This document discusses finishing processes and parameters for knit fabrics. It begins by introducing the author and objectives of studying finishing effects through a stabilizing dryer. It then discusses various finishing steps like slitting, dewatering, drying, and compacting. It describes the functions and effects of machines used in these steps like slitter, tube squeezer, dryer, stenter, and compactor. It notes problems that can occur and suggests solutions like using a Mahlo device or sunforizing device. Other machines discussed include brio, ultra-soft, and brushing machines. Graphs show effects on spirality and shrinkage. The conclusion emphasizes understanding deviations and quality control.

1. Finishing Process and parameters

2. Prepared By : Mazadul Hasan sheshir
ID: 2010000400008
13th
Batch (session 2009-2013)
Department : Wet Processing Technology
Email: mazadulhasan@yahoo.com
Blog : www. Textilelab.blogspot.com (visit)
Southeast University
Department Of Textile Engineering
I/A 251,252 Tejgaon Dhaka Bangladesh
Prepared By :

3. “Study An Effective And
Consistent Finishing Effect
Through Stabilizing Dryer on
Knit Fabric“

4. Total Textile Process at a Glance

5. Introduction
 Here we’ve presented the project on the topic
of finishing of textile. We’ve tried our best to
include all the important term related to textile
finishing. I hope we could know some important
parameter and suggestion on textile finishing.

6. Objectives of this Project:
 The objects of this project is to study an
effective and consistent finishing effects
through stabilizing dryer on knit fabric.
 To study about assistant device that improve
quality, effect and production.
 To improve crease mark, hand feel,
appearance, smoothness, shrinkages etc

7. Knit fabric Finishing
 The term finishing, in a broad sense it covers all the
processes of making the fabric good looking, good hand
feeling, luster and of course for buyer requirement. It
is done after dying and before delivery to market.
Various types of parameters are controlled during
finishing section considering buyer requirement. The
term also includes bleaching, dyeing, mercerizing etc.
But normally the term is restricted to the final stage in
the sequence of treatment of Knit fabrics after
bleaching and dyeing. However, fabrics which are
neither bleached nor dyed are also finished.

8. Objects of finishing:
The aim of finishing is to render textile goods fit for their purpose
or end use. Besides that, finishing can be done for achieving the
following purposes-
a) To improve fabric attractiveness.
- By modification of fabric appearance(optical brightening),
-By altering fabric handle (Softening, Stiffening)
-Control of fabric dimension (Sanforising, Compacting)
b) To improve service ability.
-Protection of fabric (Flame proofing, Water proofing)
-Improved performance (Water repellency, Raising)
-Easy care properties (Resin finish, Crease recovery)

9. Types of finishing:
 1) Chemical finishing: Softener,
Biopolishing, Enzyme, UV Protection,
Anticreaase, Silicon Finish etc.
 2) Mechanical finishing: Shrinkage,
Raising and Shearing,

10. Finishing effects:
 Easy - care
 Crease recovery.
 Dimensional stability.
 Good abrasion resistance.
 Improved tear strength.
 Good sew ability
 Soft or stiff hand feel
 Shine or luster

11. Sequence of finishing
Tube fabric finishing
Hydro-extractor
↓
De-watering
↓
Dryer
↓
Tubular compactor
Open fabric finishing
Hydro-extractor
↓
Slitting & De-watering
↓
Dryer
↓
Stenter
↓
Open Compactor

12. Observation of Different Finishing m/c:

13. Slitting machine:
This machine is used to make the tube fabric
into open form.
Machine parts and functions:
 Rotary blade: To cut the fabric through break
wales line
 Ring: To help cutting
 Guide Roller: To guide the fabric to plaiting
 Plaiting: To plate the fabric
 Sensor: sense for cutting through break wales
line

14. Fig4: Slitting Machine

15. Tube Squeezer or De-Watering M/C
 After dyeing process fabrics are sent for de-
watering. This is the process to remove the water
from the fabric partially by squeezing. This is the
main function of the squeezing machine.
 Important parts
-Twist detector
-Expander
-Padder

16. The basic function of the squeezing m/c:
-To remove the water from the fabric.
-To control the width of the fabric.
-To control the length of the fabric.
-To control the spirality of the fabric.
-To control the over feeding system.
-To increase the softness of the fabric.
-To remove the crease mark of the fabric.

