Industrial Training Report on Residential and Commercial Construction Project

REPORT
ON
INDUSTRIAL TRAINING
RAVI KUMAR
9533
CIVIL ENGINEERING
2019-2020
Project In-charge:
Er. DEEPAK RANA
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
CIVIL ENGINEERING
CENTRAL UNIVERSITY OF HARYANA
MAHENDERGARH, HARYANA-123029

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INDEX
TITLE PAGE NO.
1. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ……………………… 2
2. PROJECT INTRODUCTION …………………… 7
3. PROJECT DETAILS …………………………… 13
4. PROJECT ORGANIZATION CHART ………… 19
5. BASIC STEPS OF CONSTRUCTION …………. 21
6. MACHINERY USED AT SITE &
DIFFERENT PRACTICES USED ……………… 29
7. QUANTITY ESTIMATIONS …………………… 52
8. QUALITY CONTROL TESTS …………………. 61

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I take this opportunity to extend my gratitude to ARETE INDIA
PROJECT PVT LTD for having provided me with an
unbelievable practical learning experience during the Industrial
Training. It was indeed a pleasure to be a part of such an
organization.
First and foremost, I would like to thank Mr. D.P. JAISWAL,
Manager - Projects and special thanks to Mr. GANESH,
Engineer - Projects and Mr. V.D. METHA, Junior Engineer -
Projects, who support me through inspiring towards this report. He
had provided me with nice industrial experience.
Secondly, I am no less grateful to the other employees and
members of the department for their kind co-operation and
spontaneous response.
Last but not least; I express my gratitude toward my family
members, my teachers and college friends for their kind co-
operation and encouragement which help me in completion of this
training.
Thankyou
RAVI KUMAR
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
CENTRAL UNIVERSITY OF HARYANA

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ABOUT THE ORGANIZATION
• ARETE is a Loyal, Reliable, Innovative, Transparent, Dedicated,
Ethical, Creative & Customer centric Approach towards work.
• As an organisation with over 20 years of expertise in real estate
investment & development, we have several successful projects
credited to our name, borne as a result of an immense amount of
trust and support, vested upon our organisation by clients. We are
thankful to each and every one for their support.
• Having brought together seasoned industry experts from various
professional domains, we are harnessing collective knowledge &
skill to generate significantly sustainable productivity, towards a
set of established objectives that aim to achieve benefits and
growth for an entire community including- our customers,
employees, associates, and the realm of construction and
architecture in the Indian market. Our Ambition lies in perpetually
creating an amalgam of innovation, technology and quality, to
drive customer satisfaction; through solutions that are also
intuitively eco-conscious.
• We believe in putting in an extra one-degree effort because it is
that one degree that makes all the difference, turning hot water into
steam which powers a locomotive. We take immense pride in our
work, as it is driven by objectives rooted in our core-values i.e.
honesty, transparency, loyalty, consistency and reliability.

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➢ MISSION:
• Our Mission is to be the most trusted Developer-Builder firm
across all segments of the Indian population; and for our name to
resonate with Customer centric, Ethical, Fast, Transparent and
Reliable; as we persistently deliver ambitious work & ace service.
• It is all about you, our customers, who are the ultimate benefactors
of all our efforts. As we evolve, we will seek to perfect and
maintain a standard- that of undisputed credibility, unquestionable
integrity, impeccable customer-service and visible transparency in
processes & interactions across hierarchies in our work flow.
• We want to be known as an organisation that actually builds
experiences rather than mere spaces.
• We aim to be the first obvious choice for all value-inclined
customers.
➢ VISION:
The roadmap to our Mission is a challenging one but we are
ardently determined to reach our destination. Our vision is to take
forward leaps in our journey, steadily accelerating our progress by
working on a set of goals.
Customer-Relations: We will win adulation from an immense
customer base by delivering on every commitment.
Productivity: Cultivate high performance cultures within our
teams by nurturing employees to reach their full potential and by
executing lean planning and management.

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Portfolio: Diversify and expand our portfolio to cover a range of
projects aiming at lifestyle improvement through design and global
earth initiatives.
Research: Invest in research to be up to date with latest,
contemporary and unconventional materials & building
techniques, sparking creativity in innovation and adoption.
Industry Relations: Create a healthy network with other
professionals in the industry for different possibilities of
collaboration.
Community Outreach: Engage with local communities and
discuss global perspectives to encourage dialogue, and be
responsible citizens truly serving the society in our capacity, by
identifying critical needs.
➢ PROJECT AUDIT CONSULTANT:
On behalf of Clients, Arete
acts and coordinate with all
Consultant’s Team
(Architect, Consultant, etc)
& upcoming Contractors /
Vendors (as required) as
Independent Consultant and
to take the Project further.

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➢ DESIGN & DETAIL ENGINEERING:
Based on the customized requirements of the Clients, Arete takes
the responsibility of Design (Architecture, Interior, Structure &
Services) & Build the Project and handover to Client for their
further uses.
➢ QUALITY & SAFETY AUDITS:
Arete offers the Quality & Safety Monitoring/Audit Services to
help the Project for Best Quality as per the Engineering Practices
and Applicable norms & Standards. Arete adopts its SOP’s for
this purpose.

