorption, peak shape
Peak shapes are influenced by
hydrogen bonding.
Lots of H-bonding, broad peak
around 3300 cm-1.
In a dilute solution, there is little H
bonding and the O-H peak is sharper
and around 3500 cm-1.
This can happen to N-H and the
acid O-H as well .
31. IR Spectra - Examples
Cyclohexanol, neat
SDBSWeb : http://riodb01.ibase.aist.go.jp/sdbs/ (National Institute
of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 10/16/11)
32. IR Spectra - Examples
Cyclohexanol in CCl4
SDBSWeb : http://riodb01.ibase.aist.go.jp/sdbs/ (National Institute
of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 9/3/11)
33. IR Spectra - Examples
acid O-H str
sp3 C-H str acid
C=O str
This is a carboxylic acid.
SDBSWeb : http://riodb01.ibase.aist.go.jp/sdbs/ (National Institute
of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 10/16/09)
34. IR Spectra - Examples
sp2 C-H str aromatic
C=C str
aldehyde
C=O str
C-H str
doublet:
2826 cm-1
and 2728
cm-1
This compound has two functional groups: a benzene
ring and an aldehyde.
SDBSWeb : http://riodb01.ibase.aist.go.jp/sdbs/ (National Institute
of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 10/16/09)
35. IR Spectra - Examples
sp3 C-H str
C-O str
ester
C=O str
This is an alkyl ester. Esters and ketones have
fairly similar spectra.
SDBSWeb : http://riodb01.ibase.aist.go.jp/sdbs/ (National Institute
of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 10/16/09)
36. Effects of Conjugation
Conjugation will lower typical
absorption frequencies of double
bonds due to the presence of
some single bond character.
C=C
C=O
Ring strain in cyclic compounds
goes the other way and increases
frequencies.
37. IR Spectra – Effect of
Conjugation
methyl methacrylate
SDBSWeb : http://riodb01.ibase.aist.go.jp/sdbs/ (National Institute
of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 9/3/11)
38. IR Spectra - Examples
What functional group(s) is (are) present?
SDBSWeb : http://riodb01.ibase.aist.go.jp/sdbs/ (National Institute
of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 10/16/09)
39. IR Spectra - Examples
sp3 C-H str
N-H str
1° amine
This is a primary alkyl amine.
SDBSWeb : http://riodb01.ibase.aist.go.jp/sdbs/ (National Institute
of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 10/16/09)
40. IR Spectra - Examples
Identify all major absorptions
and functional groups.
(acetanilide)
SDBSWeb : http://riodb01.ibase.aist.go.jp/sdbs/ (National Institute of Advanced
Industrial Science and Technology, 10/16/09)
41. How to Analyze an IR Spectrum
http://www.cem.msu.edu/~reusch/VirtualText/ Nothing takes the place of sitting
down with actual spectra and
studying them.