Construction Of Multistoreyed Building

Industrial Training Report-2015 Construction of Multistoried Building
B.Tech, Department Of Civil Engineering 1 T.K.M Institute OfTechnology
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. OBJECTIVE
The objectives are:
 To get a field experience and knowledge in industrial activity by industrial
visit.
 To know about the detailed plans.
 To know about the quality measures.
 To know about the structural details.
 To know about the purpose of construction.
 To know about the facilities provided in multistoried residential building.
 To know about the different materials used for the work.
1.2. DURATION
The duration of the industrial training was 15 days.
1.3. METHODOLOGY
The methods used for collection of data are:-
 Interview with the employees of SI Property.
 Website
1.4. LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
 Time was the major limitation of this study. Only two weeks were
available for study.

2. THE TRAINING ORGANISATION
Established in the year 2000, SI Property was formed with a commitment
to serve the Housing and Real Estate needs of clients who cherish a dream of
owning a reputed place. SI Property, an ISO 9001-2008 Certified Company, is
managed and run by a team of professionals under the guidance of its Managing
Director, Mr. S.N. Raghuchandran Nair. The Company strongly believes in the
principles of Quality, Progressiveness, Solidity, Assertiveness, and Commitment
and does not compromise on the Quality of Work. It is a reliable and trustworthy
builder in Trivandrum for flats, villas and apartments.
Since its inception, the Company has been actively contributing to the
growth of Infrastructure, specifically in the development of Real Estate. With over
44 projects, SI Property has been in the business for the last 15 years, marking its
presence in the real Estate development as well as contract segment and making it
one of the leading Builders in Kerala. They have been focusing to deliver
exceptional quality constructions in order to meet the needs and desires of the
customers. They have been guided by the principles of quality control,
commitment, honesty, and professionalism. Since the beginning, the Company is
determined to the concept of no compromise in "Quality of Work". They
encompass well-trained and skilled professionals, who have been adhering to the
utmost perfection in terms of customer satisfaction, quality and time management.
The recently completed projects are Amrith Dale
Apartments in Kowdiar, Trivandrum, Horizon Park in Vellayambalam,
Trivandrum Westwind Apartment in Vellayambalam, Trivandrum, Horizon
Park in Vellayambalam, Trivandrum and Vrindavan Terrace in Idapazhanji,
Trivandrum.

3. INDUSTRIAL TRAINING
3.1. VERNA
Figure 3.1: Verna
3.1.1. Site location
The site is located at Nalanchira, Trivandrum. Trivandrum is connected via
road, air and rail to all major towns and cities in India. 3D view of Verna can be
seen in figure 3.1. It is a project by SI Property. Site Location f Verna can be seen
in figure 3.2.

Figure 3.2: Site location of Verna
3.1.2. Specifications
Flooring
Laminated wooden flooring Pergo or equivalent in master bedroom and elegant
vitrified tiles flooring for the rest of the apartment except toilets. Anti-skid
ceramic tile flooring and elegant glazed tiles for walls in toilets.
Kitchen
Granite working top with stainless steel double bowl sink. Dado above counter
tops. Exhaust fan is provided along with provision for washing machine,
refrigerator, dish washer and water purifier.
Toilets
Superior quality American standard/equivalent sanitary ware and CP fittings.
Exhaust fan is provided. Wired provision for geyser in toilets. Health faucet in
toilets. Hot and cold single lever mixer unit for head shower. Italian marble
counter top for wash basin. Mirror above wash basins. Wall hung closet in toilets.