17. Dryer m/c:
Dryer machine is used to dry the fabric with the help of
the steam. Besides drying it controls the shrinkage and
prepares the fabric for the next process.
Types of Dryer :
 Gas Dryer
 Stem Dryer
The basic function of the dryer:
 To dry the fabric.
 To control the over feed system (Shrinkage control)
 To control the GSM of the fabric.

18. Important Parts of dryer m/c:
 Conveyor net
 Chamber
 Burner
 Exhaust air fan
 Over feed roller
 Filter net
 Fan
 Nozzle

19. Stenter machine:
Stenter machine is very important for finishing
knit fabric in open form. It can be used for the
following functions:
 Heat setting is done by the stenter for lycra fabric,
synthetic and blended fabric.
 Skew and bow are controlled through stenter.
 Finishing chemical apply on fabric by the stenter.
 Loop of the knit fabric is controlled.
 GSM, Dia, Spirality, Shrinkage, Moisture of the fabric is
controlled by stenter.
 Fabric is dried by the stentering process.
 Curing treatment for resin, water repellent fabric is done by
the stenter.

20. picture of stenter m/c:

21. Parts of Stenter Machine:
 Padders
 Weft straighter (Mahlo)
 Burners 10
 Heat recovery
 Attraction rollers
 Circulating fans 10,8
 Exhaust fans 2
 Winder 2
 Clips
 Pins
 I.R
 Cooling drums 2

22. Before stenter After stenter

23. Finishing effect of stenter m/c
Before stenter After stenter
 Water is contained in
fabric
 Spirality is appeared
 Shrink is appeared
 GSM is not adjusted
 GSM:- (140-145)
 Fabric dia is
uncontrolled
 Water is removed
 Spirality is not appeared
 Shrink is controlled
 GSM isn't adjusted
 GSM:- (155-160)
 Fabric dia is controlled

24. There are some faults found in stenter machine for
specially S/j fabrics:
 GSM control
 Skewing & Bowing
 Spirality
 Dimensional stability

25. Suggestions:
If mahalo/ plevia device is stetted with stenter this
problem can be solved. This device improves
quality, effect and production by following ways:
•Skew control
•Bow control
•Even input in stenter
•Man power reduction
•Use sensor for even temperature, even pressure,
even steam, reduction fuel for producing steam or
hot air.

26. Figure-: Plevia Machine

27. COMPACTOR MACHINE:
Compactor is a textile finishing machine which is
designed specially for compacting 100% cotton knitted
fabric like jersey, pique, interlock & rib etc. as well as
cotton blended fabric in rope form

28. The basic functions of the Tube compactor m/c:
 Tube compactor is used to finish knit fabric in tube form
 To control the GSM. (Increase & decrease).
 To control dia.
 To control the shrinkage. (Increase & decrease).
Functions of the Open Compactor m/c:
 To compact the fabric in open form
 To control the GSM. (Increase & decrease).
 To control the dia.
 To control the shrinkage. (Increase & decrease).

29. Important parts
 Overfeed roller
 Expander
 Blanket
 Steam sprayers
 Cylinder
 Teflon covers

30.  Special note on compactor finishing:
In case of light color padder pressure should be low.
Otherwise shade will be lighter.
If the padder is not clean, then line mark can appear in the
fabric.
Fabric dia, extension, speed, compaction & overfeed will
vary depending on the fabric type and finishing
requirements.
In the case of low GSM S/J fabric padder pressure and
speed will be maximum.
In the case of high GSM S/J fabric then padder pressure and
speed will be minimum.
In case of Lycra single jersey fabric, speed & padder
pressure will be minimum.