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INTRODUCTION
The basics need of human existences are food, clothing & shelter.
From times immemorial man has been making efforts in
improving their standard of living. The point of his efforts has
been to provide an economic and efficient shelter. The possession
of shelter besides being a basic, used, gives a feeling of security,
responsibility and show the social status of man.
Every human being has an inherent liking for a peaceful
environment needed for his pleasant living, this object is achieved
by having a place of living situated at a safe and convenient
location, such a place for a comfortable and pleasant living
requires considered and kept in view.
• A Peaceful environment.
• Safety from all-natural source & climate conditions
• General facilities for the community of his residential area.
The engineer has to keep in mind the municipal conditions,
building bye-laws, environment, financial capacity, water supply,
sewage arrangement, provision of future, aeration, ventilation etc.,
in suggestion a particular type of plan to any client.

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PROPOSED – PROJECT
→ RESIDENTIAL BUILDING:
→ COMMERCIAL BUILDING:

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DETAILS
Project Name: Imperia Aashiyara and contract for the construction
of this multi-storied residential and commercial finished building is
awarded to ARETE INDIA PVT. LTD.
➢ No. of Towers- 26
➢ No. of Flats- 1136
➢ Construction period - 48 months
➢ Type of contract - Item Rate
➢ Architect Consultant- Maβas Architecture, Interiors, Planning
➢ Estimated project cost - 100 crores approx.
➢ Agency – ARETE INDIA PROJECT PVT. LTD.
➢ Client name – APEX BUILDWELL PVT. LTD.
• Our Homes is an affordable residential project under the Haryana
Government Affordable Housing Scheme. Despite the vast multitude
of dwellings, each apartment nestled within the 26 towers has been
carefully devised to ensure attention to detail while ensuring ample
light and ventilation in each unit.

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• Each apartment has been designed to ensure maximum comfort and leisure
for every member of the family.
• Aesthetically and efficiently planned, these homes are spacious and
contemporary.
• Excellent location and superior connectivity.
• The project offers a great value proposition for both the purposes,
residence as well as investment.
• The complex comes equipped with all basic amenities needed for a modern
lifestyle like round-the-clock security and commercial for daily shopping
needs.
➢ LOCATION:
The noteworthy aspect of the strategic location at sector – 37C, Gurgaon
is that it serves as an immediate link to all the important business,
commercial and institutional hubs of Delhi & NCR including the Dwarka
Expressway and proposed Metro Station (walking distance only). The
layout plan rests amid 84-meter-wide roads and lush green landscape
Our Homes is in close proximity to NH-8 and the upcoming 150-metre-
wide Northern Periphery Road (Dwarka Expressway) which is stated to
be the country’s widest expressway. The project’s superior location
ensures excellent connectivity and access to the International Airport,
Dwarka and all the focal points of the National Capital Region.
• 3 kms from NH8
• 15 minutes away from MG road.
• Multiple connectivity paths to NH8, KMP Expressway, Metro & ISBT

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• Centrally located with multiple schools/colleges, hospitals and
employment opportunities in close proximity.
• Recreational options like the Sultanpur Bird Sanctuary in the vicinity.
• Nearest to Dwarka Expressway, just 800 meters away from project
location.
• Airport: 15.0 Kms | Railway Station: 5.0 Kms | Hospital: 3.0 Kms |
Key Landmarks: Near to petrol pump of Pataudi Road sec-37C,
Gurgaon.
➢ Google Location:
https://www.google.com/maps/place/apex+shopping+complex/@28.4481127,76.9
808003,17z/data=!4m12!1m6!3m5!1s0x390d17bdb13de137:0xd46056edf7090b5
b!2sNarayana+e+techno+School,+Sector+37C,+Gurgaon!8m2!3d28.448108!4d76
.982989!3m4!1s0x390d17bc49faea93:0xa0e864f1dcfa85fe!8m2!3d28.4475509!4
d76.9840685

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❖ KEY FEATURES:
• Affordable housing Project by Imperia Group.
• 5 Acres of land with 50% open Area
• 0 Maintenance for 5 years after possession.
• Home loan up to 90%
• High quality finishes and fittings
• Excellent workmanship that lasts for years
• High quality doors and windows
• Kitchen that will make you proud
• Provision of power and water back-up
• State of the art contemporary construction and architecture
• Well ventilated apartments with abundant natural lights
• Exclusive Children and crèche area

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❖ AMMINETIES:
• OUTDOOR GYM
• LEISURE COURT
• YOGA & MEDITATION LAWN
• JOGGING TRACK
• MULTI PURPOSE EVENT LAWN
• CHILDERN PLAY AREA
• PARENT’S SITOUT
• SKATING RINK
• PARTY LAWN
• PALM COURT
• WELCOME PLAZA
• COMMERCIAL PLAZA
• RETAIL
• POOL
• BARBEQUE
• MINI HALF BASKETBALL COURT
• CRICKET PITCH
• TENNIS COURT

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❖ PRICE LIST:
TYPE CARPET
AREA
(sq. ft.)
BALCONY
AREA
(sq. ft.)
COST BOOKING
AMOUNT
(5%)
2 BHK (A) 578.55 90.15 23,59,275 117,964
2 BHK (B) 548.92 76.66 22,34,010 111,701

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❖ FLOOR PLAN:
1. 2 BHK (A)
2. 2 BHK (B)

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❖ CONSTRUCTION STEPS INVOLVED IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION:
1. Site Clearance
2. Surveying and layout
3. Excavation
4. Laying of PCC
5. Waterproofing
6. Bar binding and placement of foundation steel
7. Concreting
8. Electrical & Plumbing
9. Wall construction
10. Beam and Columns
11. Plastering
12. Flooring & Tiling work
13. Finishing and whitewashing
14. Final completion & handling over the project
1. SITE CLEARANCE
A no of conditions determines the kind of building that may be erected on
a plot of ground. These conditions determine where on the plot it may be
located. There are also covenants that are legally binding regulations.
These may be setting height of building, prohibit utility of buildings or
ban rooftop network towers etc. Zoning laws regulate the setback and
other factors that play into equation of house location a lot. Septic tanks
also require special considerations and a certificate of occupancy is also
required for some loaning and legal processes.