Painting
Decorative textured paint on two selected walls inside apartment. Putty and plastic
emulsion for inside walls and ceiling. Exterior walls painted with good quality
exterior paint.
Electrical
All wiring with provision for power plugs. Lights and fans in all rooms. Points
controlled by ELCB and MCB with independent KSEB meter. Modular switches,
6/16A plug points, etc.
Doors
Teak wood entrance door and moulded internal doors with wood colour finish.
Half glazed moulded door shutter for kitchen. Aluminium frame with combination
of fixed /sliding glass panel doors for balconies.
Windows
All windows and ventilators shall be powder coated aluminium with glazed
shutters.
3.1.3. Site investigation and sub soil exploration
An investigation of site is essential for judging its suitability for the
proposed engineering works and for preparing adequate and economic designs.
Site investigation is equally necessary for analyzing the safety or causes of failure
of existing works, for selecting construction materials and for deciding upon the
construction methods to be applied. The purpose of a site investigation is to obtain
necessary information about the soil and hydrological conditions at the site and to
know the engineering properties of soil which will be affected.
The object of site exploration is to provide reliable specific and detailed
information about the soil and groundwater conditions of the site which may be
required for a safe and economic design and execution of the engineering works.
Exploration in general should be carried out to a depth up to which the increase in
pressure due to structural loading is likely to cause perceptible settlement or shear

failure. Such a depth known as signification depth, depends upon the type of
structure its weight, size, shape and disposition of the loaded areas, and the soil
profile and its properties.
3.1.4. Foundation
Pile foundation was adopted for the structure. Direct Mud circulation
method was used for pile construction. The diameter of pile was 500mm to
1000mm.The mix used for pile construction was M35.The depth of the pile was
25 m. Pile cap was formed for two, three, eighteen and twenty five group of piles.
For capping Fe 500 grade was used.Main reinforcement and stirrups are provided.
Mechanical vibrators were used.
Direct Mud Circulation Method
In direct circulation, rotary drilling fluid (water or water with additives
mud) is pumped down the drill pipe and out through the ports or jets in the drill
bit. The fluid then flows the annular space between the hole and the drill pipe
carrying cuttings in the suspension to the surface.
In DMC the circulating system consists of starting point, the mud pit,
where the drilling fluid ingredients are stored. Mixing takes place at the mud pit or
in a drum or mixer used for this purpose. After mixing or the addition of additives
the fluid is forced through pumps up to swivel and down all the way through the
drill pipe, emerging through the drill pipe itself. From there the drilling fluid
circulates through the bit, picking up debris and drill cuttings to be circulated back
up the well, travelling between the drill string and the walls of the well.
Direct Circulation is the most popular of the rotary drilling methods. The
Figure 3.3 shows direct mud circulation process. The drilling fluid mostly used in
direct circulation rotary drilling contains clay additives (bentonite) or polymer
based additives. Drilling muds remove cuttings while cooling and lubricating the
drill bit. While these three functions cooling, clearing and stabilizing are essential
for successful hole completion in water well drilling the overuse of additives can
make the removal of the drilling fluid residues more difficult during well
development.

Figure 3.3: Direct mud circulation
In DMC Pile Foundation the bentonite suspension is pumped into the
bottom of the hole through the drill rods and it overflows at the top of the casing.
The mud pump should have the capacity to maintain a velocity of 0.41 to 0.76
metres per second to float the cutting.
3.1.5. Details of work seen
3.1.5.1. Pile chipping
Top portion of piles are chipped off by about 50-60 cm to ensure that weak
concrete at top is removed. The piles were chipped manually at the site. The figure
3.4 shows pile chippings.

Figure 3.4: Pile chippings
Figure 3.5: Piles to be chipped
3.1.5.2. Pile cap
Grade of steel used for the pile cap were Fe 500 and the diameter of steel were 20
mm, 16 mm and 8 mm. Ready mix concrete were used for concreting the pile cap
and the grade of concrete were M35. Shuttering of pile cap can be seen in figure
3.6.