31. Before Compactor After Compactor

32. Finishing effect of Compactor m/c
Before Compactor Finishing After Compactor Finishing
 Small amount of water is
contained.
 Crease mark
 Luster medium
 Hand feel medium
 GSM isn’t adjusted
 Shrinkage is high
 Access water is removed.
 Low GSM can be adjusted.
 Crease mark isn’t appeared
 Luster medium
 Hand feel good
 GSM is adjusted
 Shrinkage is removed

33. Problem of compactor m/c:
 Hand feel may be not good
 Shrinkage problem
 Low GSM
 Width may be not adjusted
Remedies of problem:
 Sunforising device can solve this problem. This device
can easily control of low GSM fabric. About 10 GSM
can be controlled . Dimensional stability can be also
controlled.

34. Brio machine:
It is one of the latest finishing m/c in textile. It can be
used in stead of Tumble dryer. It can finish of textile
material without any change of fabric appearance.
Function of Brio machine:
 To dry evenly
 It makes good appearance of fabric.
 To control the GSM
 To remove crease mark
 Significant luster improve
 To create finishing effect by vibration
 Ideal for decorative and sensitive fabric

36. Before Brio After Brio

37. Before Brio After Brio

38. Finishing effect of Brio m/c:
Before Brio Finishing After Brio Finishing
 Crease marks are appeared
 Luster is not good
 Medium appearance
 Hand feel is not good
 GSM isn’t adjusted
 Crease marks are not
appeared
 Luster is good
 Very good appearance
 Hand feel is good
 GSM is adjusted

39. Graphical view of 140GSM s/j fabric spirality %. (Before Brio Process)
S/No Spirility %
1 12.39%
2 8.88%
3 7.9%
4 10.5%

40. Graphical view of spirality %.(After Brio Process)
S/ No spirility%
1 2.5%
2 5%
3 1%
4 1.33%

41. Graphical veiw shrinkage %.

42. Ultra-soft m/c:
Ultra soft machine is used to increase softness of
fabric. This is a mechanical process of finishing.
Note:
 If speed of carbon brush is high then softness will be
high
 Softening action is done on the face side of the
fabric.
 At least 5% GSM of the fabric will reduce after
brushing.
 Dust storage unit is present.
 Dia of the fabric will reduce after brushing (ex-20%)
and thus fabric must run to the stenter m/c after
brushing.

43. Brushing Machine
By the brushing machine back side of the fleece fabric
is brushed.
 Note:
 Brushing action is done on the back side of the fleece
fabric
 Fabric is run in m/c for 3-6 times until the target is
achieved.
 fabric GSM will reduce.
 This is a mechanical action and once produced cannot be
changed.

44. Before brush After brush

45.  Conclusion: In this project, different important
factors are discussed on knit fabric finishing that can
impact on finishing. All the reports are done by
practical knowledge from different industry and
finally some important factors which are obtained
from knitting to dyeing and finishing. So deviations
are obtained and the reason of the problem must
observe to avoid in further. Because customers are
always worried about the product quality. We hope
this project work will be very helpful in our practical
industrial life.

46. Finishing machine manufacturer

49. 1. Yarn Manufacturing Technology
Link : http://www.facebook.com/pages/Yarn-Manufacturing-
Technology/485014954866808
2. Fabric Manufacturing Technology
Link : http://www.facebook.com/pages/Fabric-Manufacturing-
Technology/459520217425605
3. Garments Manufacturing Technology
Link : http://www.facebook.com/pages/Garments-Manufacturing-
Technology/472364799463126
3. Wet processing Technology
Link : http://www.facebook.com/pages/Wet-Processing-Technology-
Dyeing-/468645219825404
4. Fashion-Design-and-Technology
Link : http://www.facebook.com/pages/Fashion-Design-and-
Technology/587655294583875?ref=ts&fref=ts
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