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2. SURVEYING AND LAYOUT
Survey is the first step done in any construction site so as to get the required
level of surface. It is also used in level transferrin during construction of
retaining wall.
Generally, at site survey is carried out by following two instruments:
1. Total station
2. Auto level
1.Total Station:
A total station is an electronic/optical instrument used in modern surveying
and building construction. The total station is an electronic theodolite
(transit) integrated with an electronic distance meter (EDM) to read slope
distances from the instrument to a particular point. By this instrument we
can measure Angle, Distance, Coordinate and also Data Processing.
Advantages:
The following are some of the major advantages of using total station over the
conventional surveying instruments
1. Field work is carried out very fast.
2. Accuracy of measurement is high.
3. Manual errors involved in reading and recording are eliminated.
4. Calculation of coordinates is very fast and accurate. Even corrections for
temperature and pressure are automatically made.
5. Computers can be employed for map making and plotting contour and S
Cross sections. Contour intervals and scales can be changed in no time.

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2. Auto level:
It is a levelling instrument which was on site checking the elevations of various
points. Auto level is a modified form of dumpy level. We used auto level to
transfer the level of ground to retaining wall and setting thickness of slab in
which first of all marking was made to fix the level of particular elevations
then casting of slabs was performed.
Transferring of surface level to retaining wall:
1. Set the auto level at the building floor level.
2. Level the instrument.
3. Take the staff reading at point also on floor level surface.
4. Locate the staff on the formwork of retaining wall and adjust the staff in
such a way so that reading of staff is same as staff reading in step 3.
3. EXCAVATION:
Excavation work on the site was
being done by the JCB Machines
and excavated soil was transferred
using dumpers.
Following measures should be
prevented while excavation work.
1. There should be proper
Timbering while excavation for
basement area.
2. Dewatering should be done
before construction work.

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4. LAYING OF PCC:
Plain Cement Concrete of M15 grade (thickness of 100mm) are
mandatorily placed on a ground/soil stratum, to give a firm, clean base for
placing reinforcement cage, as we start building the foundation of an RCC
structure.
It also helps in the following ways:
1. Required cover to bottom
reinforcement is ensured, as cover
blocks rest on a firm PCC.
2. The effective depth of RCC
members is achieved as the
formworks can be easily, uniformly
and sturdily fixed, resulting in
better dimension accuracy of
foundation RCC member.
3. Reinforcement steel placed on a
PCC, are never in touch with
ground soil, which may be
chemically active may lead steel
corrosion in immediate future
(when in contact with ground soil)
4. Ease placement of steel cage and increase productivity.
5. Concrete doesn’t bond with ground soil (clay), PCC acts a barrier to
soil and bond well to overlaid structural grade concrete.

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5. WATERPROOFING:
Waterproofing in buildings is the
formation of an impervious barrier
over surfaces of foundations,
roofs, walls and other structural
members of building to prevent
water penetrations through these
surfaces. The building surfaces are
made water-resistant and
sometimes waterproof.
Methodology: -
1.The top surface of PCC to be cleaned.
2.Mortar (cement: River sand =1:3) + Fosroc conplast WL (admixture
25.35ml)
3.The thickness of Shahabad stone = 25 mm
4.The Groove between stones =15 mm
5.Grouting to be done with the help of cement & waterproofing
compound as well as 6 mm metal after passing through the sieve.
6.Coating to be done over tiles after 3 days of grouting with 1:3
mortar of 20-25 mm thick.
- At least 3 days curing is required.

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6. FOUNDATION:
Footings are strips of concrete or filled concrete blocks placed
under foundation wall. Gravel or crushed stone footings may
also be used. The purpose of footing is to transfer the loads
safely in the ground.
Generally, in high rise buildings three types of footings are
provided
1. Isolated Footing
2. Combined footing
3. Raft footing or Mat footing
7. CONCRETING:
After shuttering and scaffolding concreting should be done.
During concreting following
equipment’s are used: -
1. Concrete mixer.
2. Mounted concrete pump.
3. Concrete vibrators (e.g. Needle
vibrator, plate/ surface vibrator etc)

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8. WALL CONSTRUCTION:
In framed structure generally brick walls are constructed for
partition purpose and half brick walls are made. But at the site
no wall was constructed with brick because it was a high-rise
building. All the walls were constructed as RCC wall because
these acts as a shear wall and provide horizontal stability to
building and reduces the deflection.

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❖ DIFFERENT TYPE OF MACHINES ON THE SITE:
a) Backhoe:
A backhoe also called rear actor or back actor
is a type of excavating equipment, or digger,
consisting of a digging bucket on the end of a
two-part articulated arm. It is typically mounted
on the back of a tractor or front loader, the
latter forming a 'backhoe loader.
b)Transit mixture:
Transit mixer is a piece of equipment
that is used for transporting concrete/
mortar or ready-mix material from a
concrete batching plant directly to the site
where it is to be utilized. Transit mixer is
loaded with dry material and water.
•It contains 5m3
concrete at a time.
c) Electrical driven needle vibrator:
A vibrator is a mechanical device to
generate vibrations. The vibration is often
generated by an electric motor with an
unbalanced mass on its driveshaft.
- It is of many sizes like 60mm, 25mm
etc.

