A test method is a method for a test in science or engineering, such as a physical test, chemical test, or statistical test. It is a definitive procedure that produces a test result. There are so many standards /test methods for textile testing.
Quality is a relative term. It means customer needs is to be satisfied. Quality is of prime importance in any aspect of business. Customers demand and expect value for money. As producers of apparel there must be a constant endeavor to produce work of good quality. To assess the quality of textile product Textile Testing is very important work or process. Testing In response to ever-changing governmental regulations and the ever-increasing consumer demand for high quality, softlines testing and textile testing help to minimize risk and protect the interest of both manufacturers and consumers. It is important that testing is not undertaken without adding some benefit to the final product.
It is an intermediate process. The main object of ball warping is to prepare log for the rope dyeing machine. Here magazine type of creels is used for the creeling of yarns in the form of cheese. The no. of ends taken one as per requirement of further processes that is for preparing the weavers beam .According to no. of ends in each group, the respective creeling is done to make the required no. of logs to be used at the creeling zone of rope dyeing machine.
In the ICI pilling test the fabric will undergo tumbling action while in the case of Martindale abrasion test the fabric sample will undergo multidirectional action against the emery cloth. So the test condition in Martindale is widely acceptable than ICI pilling.
Quality is a relative term. It means customer needs is to be satisfied. Quality is of prime importance in any aspect of business. Customers demand and expect value for money. As producers of apparel there must be a constant endeavor to produce work of good quality. To assess the quality of textile product Textile Testing is very important work or process. Testing In response to ever-changing governmental regulations and the ever-increasing consumer demand for high quality, softlines testing and textile testing help to minimize risk and protect the interest of both manufacturers and consumers. It is important that testing is not undertaken without adding some benefit to the final product.
It is an intermediate process. The main object of ball warping is to prepare log for the rope dyeing machine. Here magazine type of creels is used for the creeling of yarns in the form of cheese. The no. of ends taken one as per requirement of further processes that is for preparing the weavers beam .According to no. of ends in each group, the respective creeling is done to make the required no. of logs to be used at the creeling zone of rope dyeing machine.
In the ICI pilling test the fabric will undergo tumbling action while in the case of Martindale abrasion test the fabric sample will undergo multidirectional action against the emery cloth. So the test condition in Martindale is widely acceptable than ICI pilling.
The pH of a solution is a measure of the molar concentration of hydrogen ions in the solution and as such is a measure of the acidity or basicity of the solution.To export textile products test of pH is essential.
This procedure is sometimes referred to as “Burn Out”. A cotton / polyester blended fabric can be printed with a print paste containing the burn out chemicals, and after fixation, the cotton portion is destroyed and only the polyester remains. Burn-out textiles is a technique used to develop raised designs on fabric surface. This is primarily being done in fabrics with at least 2 different fibre content i.e. Cotton-Polyester, Silk-Rayon etc.
Terry fabric is a knitted fabric with ring yarn or terry covering at one or both sides. It belongs to one of the fancy knitted fabrics. Terry fabric is characterized by soft touch, thick texture, excellent water absorption and heat retention. Terry fabric can be divided into single-sided and double-sided terry loop fabrics. The terry can form pattern effect on the knitting surface distributed according to some certain rules. Terry fabric after shearing or other process can be turned into fleece fabric or velvet fabric.
Denim-Non Denim garments shade control systemAzmir Latif Beg
Shade control policy is very important to ensure one shade in one Carton specially for denim and Non denim. Its also determine shade variation within one destination or PO. Piece to Piece variation common problems found in garments due to fabric problem, mishandling of fabric rolls during cutting fabrics and bundles in sewing floor, wash problem etc.
Industrial training is considered as one of the most essential part of engineering and
technical education. This training is included in our graduation program to introduce us
with the practical implementation of the technology that we have studied in our courses.
So, it is very helpful, lays the milestone for starting the carrier for fresh textile graduates
and helps to gain self-confidence and discover one’s own ability.
For any technical education, practical experience is equally necessary in association with
the theoretical knowledge. The industrial attachment is the most effective way to achieve
this practical experience. It provides sufficient practical knowledge about production
management, worker’s productivity, evaluation, work study, efficiency, industrial
management, production planning & control, inventory control, purchasing, utilities and
maintenance of machinery and their operation techniques etc. Like other engineering
fields, industrial attachment is also necessary for textile engineering.
