1. TRAINING 2
JIPMER Phase II Project
LARSEN &TOUBRO Limited
VISIT DETAILS:
Company Name : Larsen &Toubro Limited
Address : Jipmer Campus
Tel.: 0413-2677684
0413-2677139
Fax: +91 (0)413 2677727
Date of Visit : 1.06.2012 – 29.06.2012
Time of Visit : 10 AM – 5 PM

2. COMPANY
Larsen & Toubro (L&T) is India’s largest technology, engineering,
manufacturing and construction organization with a track record of over seven
decades. L&T is also one of India’s best managed and most respected companies
on various attributes of customer delight and shareholder values.
L&T’s Construction arm - L&T Construction - is the largest construction
organization in the country and finds its unique position (29th rank as per ENR,
USA – August 2011) among the world’s 225 top contractors.
L&T’s Buildings & Factories Independent Company (B&F IC), one among
the four newly reorganized Independent companies is equipped with the domain
knowledge, requisite expertise and wide-ranging experience to undertake
Engineering, Procurement and Construction (EPC) of all types of building and
factory structures through its dedicated Business Units (BU).
1. Airports: The Business Unit undertakes end to end responsibilities in
design
and turnkey construction of major airports including all associated airport
facilities.
2. IT and Institutional Space: The BU provides concept to commissioning
solutions for IT Parks, office space including high rise towers and green
buildings. It also undertakes design and construction of educational
institutions, metro stations, sports stadiums, exhibition / convention centers and
other public buildings.
3. Health & Leisure: The BU undertakes design and construction of hospitals
including procurement, installation and commissioning of medical equipment.
In the Leisure segment, L&T undertakes turnkey construction of international
class hotels, entertainment centers, serviced apartments, commercial malls and
mixed use developments.
4. Residential Buildings: L&T’s expertise in residential buildings cover design
and construction of large townships and high rise apartments through two
business units - Elite Housing and Affordable & Mass Housing.
5. Factories: L&T offers turnkey design and construction services for factories
under two segments - Cement and Heavy & Light Engineering Plants.

3. Recent Projects:
1. Parliament Library building, New Delhi
2. Serene County – a residential township in Hyderabad
3. Illuminated view of Dalmia Cement in Tamil Nadu
4. Asia’s largest automated dairy Plant at Gandhinagar,
Gujarat
5. Cyber Towers – Phase I of HITEC City in Hyderabad
6. Grand Hyatt Hotel, Mumbai
7. Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Medical Sciences at
Whitefield near Bangalore
PROJECT DETAILS
Design And Architecture : L&T Edrc, Pondicherry.
Execution : L&T Ltd, Ecc Division.
Contract Value ` : 359 Crores
Contractual Duration : 24 Months
Jipmer Phase II Project-
- 16950 Sq.M
- 29170 Sq.M
- 29176 Sq.M
TRAINING:
SAFETY
At L&T ECC Division, Environment, Health & Safety (EHS) is
given the highest priority. Besides the enforcement of engineering
measures and management controls, Personal Protective Equipment,
as per need of the operations are provided. Awareness among
employees is created and sustained through regular training

4. programs. Systems are rigorously implemented to ensure high
standards of Environment, Health & Safety at the jobsites.
Personal protective equipment:
 Helmet :
:
 Face Shield
 Goggles

5.  Nose Mask
 Leather Gloves
 Ear Plug

6.  Shoes
 Cotton Gloves
 Gumboot
Fall Protection:
 Scaffolds
 Safety Belts
 Safety Net

7.  Hand Rails
 Mobile Scaffolds
FIRE EXTINGUISHER:
Different types of fire extinguishers are used for each classes.
The Types of extinguishers available are:
DCP fire extinguisher - used for CLASS A, B, C fires.
Foam extinguisher - used for CLASS B fires.
Carbon Dioxide Extinguisher - used for CLASS A, B fires.
The different types of class are:
CLASS A- Cloth, Wood.
CLASS B- Liquids like Petrol, Diesel, Paint.
CLASS C- Electrical equipments.
CLASS D- Metals like Potassium, Magnesium.
QUALITY
Quality control is a process by which entities review the
quality of all factors involved in production. In project management

8. quality control requires the project manager and the project team to
inspect the accomplished work to ensure it's alignment with the
project scope. In practice, projects typically have a dedicated quality
control team which focuses on this area.
Various tests have to be done on the materials used in the
construction works.
1.Aggregates:
The tests done on aggregates are:
o Grading
o Bulk Density
o Specific gravity
o Absorption
o Bulking
o Aggregates crushing value
o Aggregates impact value
As sand is not available with the required properties, it is replaced
by quarry dust which is very cheap.
2.Cement:
The grades of cement available are 33, 43 &53 grades.
The 53 grade is more commonly used at present.
Tests done on cement are:
o Soundness test
o Compressive Strength
o Specific Gravity test
o Consistency
o Initial & Final Setting Time