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d) Batching plan:
A concrete plant, also known as a batch
plant or batching plant or a concrete
batching plant, is equipment that combines
various ingredients to form concrete. Some
of these inputs include water, air,
admixtures, sand, aggregate, fly ash, silica
fume, slag, and cement.
❖ capacity of one batch of batching plant
is - 0.5m3
e) Concrete pump:
A concrete pump is a machine used for transferring liquid concrete by
pumping.
There are two types of concrete pumps:
❖ The first type of concrete pump is
attached to a truck or longer units are
on semi-trailers.
❖ The second main type of concrete
pump is either mounted on a truck or
placed on a trailer, and it is commonly
referred to as a line pump or trailer-
mounted concrete pump.

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• It is working on the principle of air compression.
• The inner diameter of the concrete pump is 120mm & outer diameter is
approx. 150mm
• It will pump the concrete 150m horizontal & vertical.
• After concreting the concrete pipe is cleaned by passing a rubber spung
through the pipe using water pressure behind it.
f)Bending machine:
A bending machine is a forming
machine tool. Its purpose is to assemble
a bend on a workpiece. A bends is
manufactured by using a bending tool
during a linear or rotating move.
g) Cutting machine:
A cutting machine is a machine
used for cutting the reinforcement
in different sizes according to their
use.

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❖ DIFFERENT PRACTICES USED AT SITE:
1. Personal protective equipment:
Personal protective equipment is protective clothing, helmets,
goggles, or other garments or equipment designed to protect the
wearer's body from injury or infection. The hazards addressed by
protective equipment include physical, electrical, heat, chemicals,
biohazards, and airborne particulate matter.

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• Why is PPE important?
→ Making the workplace safe includes providing instructions,
procedures, training and supervision to encourage people to work
safely and responsibly.
→ Even where engineering controls and safe systems of work have
been applied, some hazards might remain. These include injuries
to:
• the lungs, e.g. from breathing in contaminated air
• the head and feet, e.g. from falling materials
• the eyes, e.g. from flying particles or splashes of corrosive liquids
• the skin, e.g. from contact with corrosive materials
• the body, e.g. from extremes of heat or cold
→PPE is needed in these cases to reduce the risk.

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2. Dimension of concrete pipe:
Length of pipe = 3 m , 2m, 1m
Inner diameter of pipe = 120 mm
Outer diameter of pipe = 150 mm
• It will pump the concrete 150m horizontal & vertical.

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➢Find out the quantity of concrete in the concrete pipe:
Total length of concrete pipe to pump the concrete = 40m
Inner diameter of the concrete pipe = 120mm
Volume of concrete into the pipe ( 𝑉) = 𝜋𝑟2
ℎ
= π× (0.06)2
(40)
= 0.144m3
→ Least count:
• Staff = 5mm
• Measuring tape = 1mm

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3. Cover block:
A cover block is essentially a spacer
that is used to lift the rebar matrix
off the ground so that concrete may
flow underneath the rebar. In order
to prevent corrosion of the rebar, it
needs to be fully embedded in
concrete.
➢ Why cover blocks are Used in reinforcement?
1. To maintain a specified distance
between the rebar and the
shuttering.
2.To protect the steel
reinforcement
bars from environmental
effects to
prevent their corrosion.
3. To provide thermal insulation,
which
protects the reinforcement bars
from
fire.
4. To give reinforcing bars sufficient
embedding to enable them to be stressed without slipping.

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4. Tie rod:
A tie rod is a slender structural unit
used as a tie and (in most applications)
capable of carrying tensile loads only.
• The rod contains ribs on its entire
surface to tightened the tie.
• It is used to hold the shuttering on its
place during concreting.
• Length of rod = 1100mm
• Diameter of rod = 15mm
5. Conduit:
This is a hollow PVC pipe used in
the shuttering to hold the shuttering
when tie rod is passed through it.
• Length of conduit = 350mm
• Diameter of conduit = 25mm
• After DE shuttering the PVC conduit is filled with cement mortar
& waterproofing agent.

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6. Safety net:
A safety net is a net to protect people from injury after falling from
heights by limiting the distance they fall, and deflecting to
dissipate the impact energy. The term also refers to devices for
arresting falling or flying objects for the safety of people beyond or
below the net. Safety nets are used in construction, building
maintenance, entertainment, or other industries.

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7. Anchor holes:
These are the holes done on the upper
side of concrete so that the next
concreting on the same wall get a better
bonding with the previous wall
concrete.
8. Density of different material at site:

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9. Tool box talk (TBT):
A Toolbox Talk is an informal group discussion that focuses on a
particular safety issue. These tools can be used daily to promote
department safety culture as well as to facilitate health and safety
discussions on job sites.

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• Why TBT is necessary:
1) Stronger Safety Awareness
2) Better Compliance
3) Fewer Injuries
4) Better Engagement
5) Takes the Pulse of Workforce
6) Provide Timely Refreshers on Training
7) Discuss New Hazards
8) Address Small Issues Before They Grow
9) Demonstrate that Safety is #1 Priority
• 6 Keys to a Successful Toolbox Talk:
1) Keep it short. Toolbox talks should be around 5 – 10 minutes.
2) Focus on one topic relevant to the work being done that day.
3) Get workers involved by asking questions or having them
demonstrate safe work practices.
4) Be sure to cover changes to the site or working conditions.
5) Have employees inspect tools, equipment and PPE.
6) Allow for questions and answers at the end of the toolbox talk.