Authors got an opportunity to complete 8 weeks long industrial training and they were
sent to Mosharaf Composite Textile Mills Ltd. They have done their training by gathering
information about various dept. in that mill. On the basis of that training the following
report has been prepared.
The pH of a solution is a measure of the molar concentration of hydrogen ions in the solution and as such is a measure of the acidity or basicity of the solution.To export textile products test of pH is essential.
This procedure is sometimes referred to as “Burn Out”. A cotton / polyester blended fabric can be printed with a print paste containing the burn out chemicals, and after fixation, the cotton portion is destroyed and only the polyester remains. Burn-out textiles is a technique used to develop raised designs on fabric surface. This is primarily being done in fabrics with at least 2 different fibre content i.e. Cotton-Polyester, Silk-Rayon etc.
Terry fabric is a knitted fabric with ring yarn or terry covering at one or both sides. It belongs to one of the fancy knitted fabrics. Terry fabric is characterized by soft touch, thick texture, excellent water absorption and heat retention. Terry fabric can be divided into single-sided and double-sided terry loop fabrics. The terry can form pattern effect on the knitting surface distributed according to some certain rules. Terry fabric after shearing or other process can be turned into fleece fabric or velvet fabric.
Denim-Non Denim garments shade control systemAzmir Latif Beg
Shade control policy is very important to ensure one shade in one Carton specially for denim and Non denim. Its also determine shade variation within one destination or PO. Piece to Piece variation common problems found in garments due to fabric problem, mishandling of fabric rolls during cutting fabrics and bundles in sewing floor, wash problem etc.
Industrial training is considered as one of the most essential part of engineering and
technical education. This training is included in our graduation program to introduce us
with the practical implementation of the technology that we have studied in our courses.
So, it is very helpful, lays the milestone for starting the carrier for fresh textile graduates
and helps to gain self-confidence and discover one’s own ability.
For any technical education, practical experience is equally necessary in association with
the theoretical knowledge. The industrial attachment is the most effective way to achieve
this practical experience. It provides sufficient practical knowledge about production
management, worker’s productivity, evaluation, work study, efficiency, industrial
management, production planning & control, inventory control, purchasing, utilities and
maintenance of machinery and their operation techniques etc. Like other engineering
fields, industrial attachment is also necessary for textile engineering.
Authors got an opportunity to complete 8 weeks long industrial training and they were
sent to Mosharaf Composite Textile Mills Ltd. They have done their training by gathering
information about various dept. in that mill. On the basis of that training the following
report has been prepared.
Taber abrasion tester mainly through the rotation of the grinding method, use different types of friction wheel for rotating on the sample to detect leather and plastic materials wear resistance performance.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON FLEXURAL BEHAVIOR OF THE SELF-COMPACTING CONCRETE WITH ...IAEME Publication
This Research studies, In recent years, Self-compacting concrete (SCC) can be considered as a concrete which has little resistance to flow so that it can be placed and compacted under its own weight with little or no vibration effort, yet possesses enough viscosity to be handled without segregation or bleeding. Several tests such as slump flow, V-funnel, L-box has carried out to determine optimum parameters for the self-compatibility of mixtures. In this article SCC plain and
SCC hybrid fibres has compared. The current study includes a practical program considers the effect of adding Nylon e-300 fibre and Nylon tuff fibre to structural behavior of self-compacting concrete such as compressive strength and flexural strength behavior represent by mix proportion-strength
curves.
Introduction to Asphalt Testing Products manufactured by Aimil Ltd IndiaAimil Ltd
We are a leading manufacturer and retail trader of Asphalt Testing Equipment : laboratory oven, cube testing machine, ductility testing apparatus, standard penetrometer, softening point apparatus and bitumen extractor, and many more…….See Slides
Get In Touch +91 11 3081 0200 (H.O.)
Naimex House A-8, Mohan Co-operative Industrial Estate, Mathura Road, New Delhi - 110 044
1800-3002-0330 (Service Toll Free Number)
Lycra void, damage and precaution to avoid those in washingAzmir Latif Beg
There is a lot of factor are involve behind of lycra damage. By the following preventive monitoring in every step of our manufacturing process we can get improvement all over the standard level and will be able to overcome those kinds of unwanted issues.
