Garments Washing process

1. Industrial
Garments
Washing

2. Course Outline
•Introduction
•Washing chemicals
•Machines used in washing plant
•Garment dry process
•Garment wet process
•Garment dyeing
•Garment dyeing with different concept
•Garment over dyeing & tinting

3. Defining Denim
• A warp-faced twill fabric made from a yarn dyed warp and
an un-dyed weft yarn. Traditionally, the warp yarn is
indigo dyed.

6. Bartak Stitches
Yoke

7. Peculiarity of Denim
• Denim is made from Indigo dye, a vat
dye, which is attached to cotton fabric
in loosely held form in layers.
• When washed, it fades differentially,
which gives its characteristic washed
down appearance

8. Types Of Denim
 Basic Denim / Regular Denim
 Ring Denim
 Slub Denim
 Cross Slub/ Cross Hatch
Denim
 Ring Slub Denim
 Stretch Denim
 Poly Denim
 Coated Denim
 Indigo
 Dark Indigo
 Blue Black
 Black
 Ash Color
 2/1 Twill
 3/1 Twill
 4/1 Twill
 Broken Twill

10. Slub Denim
Ring slub denim
Ring Denim Stretch Denim

11. Cross Hatch Slub
Denim
Broken twill
Coated Denim
Herringbone twill
Herringbone Twill

12. •The technology which is used to modify the
appearance, outlook, comfort ability & fashion of
the garments is called garment washing.
•By the washing technique, fadded/old look or
tinted effect is created.
Garment Washing

13. OBJECTS/PURPOSE OF GARMENTS WASHING:
• To develop softness in garments: Size materials applied during manufacturing
present in the fabric are removed which enhances soft hand feel . Additional
softness may be attained by using softener.
• To introduce fading effect: Dyes or pigments are present in the fabric , used
during coloration, are washed out locally or partially which result fading or worn
out effects in the garments.
• To create new fashion: Washing Process of garments bring different outlook (
faded, color tinted etc ) thus creating new fashion for the new generation
especially for teenagers.
• To satisfy the consumer :As the contraction or extraction (shrinkage ) occur due
to washing , the wearer can use the garments after purchase satisfactory

14. REQUIREMENTS OF GARMENTS WASHING:
1. It should be removed size materials from the garments. Hence feels soft during
use.
2. It should be removed any dust, dirt, spot, impurities or germ which is present
or added in garments during manufacturing.
3. Shrinkage occurrance i.e. no possibility of further shrinkage of wash garments
due to washing.
4. It should be attracted the customers or buyer by using different types of
fashionable washing and market developments.
5. It should be produced similar or different outlook in the garments by different
washing techniques.
6. It should be created wash look appearance in the garments. After washing the
garments create a new looks which seems the new touch of fashion.

16. REQUIREMENTS OF GARMENTS WASHING:
7. It should be created color or tinted affect in the garments which also seems
the best touch of the garments.
8.It should be created faded affect in the garments.
9. It should be possible to wearing directly the garments after purchasing from
the shop.
10. Should be used new/ modern/ latest machines.
11. It should also be produced fading affect in the specific area of the garment
as per specific design.
12. It should be comparatively more profitable than others.

17. Raw Materials
Garments:-
 Denim Items (Denim pant, Shirt)
 Light knitted (T-shirt, Polo shirt)
 Heavy knitted (Sweater)
 Woven Items (Twill)
Depending on garments construction different types of washing process can be done.
1. Twill/Canvas/Knitted/Corduroy - Normal wash, Pigment wash, Caustic ,Si wash
2. Denim/Jeans/Gabardine - Enzyme wash, Stone wash, Bleach wash , Acid wash
3. Grey fabric- Super white wash

18. Types of garments washing process:
Wet wash process
Dry wash process
Dry wash: Dry wash is mainly done by mechanically or by
hand
Wet Wash: Wet wash is normally done by using different
types of chemicals with water. Different process of wet wash
is used in garments washing.

19. Types garments washing
• Normal Wash
• Enzyme Wash
• Stone Enzyme Wash
• Bleach wash
• Towel bleach wash
• Tinting & over
dyeing
• Acid Wash etc
• Whiskering
• Hand Scrapping
• P.P Spray
• P.P Sponging
• 3D or Wrinkle
• Grinding
• Destroy & Tagging etc
Dry process/Mechanical process
Wet process/Chemical process

20. PP spray PP Sponging Hand Scraping
Whiskering 3D effect

21. Flow Chart of Washing:
Garments from store house
↓
Count
↓
Quality check
↓
Batch
↓
Washing
↓
Hydro extractor
↓
Drying
↓
Quality check
↓
Packing
↓
Delivery

22. Common procedure of garments washing:
1. Load machine with garments.
2. De-size with alpha amylase enzyme and detergent.
3. Drain.
4. Rinse.

23. 5. Fill machine with water and heat to 60 C. The liquor ratio can
range from 10:1 to 20:1.
A number of synthetic detergents can be used. Also, alkaline
products such as soda ash or caustic soda can be added in amounts
ranging from 0.5 to 2.0 grams/liter.

24. 7. Wash/tumble action for 20-60 minutes, depending upon desired
effect.
8. Drain and rinse.
9. Apply softener.
10. Tumble dry.
11. Press, if required

25. Advantages of Garments Washing
Starch materials is present in the new fabrics of he new garment are
removed, hence feels soft during use.
Softness feeling of garments could be further increased. Washed garment
could be wear directly after purchase from store.
Fading affect is produced in the garment in regular or irregular pattern.
Fading affect could be produced in the specific area of the garment as per
specific design.
Different outlook of garment could be produced in the garment by different
washing techniques.
Similar outlook can be produced in the garments by different washing
techniques.
Initial investment cost to set up a garment washing plant is comparatively
lower.
Dirt and spots if present in the garment are removed.
Shrinkage occurs in the garment washing, hence no possibility of further
shrinkage.

26. Effects of Garments Washing
Change the appearance of the garments
Change the strength of the garments
Change the weight of garments
Change the dimensional stability of garments
Change in size
Change in color
Change the out look of the garments
Change in comfort
Change in design
Change in fashion

27. • Change the appearance of the garments: The overall appearance is
changed by washing by using different chemical and process. It may be fade
or observed tiny crease on the fabric surface.
• Change the strength of garments: Friction between fabric surfaces with
rotating drum, fabric strength is loss. Strength loss is depends on the
processing time & types of wash required.
• Change the weight of garments: During washing size material may
removed, fiber open, yarn open, fiber migrate from yarn so ultimate weight
loss after washing
• Change the dimensional stability of garments: During washing ordeal
operation is needed. So dimensional stability of garment may shrinkage or
extend. The original shape of garment may increase or decrease.
• Change in size: The original shape of garment may increase or decrease
during washing. So the ultimate size of garment is change.
• Change in color: During washing dyed and printed garment are affected by
chemical. Some color washed off from the fabric surface. Color bleed form
the surface. Color decay from deeper to paler shade.

28. • Change outlook of the garments: Over all out look of garment may
changed by washing.
• Change in comfort: Clothing comfort is a state of mind when it is at its
lowest stress level. Comfort is defined as the absence of perceived pain- and
discomfort. Clothing comfort is a state of satisfaction indicating
physiological, psychological and physical balance among the person. After
washing, garment may soften or hard.
• Change in design: By giving different effect on garments, the design of
garments is changed. After washing, wrinkle effect may do by wrinkle wash.