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10. Tape measurement:
2.54cm = 25mm = approx. (1 inch)
12 inch = 1 feet
30.48cm = 1 feet
1m = 3.28 feet
1 sq. inch = 6.45 cm2
1 sq. feet = 0.093 m2
1 cu. inch = 16.39 cm3
1 cu. feet = 0.028 m3
1 H.P = 746 Watt
1 m/sec = 197 feet/min.
1 sq. feet = 144 sq. inch
1 acre = 43,560 sq. feet
1 hectare = 2.47 sq. feet
1 sq. meter = 10.76 sq. feet

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11. Rebar Coupler`s:
Rebar couplers are used in
reinforced concrete structures to
replace normal rebar lap joints.
The couplers are also suitable for
use in reinforced concrete columns
and walls. Each rebar coupler
consists of a piece of rebar
equipped with a thread and coupler
sleeve at the right end as viewed in
the direction of installation. In
construction joints, rebar couplers
can be used to replace all pieces of
rebar going through the formwork.
Fig: Coupler

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12. Plumb Bob:
• A plumb bob, or plummet, is a
weight, usually with a pointed tip
on the bottom, suspended from a
string and used as a vertical
reference line, or plumb-line. It is
essentially the vertical equivalent
of a "water level".
•The instrument has been used since
at least the time of ancient Egypt to
ensure that constructions are
"plumb", or vertical. It is also used
in surveying, to establish the nadir
with respect to gravity of a point in
space. It is used with a variety of
instruments (including levels,
theodolites, and steel tapes) to set
the instrument exactly over a fixed survey marker or to transcribe
positions onto the ground for placing a marker.

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13. MS-PROP:
The vertical Bamboo like structures which support the
Formwork are called props.
• They provide support to slab
when Tons of concrete is
poured over the Form Work.
They also provide support to
the slab after concreting is
finished and the Concrete is not
yet ready to take the
SELF LOAD.
• Props can be made of Solid
wood, Steel/Iron, Aluminium.
And NO, Bamboo cannot be
used as Props.
Fig: MS-PROP

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14. SPAN:
It is a horizontal type mild steel structure used in setup of
shuttering for load distribution at a long path.
• Its length is nearly equal to 5 meters.
Fig: SPAN

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15. Threading Process:
Threading is the process of
creating a screw thread. More
screw threads are produced each
year than any other machine
element. There are many methods
of generating threads, including
subtractive methods; deformative
or transformative methods;
additive methods;
Fig: Threading Machine
16. Sikanja:
It is a mild steel element
used at construction site, for
holding the shuttering at a
proper distance and it resist
the movement of shuttering
during concreting.
Fig: Sikanja

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17. De - shuttering Time:
Type of Formwork Formwork Removal Time
i) Sides of Walls, Columns and Vertical faces of
beam
24 hours to 48 hours (as per engineer’s
decision)
ii) Slabs (props left under) 7 days
iii) soffits (props left under) 14 – 28 days
Removal of Props of Slabs:
i) Slabs spanning up to 4.5m 7 days
ii) Slabs spanning over 4.5m 14 days
Removal of props for beams and arches
i) Span up to 6m 14 days
ii) Span over 6m 21 days

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18. TYPES OF HELMETS:
a) WHITE: - for Engineers, Managers
b)BLUE: - for Electricians, Carpenters and Technical operators
c) RED - for Fire Fighters
d)GREEN: - for Safety Officers

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e) GRAY: - for Site Visitors
f) PURPLE: - for Supervisors
g) YELLOW: - for Labourers and Earth Moving Operators
h)BROWN: - for Welders and Workers with High Heat Application

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AREA ESTIMATION
• Estimation of single Flat Area:
MEASUREMENT OF SINGLE FLAT AREA (2BHK)
Sr.
No.
Description of
Items
Unit
MEASUREMENT IN METER TOTAL
AREA
(Sq.
meter)
Nos. Length Breadth Area
1 LOBBY& DINING Sq.m 1 5.07 3.32 16.83 16.83
2 BEDROOM 01 Sq.m 1 3.20 3.00 9.60 9.60
3 BEDROOM 02 Sq.m 1 4.13 3.00 12.39 12.39
4 TOILET 01 Sq.m 2 2.10 1.40 5.88 5.88
5 BALCONY 01 Sq.m 1 2.07 1.80 3.72 3.72
6 BALCONY 02 Sq.m 1 2.48 1.20 2.98 2.98
7 KITCHEN Sq.m 1 3.00 1.95 5.85 5.85
8 FREE SPACE Sq.m 1 2.45 1.90 4.66 4.66
TOTAL 61.90

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• Estimation of complete Floor Area:

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MEASUREMENT OF COMPLETE AREA ON A FLOOR
Sr.
No.
Description
of Items
Unit
MEASUREMENT IN METER TOTAL
AREA
(Sq.meter)Nos.
Approx.
Length
Approx.
Breadth
Area
1 ALL FLATS sq.m 4 7.86 7.86 247.12 247.12
2 LIFT PIT sq.m 2 3.09 1.81 11.14 11.14
3 STAIRS CASE sq.m 2 4.25 2.98 25.33 25.33
4 SERVICE LINE sq.m 2 1.62 1.06 3.42 3.42
5 LOBBY sq.m 1 4.27 2.75 11.73 11.73
TOTAL 298.74
• The area can be easily converted in sq. feet by multiplying
the area by 3.28 X 3.28. = 10.764
• Total area in sq. feet = Total area in sq. meter X 10.764
= 299 X 10.764
= 3217.24 sq. feet
~ 3217 sq. feet