Mainly we have done visual inspection first after fabric received commonly follow 4 point inspection system. It's cover count/construction, width, weight, color, shading, design, measurement specifications, hand/feel and other specific quality parameters laid down by the clients.
Industrial Hazards and Their Safety Measure in Textile IndustryAzmir Latif Beg
Industrial hazard may be defined as any condition produced by industries that may cause injury or death to personnel or loss of product or property. Textile industries involve diverse operations including fiber synthesis, weaving, manufacturing, dyeing and finishing. Textile operations have been studied extensively and found numerous health and safety issues associated with the textile industry.
The ZDHC MRSL is intended to assist the apparel and footwear supply chain in phasing out the use of restricted substances by establishing enforceable limits for hazardous substances in chemical formulations used to process materials. The MRSL limits are designed to eliminate the possibility of intentional use of listed substances.
Risk Phrases (R) and Safety Phrases (S) is an important part of Chemical MSDS and Safety data sheet. We can identify hazard of a chemical by this phrases. Hazard classification should be indicated with hazard signs and hazard symbols and/or R phrases as well as S phrases.
R phrase and R number: phrases indicating the risks of hazardous preparations and substances, and their numbers respectively.
S phrase and S number: phrases related to the safe handling of hazardous preparations, and their numbers respectively.
Chemical Management System in Textile Manufacturing and Processing is required to achieve the safe use of chemicals and to control the hazards that they present to workers, the community and the environment. It can take a lot of chemicals to make clothes. The apparel sector certainly is not as chemical intensive as other global industries, but its variety of chemical operations and materials does present a range of potential hazards to its workers and the surrounding communities and environment.
NDT-Nondestructive testing is the process of inspecting, testing, or evaluating materials, components or assemblies for discontinuities, or differences in characteristics without destroying the serviceability of the part or system. In other words, when the inspection or test is completed the part can still be used.
Cotton fiber-textiles touch every aspect of our lives. For years, cotton clothing, home furnishings and industrial goods have enhanced our quality of life by providing comfort, expression and individuality. Cotton fiber possesses a variety of distinct properties, and we know there are plenty of people who want to dig a little deeper.
Apparel Merchandising-BASIC CONCEPT ON NEGOTIATION OF APPAREL COSTING AND PRO...Azmir Latif Beg
The Ready–Made Garments (RMG) sector has emerged as the biggest earner of foreign currency. The readymade garments industry acts as the backbone of our economy with a GDP of USD 130 Billion. Country‘s annual export is approximately US$ 30 billion and import is approximately US$ 37 billion. 80% of export comes from the Garments industry and as a catalyst for the development of our country. It‘s a time for us to strengthen up the quality of our textile product.
Letters of credit is a written commitment to pay, by a buyer's or importer's bank (called the issuing bank) to the seller's or exporter's bank (called the accepting bank, negotiating bank, or paying bank). It is also known as a documentary credit.
Merchandising Transactions and Managing Payment RiskAzmir Latif Beg
The truth is that every payment method involves risk. Managing payment risks in merchandising transactions is very important. The major risks are fraud and operational risk.
Steam distribution system, utilization and designAzmir Latif Beg
n any steam plant or any process plant effectiveness of steam distribution system is dependent upon the project specific conditions like location and layout of the process plant and its steam consuming equipment like heat exchangers, decorators etc. Steam distribution circuit is one of the major link between the steam production point and the point of end use i.e. process plant. Primary steam generating source are co-generation plant and Steam generators. However it not the source of steam generation but the effective and efficient steam distribution system that decides right quality (pressure and temperature) and quantity of steam to reach to the process through it. Thus designing of steam distribution is to be given due importance along with installation and subsequently maintenance during operation.
In the present day world most of us are very conscious about our hygiene and cleanliness. Now a days Textile materials facing commonly mold problem during in store, in packed garment or in shipment container are not only related to microorganisms such as pathogenic bacteria, odour generating bacteria and mould fungi, but also good media for growth of microorganisms.