The concrete was batched and mixed in the ready mix concrete plant and it
was conveyed to the site by two concrete mixing trucks and an admixture named
Conplast SP430 was added to this concrete. Figure 3.7 shows the ready mix
concrete placing. It increases workability, compressive strength and retards the
setting time of concrete. The concrete was poured to the formwork using a hose
and the compaction was done by needle vibrator.
Figure 3.6: Shuttering of pile cap
Figure 3.7: Ready mix concrete placing
3.2. TANA
3.2.1. About the project Tana

It is a classy project which redefines the style of living. This project gives
rich detail and fine finishes of interiors and exteriors exhibiting unique design and
style. It is well designed home with landscaped garden and panoramic views. It is
a multi-storeyed apartment for elite class, with varying sizes of 2760, 2170, 1670
sq feet. Each flat costs ranging from 80 lakh to 1.1 crore. 3D view of Tana can be
seen in figure 3.8.
Figure 3.8: Tana
3.2.2. Site location
The site is located at Ambalamukku, Trivandrum. The site Tana is also a
project of SI Property.The site location of Tana can be seen in figure 3.9.

Figure 3.9: Site location of Tana
3.2.3. Specifications
Foundation
Raft footing as per the recommendations of structural consultant.
Structure
RCC framed structure conforming to IS 456, 1893 for earthquake resistance.
Painting
Emulsion paint over putty finish for internal walls. Two coat distember for
ceiling. Exterior emulsion for external walls. Enamel paint for doors.
Flooring
Light coloured vitrified tiles for all rooms except balcony, work area and toilet.
Antiskid ceramic tiles for toilet and work area. Ceramic tiles for balcony.
Toilets
White sanitary ware, glazed tiles on wall up to a height of 2.1 m.
Kitchen

Polished granite slab for kitchen counter with single bowl stainless steel sink with
drain board. Glazed wall tiles up to a height of 40 cm above the kitchen counter.
Work area
Granite counter with single bowl sink and glazed wall tiles up to a height of
40cm.
Doors
Decorative ornamental polished teak wood entrance door and painted flush doors
and toilets.
Windows
Fully glazed powder coated aluminum windows with MS grills.
Plastering
Plastered internal and external walls POP cornice work shall be provided in
living, dining and master bed room at the wall and ceiling joint.
3.2.4. Mix design details
For columns M40 mix was used. The proportion used was1:1.22:2.70 and
the water/cement ratio used was 0.38.For 50 kg cement, fine aggregate used was
61 kg. Coarse aggregate used was 81 kg for 20 mm and 54 kg for 12mm.
Admixture used was conplast SP430
For beam, slab, retaining wall, raft the proportion used was 1:1.64:3.22
and the water/cement ratio used was 0.3. For 50 kg cement, fine aggregate used
was 82 kg. Coarse aggregate used was 161 kg for 20 mm. Admixture used was
conplast SP430.
3.2.5. Foundation
Raft foundation was adopted for the structure. The depth of the raft
foundation was 75 cm and the grade of concrete used was M30. Ready mix
concrete of water cement ratio 0.3 was used for the foundation. About 258 m3
of
concrete and 27 tone steel was used there. The diameters of steel used there was
25 mm, 20 mm and 16 mm which were of grade 500.

3.2.6. Details of work seen
3.2.6.1. Columns
The columns were rectangular in cross section. The sizes of the columns
were varying according to the load condition. The height of the column was 275
cm. Fe 500 steel grade was used for construction of columns. Reinforcements in
the column were varying and it gets reduced as the level of the floor increases.
The clear cover for the main reinforcements was 40 mm. All over laps were 55
times diameters of the bar. For column concreting wooden shutters were used and
the mx used was M40.Water cement ratio was 0.3. Figure 3.10 shows column
reinforcement.
Figure 3.10: Column reinforcement
3.2.6.2. Slab and beam
Beams are used to carry the upcoming loads and to support the slab.
Beams transfer the load through the foundation. Fe 500 grade were used for the
construction of beam and slab. Concrete mix was used for the construction of
beam and slabs. The floor was designed for a live load of 2 KN/sqm. Maximum
water cement ratio was limited to 0.42. Clear cover of 15 mm was used for slabs.
For slabs alternate bars were cranked up to 1/5th span unless specified. Slab
reinforcement can be seen in Figure 3.11.