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❖ ESTIMATION OF CONCRETE USED IN BEAMS

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Measurement sheet of club House - Tie Beams
Sr.
No.
Description
of Items
Unit
MEASUREMENT IN METER
Quantity
Total
Quantity
(Cu.m)
GRADE
Nos. Length Breadth Depth
Tie Beams
1 1,2 CUM 1 6.250 0.230 0.300 0.43 0.43 M20
2 1,5 CUM 1 4.235 0.230 0.300 0.29 0.29 M20
3 2,6 CUM 1 4.765 0.230 0.300 0.33 0.33 M20
4 3,4 CUM 1 2.610 0.230 0.300 0.18 0.18 M20
5 3,7 CUM 1 4.870 0.230 0.300 0.34 0.34 M20
6 4,1 CUM 1 4.370 0.230 0.300 0.30 0.30 M20
7 5,6 CUM 1 6.700 0.230 0.300 0.46 0.46 M20
8 5,11 CUM 1 4.386 0.230 0.300 0.30 0.30 M20
9 6,12 CUM 1 4.245 0.230 0.300 0.29 0.29 M20
10 7,8 CUM 1 3.260 0.230 0.300 0.22 0.22 M20
11 7,9 CUM 1 3.350 0.230 0.300 0.23 0.23 M20
12 8,5 CUM 1 3.200 0.230 0.300 0.22 0.22 M20
13 8,10 CUM 1 3.350 0.230 0.300 0.23 0.23 M20
14 9,10 CUM 1 3.400 0.230 0.300 0.23 0.23 M20
15 9,13 CUM 1 3.682 0.230 0.300 0.25 0.25 M20
16 10,11 CUM 1 3.200 0.230 0.300 0.22 0.22 M20
17 11,12 CUM 1 6.700 0.230 0.300 0.46 0.46 M20
18 13,14 CUM 1 5.410 0.230 0.300 0.37 0.37 M20
19 13,15 CUM 1 2.610 0.230 0.300 0.18 0.18 M20
20 14,16 CUM 1 2.610 0.230 0.300 0.18 0.18 M20
21 15,16 CUM 1 5.410 0.230 0.300 0.37 0.37 M20
Total 6.11

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❖ESTIMATION OF CONCRETE USED IN COLUMNS
Nos. Length Breadth
Height/
Depth
Club House - Columns -
Plinth-1st Slab
1 C1 CUM 1 0.230 0.680 2.350 0.37 0.37 M25
2 C2 CUM 1 0.230 0.680 2.350 0.37 0.37 M25
3 C3 CUM 1 0.230 0.450 2.350 0.24 0.24 M25
4 C4 CUM 1 0.230 0.450 2.350 0.24 0.24 M25
5 C5 CUM 1 0.230 0.680 2.350 0.37 0.37 M25
6 C6 CUM 1 0.230 0.600 2.350 0.32 0.32 M25
7 C7 CUM 1 0.230 0.600 2.350 0.32 0.32 M25
8 C8 CUM 1 0.230 0.600 2.350 0.32 0.32 M25
9 C9 CUM 1 0.230 0.530 2.350 0.29 0.29 M25
10 C10 CUM 1 0.230 0.530 2.350 0.29 0.29 M25
11 C11 CUM 1 0.230 0.680 2.350 0.37 0.37 M25
12 C12 CUM 1 0.230 0.600 2.350 0.32 0.32 M25
13 C13 CUM 1 0.230 0.600 2.350 0.32 0.32 M25
14 C14 CUM 1 0.300 0.450 2.350 0.32 0.32 M25
15 C15 CUM 1 0.230 0.450 2.350 0.24 0.24 M25
16 C16 CUM 1 0.230 0.450 2.350 0.24 0.24 M25
Club House Columns-
1st Slab-2nd Slab
Total 4.95
1 C1 CUM 1 0.230 0.600 3.500 0.48 0.48 M25
2 C2 CUM 1 0.230 0.600 3.500 0.48 0.48 M25
3 C3 CUM 1 0.230 0.450 3.500 0.36 0.36 M25
4 C4 CUM 1 0.230 0.450 3.500 0.36 0.36 M25
5 C5 CUM 1 0.230 0.600 3.500 0.48 0.48 M25
6 C6 CUM 1 0.230 0.530 3.500 0.43 0.43 M25
7 C7 CUM 1 0.230 0.530 3.500 0.43 0.43 M25
8 C8 CUM 1 0.230 0.530 3.500 0.43 0.43 M25
9 C9 CUM 1 0.230 0.530 3.500 0.43 0.43 M25
10 C10 CUM 1 0.230 0.530 3.500 0.43 0.43 M25
11 C11 CUM 1 0.230 0.600 3.500 0.48 0.48 M25
12 C12 CUM 1 0.230 0.530 3.500 0.43 0.43 M25
13 C13 CUM 1 0.230 0.530 3.500 0.43 0.43 M25
14 C14 CUM 1 0.350 0.450 3.500 0.55 0.55 M25
15 C15 CUM 1 0.230 0.450 3.500 0.36 0.36 M25
16 C16 CUM 1 0.230 0.450 3.500 0.36 0.36 M25
Total 6.92
Club House- Columns MEASUREMENT SHEET
Sr. No. Description of Items Unit
Quantity
Total
Quantity
(Cu.m)
GRADE