9. 3.Concrete:
The grades of concrete available are:
M5, M10, M15, M20, M25, M30, M35, M40, M50, M55.
M5 & M10 are used for the PCC works.
M20 and above are used for beams, columns and slabs.
The density of the concrete is 2400kg/m3
Tests done on the concrete are:
o Slump test
o Vee-Bee test
o Flow test
o Compacting factor test
o Compressive Strength
o Tensile Strength
o Flexural Strength
The Slump Test is more commonly used at the site work.
4.Reinforcement Bars:
The types of bars available are Fe250, Fe415, Fe500 & Fe550.
Fe500 & Fe415 is most commonly used.
Test done on these bars are:
o Tensile Stength
5.Bricks:
Fly ash bricks are used in this site due to the economy. Lime is used
as the binder.
Tests done on bricks are:
o Absorption test

10. o Hardness test
o Effloresence
o Compressive Strength test
o Soundness test
PLANT AND MACHINERY
Larsen and Toubro have their own Plant and Machinery unit to
take care of most of the machinery and batching plant requirements
of the construction sites. The machinery are maintained according to
ISO standards and so the relevant documents for each machinery, as
required by ISO, is maintatined by the P&M in-charge of the site. A
few of the equipments present at the JIPMER site are:
 Concrete batching plant
 Boomtruck
 Bobcat
 Crane
 Wheel loader
 Vibratory compactor
 Compactor
 Air Compressor
 Sand Seiver
 Dewatering Pump
 Submersible Pump
 Bar bending Machine
 Bar cutting machine
 Cement Feeding Pump
 Planer
 Circular Saw machine
 Builder Hoist
 Suspended Platform
 Plastering Machine
 Plate Compactor
 Welding Generator

11. FORMWORK
Formwork is a die or a mould including all supporting
structures, used to give a definite shape and support to the concrete
until it attains sufficient strength to carry its own weight. The
formwork is a kind of “baking tin”, which holds the concrete until it
hardens to attain the required shape and size.
SAFETY IN USING FORMWORK
Safety is ensured if-
 Components are light in weight for manual handling.
 Loose or dangling/hanging components are minimal.
 Minimum operations are involved in each reuse.
 Individual components are self standing.
 System facilitates fixing and removal at each location without
the use of sophisticated tools and tackles.
 Usage of appropriate of tools.
 Erection and dismantling is done as per the procedure or
methodology.
 Proper housekeeping and stacking of materials.
 Inspection of materials condition before usage.
The type of formwork used in the Jipmer phase II project is Plywood
Formwork.
FINISHING WORKS:
It involves:
• Wall tiling
• Floor tiling
• Sunken & Water proofing
• Painting

12. Wall Tiling:
• After the completion of plumbing, sanitary and electrical works.
• The surface is roughened, marking is done as per the layout.
• Then slurry is prepared & applied.
• Tiling is done.
Floor Tiling:
• Base concrete level is checked
• Surface is prepared
• Mix proportion is done
• Tiling is done
• Skirting is done for 13mm
Sunken proofing:
• Water tightness of RC slab by water ponding for 24 hours is done
• If leakage is found pressure grouting is done.
• Surface is prepared
• Chamfering 50mm with cement mortar admixed with mix bond
• Applying of first coat
• Second coat is applied
• Test is done and further finishing is done.
Water Proofing:
Water proofing is done over podium areas ,water tanks, exterior
walls and over basement walls & slabs.
PLANNING
SCHEDULING:
Scheduling is the process of planning with respect to time and cost. It is
an important process. Every first day of the month meeting is
conducted and all the site engineers will discuss on the plans

13. Based on time, scheduling can be classified into seven types:
 Invoice schedule
 Material schedule
 Labor schedule
 Plant and machinery schedule
 Staff schedule
 Special agency schedule
 Overhead schedule
Based on cost, schedule can be classified into four types namely:
 Material schedule
 Labor schedule
 Plant and machinery schedule
 Overhead schedule
BUILDING CONSTRUCTION:
There are two basic parts in a building namely:
 Substructure or foundations
 Superstructure
Sub-structure or foundation is the lower portion of the building, usually located
below the ground level, which transmits the loads of the super-structure to the
supporting soil.
Super-structure is that part of the structure which is above ground level, and
which serves the purpose of its intended use.
SUB-STRUCTURE:
1) Excavation marking:
The area to be excavated is marked on ground by referring the design of
the plan. If the surface is plain the area to be excavated is marked by placing rods
at known coordinates and the rods are connected by using ropes in order to
locate the point. If the surface is not plain, points are located using total station.