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FTIR) and TextileAzmir Latif Beg
Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is a technique used to obtain an infrared spectrum of absorption or emission of a solid, liquid or gas. FTIR offers quantitative and qualitative analysis for organic and inorganic samples. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) identifies chemical bonds in fiber. By FTIR we only know the name of fiber is identified. By this technique we can identify the exact composition of fiber like 80 % polyester 20 % cotton.
There are many safety issues, such as fire, fall accidents, choking, chemical content, etc. It can advise you on which requirements to request with the help of EU regulations related to Product Safety. It is an independent documentation of the safety of your products by ensuring that they comply with EU standards.
Flat knitting is a method for producing knitted fabrics in which the work is turned periodically, i.e., the fabric is worked with alternating sides facing the knitter. A "Flat" or Vee Bed knitting machine consists of 2 flat needle beds arranged in an upside-down "V" formation.
A braiding machine is device, which interlaces at least three strands of yarns or wires to form a rope reinforced hose, covered power cords, and some types of lace. Materials include natural and synthetic yarns, metal wires, leather tapes and others.
Modern looms still weave by repeating in sequence the operations of shedding, picking, and beating. In weaving technology, modern looms means shuttle less loom. Air jet and Rapier both are performed automatically with high production and commonly used in Bangladesh.
Picanol introduces a truly new generation of airjet weaving machines, combining the latest available technology with over 30 years of experience in airjet weaving. A completely new electronic control platform, integrating state-of-the-art hard- and software, has been combined with a revolutionary new insertion system.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
3. 1. BSEN ISO 6330:2001
2. ISO 6330:1984
3. BSEN 26330: 1994
4. BSEN ISO 25077:1994
5. ISO 3759:1994 (Marking and Measurement of Fabric &
Garments)
6. ISO 5077: 1984(E)
7. AATCC 135:2010 (Dimensional change of Fabric after
Home laundering)(Option 1,2, Narrow Fabrics)
8. AATCC 150: 2010 (Dimensional change of Garments
after Home Laundering)
9. SASO2140:2003
10. SASO 2145:2003
11. ISO 16322-1, 2, 3:2003(Skewness %)
12. AATCC 179:2010 (Option 1,2,3)
13. ASTM D3882: 1999 (Skew and Bow % for Woven &
Knitted Fabrics)
4. 1. ISO 16323: 2003 (Measuring Apparatus for Fabric
Appearance)
2. ISO 15487: 1999 (General Appearance in
Laundering)
3. ISO 7768:2006 (Smoothness Appearance of Fabric)
4. ISO 7769: 2006 (Smoothness Appearance of
Creases)
5. ISO 7770:2006 (Smoothness Appearance of Seams)
6. ISO 9867:1991 (Smoothness Appearance of Wrinkle
Free Fabrics)
7. AATCC 124:2001 (For Fabrics)
8. AATCC 143:2001 (For Apparel and Other Textile
Products)
9. AATCC 88B:2003 (Smoothness Appearance of Seam)
10. AATCC 88C: 2003 (Retention of Crease in Fabrics)
5. 1.BSEN ISO 13934-1:1999 (Strip Method)
2. BSEN ISO 13934-2:1999 (Grab Method)
3. ASTM D5034:1995(2001)(Grab Method)
4. ASTM D5035: 1995 (2003)(Strip Method)
5. ISO 2411:2000(E)
6. SASO 2139:2003 (Strip Method)
19. 14. AATCC23-2005- Colorfastness to Burnt Gas Fumes.
15. ISO 108 CO8, ISO 108 CO9, M & S C10A - Oxidative
bleach damage.
16. DIN 53160, DIN 55945- Saliva.
17. AATCC 133, ISO 105 X11, BS 1006 X11- Hot
Pressing.
18. AATCC 132, ISO 105 DO1, BS 1006 DO1, AS
2001.4.16 -Dry Cleaning.
19. AATCC 163- Dye transfer in storage.
20. ISO105 X 18- C / F to Phenolic Yellowing.
21. AATCC190: 2008- C/F to H/L with ActivatedOxygen
Bleach Detergent Accel.
22. AATCC 109- Color fastness to Hydrogen Ozone.
23. AATCC 101, ISO 105 NO2- Color fastness to
bleaching with Hydrogen Peroxide.