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❖ESTIMATION OF CONCRETE USED IN SLAB

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SLAB
MEASUREMENT SHEET OF SLAB CONCRETE
Sr. No.
Description of
Items (SLAB`S)
Unit
Quantity
Total
Quantity
(Cu.m)
GRADE
Nos. Length Breadth Area
Depth
1
S1(5&6) CUM 1 6.70 4.92 32.93 0.165 5.43 5.43 M2O
S1` (11&12) CUM 1 6.70 4.62 30.93 0.165 5.10 5.10 M2O
2 S2 CUM 1 4.87 1.78 8.67 0.115 1.00 1.00 M2O
3 S3 CUM 1 4.37 1.42 6.21 0.115 0.71 0.71 M2O
4 S4 CUM 1 3.35 3.20 10.72 0.125 1.34 1.34 M2O
5 S5 CUM 1 5.35 3.22 17.23 0.125 2.15 2.15 M2O
6 S6 CUM 1 4.00 3.35 13.40 0.165 2.21 2.21 M2O
7 S7 CUM 1 5.70 3.93 22.41 0.150 3.36 3.36 M2O
8 S8 CUM 1 5.48 2.84 15.55 0.150 2.33 2.33 M2O
9
S9 (1&2) CUM 1 10.11 1.50 15.17 0.165 2.50 2.50 M2O
S9`(bottom) CUM 1 8.66 1.72 14.90 0.165 2.46 2.46 M2O
TOTAL 28.61
DEPTH OF SLAB
Sr. No Slab Depth(mm)
1 S1 165
2 S2 115
3 S3 115
4 S4 125
5 S5 125
6 S6 165
7 S7 150
8 S8 150
9 S9 165

62 | P a g e
LAB TEST
1. SIEVE ANALYSIS OF FINE AGGREGATES (I.S.: 2386-I)
Aim: To determine the properties of Fine aggregate for size and distribution by
calculating Fineness modulus and deciding Grading Zone.
Apparatus:
Drying Oven, IS Sieves 10 mm, 4.75mm, 2.36 mm, 1.18 mm, 600-micron, 300-
micron, 150 mm, pan, Weigh scale to the accuracy of 1g, Brush, Metal trays etc.
Procedure:
• Sample of sand shall be collected as given earlier.
• Sieves shall be cleaned and arrange in
sequence in descending order. Pan shall at
the lower most end and Lid on top.
• Take around 1 kg of sample and dry it in
oven at temp of 100-110 dig C.
• Dried sample shall be then weighed (1 kg
preferably) and sieved successively on sieves
starting with 10mm and then through 150 microns.
• Each sieve shall be shaken at least for two minutes on clean tray until no more
trace passes.
• Motion shall be varied like back and forth, left to right, circular clockwise and
anticlockwise and with frequent jarring.
• Material shall not be forced through the mesh. Lumps in fines shall be broken
against the wall of sieve.
• Sieves shall be brushed from underneath of mesh and pass on to the next.
• On completion of sieving, material retained on each sieve is to be weigh separately.

63 | P a g e
Results:
Sieve size
Weight
Retained
(g)
% Weight
Retained
Cumulative
% Weight
Retained
Cumulative
% Weight
Passing
4.75mm 16 1.6 1.6 98.4
2.36mm 267 26.7 28.3 71.7
1.18mm 246 24.6 52.9 47.1
600 µ 144 14.4 67.3 32.7
300 µ 88 8.8 76.1 23.9
150 µ 66 6.6 82.7 17.3
Pan 173 17.3 100 0
Total 1000 308.9
Fineness Modulus = 308.9 / 100
= 3.089 (lies between 2.6 – 3.2)

64 | P a g e
2. SIEVE ANALYSIS OF COARSE AGGREGATES (I.S.: 2386-I)
Aim: To determine the properties of Coarse aggregate for size and grading
distribution (nominal 20 mm or 10 mm metal).
Apparatus:
Drying Oven IS Sieves 40 mm, 20 mm,16 mm, 12.5 mm, 10mm, pan. – for
Analysis of 20 mm metal, IS Sieves 20 mm, 16 mm,12.5 mm, 10 mm, 4.75 mm,
2.36 mm, pan - for Analysis of 10 mm metal, Weigh scale to the accuracy of 1g.
Brush, Metal trays etc.
Procedure:
• Sample of aggregate shall be collected as given
earlier.
• Sieves shall be cleaned and arranged in
sequence in descending order. Pan shall at the
lowermost end and Lid on top.
• Take around 5 kg of sample and dry it in an
oven at a temp of 100-110 deg C.
• Dried sample shall be then weighed (5 kg
preferably) and sieved successively on Sieves
starting with 40mm and then through 4.75mm.
• Each sieve shall be shaken at least for two minutes on a clean tray until no more
trace passes.
• Motion shall be varied like back and forth, left to right, circular clockwise and
anticlockwise and with frequent jarring.
• Material shall not be forced through the mesh. But for coarser than 20mm
particles, placing is permitted (passing particles through sieve opening manually).