14. 2) Excavation:
It is done by using in the case of shallow foundation. For pile foundation,
piles are directly inserted into the ground without excavating after soil
investigation.
3) Marking for footing:
The center and boundary of footing are marked on ground as excavation
marking is done.
4) Plain Cement Concrete (PCC) laying:
PCC is laid to a depth of 75 to 100 mm before the footing is laid.
5) Columns and footings marking:
The center of column and position of reinforcement for footing is marked
on the PCC.
6) Footing reinforcement:
The reinforcement for footing is first laid over the PCC layer as per the
given length in the design.
7) Column reinforcement:
After the footing reinforcement for bottom pad and top pad is laid,
reinforcement is erected for column till the plinth level.
8) Shuttering for footing:
When the reinforcement is laid, the side shuttering is done before the
concrete is poured into it.
9) Concrete pouring:
Concrete is poured in the footing and vibration is done. Side shuttering is
removed after one day and the concrete is cured.
10) Starter:
The position of the starter is marked on footing. The shuttering for starter
is done and the concrete is poured and cured.

15. 11) Column shuttering and concreting:
The column shuttering is done till plinth level and the concrete is filled into
it. The shuttering is removed and concrete is cured.
12) Backfilling:
Then the excavated area is filled with soil and compacted till the existing
ground level.
13) Plinth beam:
 PCC: Over the compacted soil layer, plain cement concrete is poured and
leveled.
 Reinforcement: The steel rods are placed rightly according to the design.
 Shuttering: The bottom and side shuttering is done after reinforcement.
 Concreting: The concrete is poured into it.

16. SUPER-STRUCTURE:
1) Starter:
The starter is marked, shuttered, and the concrete is laid over it and cured.
2) Column reinforcement:
After the starter is laid, reinforcement of column is done as per the design.
3) Shuttering and concreting:
The reinforcement is laid and the shuttering is done till the lintel level.
Concrete is poured into it and curing is carried out.
4) Lintel beam:
 Shuttering: The bottom shuttering is done before reinforcement and side
shuttering is done after reinforcement.
 Reinforcement: The reinforcement for lintel beam is carried out as per the
design.
 Concreting: The concrete is poured into it and correspondingly curing is
done.
5) Reinforcement of column:
The reinforcement of column is carried out till parapet wall if it is a one
storey building. If not, reinforcement is carried out till the lintel level of next
floor.

17. 6) Shuttering and concreting:
The shuttering for the column is carried out till roof bottom and the
concreting is done.
7) Slab:
 Shuttering: From the existing ground level, the centering rods are placed
till the roof bottom and the bottom shuttering is placed.
 Reinforcement: The reinforcement for slab is laid over the shuttered
surface as per the design.
 Service works: The service works such as pipe laying, low voltage (LV), heat
ventilation air conditioning (HVAC) are located according to the design.
 Side shuttering: Before concreting, the side shutters are placed.
 Concreting: The concrete is filled unto the required level and vibration is
done in order to avoid the honey comb.
8) Shuttering and filling for parapet column:
The parapet’s column is shuttered till the required height (approximately
3 ft) and filled with lean concrete, a brick mix, if the building is raised in future. It
will be filled with ordinary concrete if there is no further raise in building in
future.

18. 9) Brick wall for parapet:
The parapet wall is raised by laying brick layers. For every three layers
hoop reinforcement is provided. The verticality of the wall is checked by using
plumb bob.
10) Weathering course:
The weathering course such as brick jelly coating is laid over the slab for
water absorption with particular sloping to drain the rain water.
11) Brick work till floor finished level:
From the plinth level, brick walls are raised till floor finished level and the
area is backfilled with soil and corresponding compaction and consolidation is
made.
12) PCC layer:
Over the compacted soil layer, a layer of plain cement concrete is laid for
a depth of 100 mm.
13) Brick work for walls:
First the brick work is laid till the lintel level after checking the openings
for doors, windows and ventilators. Then it is preceded till the roof bottom.
14) Service works and frames fixed:
The frames for doors, windows and ventilators are fixed. Service works
such as fixing of switch boxes, hangers for fan, pipe lines are done.

19. 15) Plastering:
The plastering of walls is done with cement mortar to a depth of 6 mm
for roof and 10 mm for walls.
16) White washing or painting:
A coating of white wash or paint is applied over the plastered surface.
17) Floor finish:
Over the PCC layer in the floor, the floor finish is done using the materials
such as tile, marble, mosaic, granite.
18) Painting:
A second layer of paint is applied over the coated surface of wall.