Figure 3.11: Slab reinforcement
3.2.7. Amenities provided
 CCTV in lobbies for security
 Biometric entry for entrance lobby
 Fitness centre
 Wi-Fi
 Video door phone
 Stretcher Lift
 Roof top party area
 Cable TV
 Kid’s play area
 Guest suite
 Association room
 Ample parking space
3.2.8. Safety precautions
The company has observed various safety norms as per ISO standards and
a safety office present in the construction site. Figure 3.12 shows safety net used
during building construction.

Figure 3.12: Safety net in building construction
3.3. BUILDING MATERIALS IN GIE ASTERIA
3.3.1. GIE Asteria
It is a 17 storeyed flat at Trivandrum. We visited GIE Asteria to
familiarize certain new building materials like siporex blocks, weber glue and
fibre glass mesh. 3D view of GIE Asteria is shown in figure 3.13.
Figure 3.13: GIE Asteria

3.3.2. Siporex block
Siporex block is a lightweight, precast building material that
simultaneously provides structure, insulation, and fire and mold resistance. It is a
unique and excellent type of building materials due to its super heat, fire and
sound resistance. This blocks are lightweight and offers ultimate workability,
flexibility and durability. A Siporex block can be seen in figure 3.14.
Siporex block has excellent thermal insulation and acoustic absorption
properties. It is fire and pest resistant, and is economically and environmentally
superior to the more traditional structural building materials such as concrete,
wood, brick and stone. The figure 3.15 shows Siporex block masonry.
Figure 3.14: Siporex block
3.3.2.1. Advantages of Siporex
 More carpet area is available in the same built up area due to lesser widths
of walling and cladding with Siporex blocks of 200 mm, 150 mm & 100
mm as against 350 mm, 230 mm & 115 mm in case of conventional brick
masonry.
 Fast returns on investment due to speedy construction.
 Saving in cement, steel construction supervision cost, construction time,
water requirements for construction, timber required for centring
/shuttering etc.

 Uniform quality due to mass production in the factory.
 Due to high insulation properties of siporex blocks, there will be
substantial saving in installation and recurring cost of air conditioning
units.
 Siporex blocks are wire cut & are having plain surface. In view of this, the
plaster for internal walls is not required. Directly putty & painting can be
done, saving the plastering cost. However, external plastering is
recommended for siporex blocks.
Figure 6.2: Siporex block masonry
3.3.3. Weber glue
Weber glue is a polymer modified glue used instead of mortar. It resist
mechanical stress and has an outstanding bonding effect. It is also water resistant.
It is an epoxy adhesive which consists of three components, namely cement,
siliceous sand and additives. It can be used for heavy duty, chemical resistant
adhesive for fixing tile, stone of small and large format on wall and floor on metal
surfaces on ceilings and elevated structures.
Here weber glue was used instead of mortar, as the siporex blocks may
absorb the water in the mortar because of its water absorption capacity and results
in the failure of structure.

3.3.4. Fiber glass mesh
Fiber glass mesh is a neatly woven, crisscross pattern of fiber glass
thread which helps in sealing and preventing the wall cracks. Fiber glass mesh can
be seen in figure 3.16 and 3.17. Some of their features are:
 Improves the mechanical strength
 Anti-corrosion
 Light weight
 Resistance to alkalis
 Protects the surface from cracking
 High resistance to stretching and tearing
Figure 3.16: Fiber glass mesh
Figure 3.17: Plastering over fiber glass mesh

4. CONCLUSION
The knowledge acquired by any civil engineering students from classroom
and textbooks are inadequate to put into practical use. The industrial visit is an apt
method to get practical knowledge. Industrial visit, though of short duration
helped us to understand the various difficulties at job environment, the methods to
tackle it and their subsequent result.
We got an idea about the construction of pile foundation and its
reinforcement. We also got an idea on the construction of column, beam, slab etc.
It was really a great opportunity for us to knew about certain new building
materials. We hope this industrial training will help us in our future and as well in
our studies.

REFERENCE
[1] Brochure of Verna
[2] Brochure of Tana
[3] Brochure of GIE Asteria

Construction Of Multistoreyed Building

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