65 | P a g e
• Sieves shall be brushed from underneath of mesh and pass on to the next.
• On completion of sieving, material retained on each sieve is to be weighed
separately.
• Check for permissible limits for passing.
RESULTS:
For 20 mm: -
Sieve size
Weight
Retained
(g)
% Weight
Retained
Cumulative
% Weight
Retained
Cumulative
% Weight
Passing
Check
25mm 0 0 0 100 100
20mm 261 8.7 8.7 91.3 85-100
16mm 1262 42.06 50.76 49.24
12.5mm 1038 34.6 85.36 14.64
10mm 400 13.33 98.69 1.31 0-20
4.75mm 39 1.3 99.99 0.01
Pan 0 0
Total 3000
For 10 mm: -
Sieve size
Weight
Retained
(g)
% Weight
Retained
Cumulative
% Weight
Retained
Cumulative
% Weight
Passing
Check
12.5mm 6 0.3 0.3 99.7 100
10mm 270 13.5 13.8 86.2 85-100
4.75mm 1698 84.9 98.7 1.3 0-20
Pan 26 1.3 100 0
Total 2000

66 | P a g e
3. DETERMINATION OF INITIAL & FINAL SETTING TIMES
STANDARD
• IS: 4031 (Part 5) 1988.
OBJECTIVE
• To determine the initial and final setting times of cement.
APPARTUS
• Vicat apparatus conforming to IS: 5513-1976.
• Balance of capacity 1kg and sensitivity 1 gram.
• Gauging trowel conforming to IS: 10086-1982.
PROCEDURE
• Unless otherwise specified this test shall be conducted at a
temperature of 27 + 200
C and 65 + 5% of relative humidity of the Laboratory.
• Prepare a paste of 300 grams of cement with 0.85 times the water required to a
give a paste of standard consistency IS: 4031 (Part 4) 1988.
• The time of gauging in any case shall not be less than 3 minutes not more than 5
minutes and the gauging shall be completed before any sign of setting occurs.
• Count the time of gauging from the time of adding water to the dry cement until
commencing to fill the mould.
• Fill the vicat mould with this paste making it level with the top of the mould.
• Slightly shake the mould to expel the air.
• In filling the mould, the operator hands and the blade the gauging trowel shall
only be used.
Initial Setting Time
• Immediately place the test block with the non-porous resting plate, under the rod
bearing the initial setting needle.
• Lower the needle and quickly release allowing it to penetrate in to the mould.
• In the beginning the needle will completely pierce the mould
• Repeat this procedure until the needle fails to pierce the mould for 5 + 0.5mm.

67 | P a g e
• Record the period elapsed between the time of adding water to the cement to the
time when needle fails to pierce the mould by 5 + 0.5mm as the initial setting
time.
Final Setting Time
• Replace the needle of the vicat apparatus by the needle with an annular ring
• Lower the needle and quickly release.
• Repeat the process until the annular ring makes an impression on the mould.
• Record the period elapsed between the time of adding water to the cement to the
time when the annular ring fails to make the impression on the mould as the final
setting time.
REPORT
• Report the initial setting time and final setting time in minutes.
PRECAUTION
• The time of gauging in any case shall not be less than 3 minutes not more than 5
minutes.

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FIELD TEST
1. SLUMP TEST FOR FRESH CONCRETE (IS: 1199)
Aim: To check Workability of Freshly Mixed Concrete by Standard Slump Cone
Method. This method is suitable for max size of aggregate up to 38 mm only.
Apparatus:
Slump cone with base plate and cone having bottom dia 20
cms, top dia 10 cms and height 30 cms. Smooth Tamping rod
16 mm dia and 600 mm long with one rounded edge, Scoop,
Trowel, Collection pan, measuring scale (Tamping rod also
have marking). Smooth / Levelled platform for working.
Procedure:
• Sample is collected as per the sampling procedure is given
earlier.
• Internal surface of the cone shall be cleaned and freed from
extra moisture and
any layer of set cement slurry.
• Conical mould shall be fixed tight on the base with screw arrangement ensuring
that no cement slurry will leak from the joint.
• Assembly shall be placed on smooth and truly horizontal surface rigidly.
• Mould shall be filled up in 4 layers. Each layer shall be tamped with tamping rod
for 25 times evenly. Tamping shall penetrate in a layer below.
• The top-level shall be struck off by trowel or rod flush to the top of the cone.
• The Cone shall be loosened at the base and shall be lifted carefully vertically without
Disturbing concrete mass.
• The subsidence shall be measured immediately.

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• Above operations shall be carried out at place free from vibrations and shock.
• The whole exercise is to be done within two minutes from sampling.
• In any test in which specimen collapses or shears the test will be repeated.
• Slump shall be recorded in mm.
• If in repeat test the slump shears, it is to be recorded.
PROCEDURE OF CUBE CASTING
• Clean the moulds properly & apply oil.
• Take random samples in the container while
concreting.
• Mix the concrete properly.
• Pour the concrete in the mould, concrete to be poured
in three layers.
• Each layer to be compacted by 35 nos. of strokes, with the tamping rod of 16mm
diameter & 60 cm long. Bullet pointed at lower end.
• Finish properly the top surface by trowel (Thapi) after the compacting the last
layer.
• Each specimen should be taken for different location.
• After 24 hours remove the specimen from the mould.
• Precautions to be taken while demoulding of the specimens, edges should not be
broken.
• Code the cube with nail/paint or marker, with
Date, location & grade of Concrete.
• Submerge the cubes in clean & fresh water
curing tank, until the time of testing.
• Enter the details of cubes in Cube register.

70 | P a g e
SOME SITE PHOTOS
Checking the Shuttering
arrangement
Checking the column steel
arrangement

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