exemplary

1. Bhagwan Mahavir College Of Engineering And Techno
logy, VIP road, Vesu, Surat, Gujarat 395007
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Semester : 7th
Subject : Internship / Project (3170001)
Construction of High Speed Rail (Bullet Train) Kosmada
Prepared by: Faculty Mentor: Industry Mentor:
Rajput Abhishek Mr. Sagar Naik Mr. Shailesh Kumar
190060106025 Professor Site Engineer
Bmcet Astha Construction

2. Aim
The internship aims to develop our skills to implement
theoretical knowledge into practical fields.

3. Contents to be Covered
• Introduction
• Objectives
• Company Profile
• Excavation
• Required of Excavation
• Scope of the work for Excavation
• Working procedure of Excavation
• Compaction
• Excavation
• Plain cement concrete
• Pre casting
• Retaining wall
• Storage
• Slump Test
• Conclusions

4. Introduction
For a career-oriented applied education, GTU has introduced a new
and significant summer internship program. This internship bridges
the gap between theory and practice and provides students with
practical, field-based, real-world experiences during their years of
study. During this training period, we, the students learn how to
relate our theoretical knowledge with practical fields. What are the
difficulties faced by an engineer?.For these practical & technical
skills I participated in summer internship programme under ASTHA
DEVELOPER.

5. Objectives
 To improve practical skill
 To upgrade the theoretical knowledge
 To supervise the construction work.
 To understand the design specification.
 To learn to solve the rising problems and unexpected events.

6. Company Profile
Established in 1999, Astha has been involved in construction of residential, rail
project, bridges, and commercial projects par excellence. It has successfully
completed 61projects with total constructed space of 54 lakh sq. ft.
Astha is equipped with incomparable technical excellence to create comfortable
and modern buildings with elegant designs. Its planning ensures that the customers
enjoy optimum space, natural light & ventilation, sufficient parking, long-lasting
materials, modern amenities and lush green landscapes. All these standards speak
volumes about our work. We are widely appreciated for our attention to small
details in each project; as well as our transparent and convenient process for our
customers.

7. Excavation
Work procedure for excavation at construction site involves understanding of
centre line and excavation drawings, setting out of plan on ground, excavation of
soil and removal of excess soil. Quality checks such as recording ground level
and marking of reference points should be done. Excavation is the process of
moving earth, rock or other materials with tools, equipment or explosives. It also
includes trenching, wall shafts, tunnelling and underground. It is the preliminary
activity of the construction project.

8. Required for Excavation
1. Centreline Drawing or Gridline Drawing: -
Gridline drawings represents the grids marked in numbers and alphabets whose
measurements are shown for site marking out reference. These grid lines are so
aligned that the line falls on the excavation and footing.
2. Excavation Drawing
Excavation drawing represents the length, width and depth of the excavation.
Excavation line is marked in dotted line.

9. Scope of the work for Excavation
The major works done before, while and after excavation are as follows,
1. Setting out of corner benchmarks.
2. Survey for ground levels.
3. Survey for top levels
4. Excavation to approved depth.
5. Dressing of loose soil.
6. Making up to cut off level
7. Constructing dewatering wells and interconnecting trenches.
8. Marking boundaries of the building.
9. Constructing protection bunds and drains

10. Working Procedure of Excavation
1. The first and primary step involved in the excavation is to find out the extent
of soil and clearing of construction site is of unwanted bushes, weeds and plants.
2. Setting out or ground tracing is the process of laying down the excavation lines
and centre lines etc. on the ground before the excavation is started.
3. Maximum of 4 and minimum of 2 benchmarks are marked in the corner for the
measurement of level. These benchmarks are marked on permanent structures
like, plinth, road or tree.
4. The tracing is marked by lime powder.
5. With the reference of drawing and benchmarks the depth of the excavation is
fixed.
6. Excavation is done by manual or machine means depending on the availability.

11. Compaction
Compaction is defined as the process of increasing soil density by removing air
voids. It is done by mechanical means. Compaction should not be confused with
consolidation, which is the increase in soil density because of exploitation of
moisture content of the soil. It is a is a time dependent process controlled by the
permeability of the soil

12. Different Types of Soil Compaction
Four different techniques are used to achieve compaction:
Vibration, impact, kneading and applying pressure.
These four techniques can use either static or vibratory force. Static force uses
the weight of machine while vibratory force uses the mechanically driven force.
For topsoil layers, static techniques like kneading and pressure are well suited.
Deeper soils need dynamic techniques like vibratory and impact methods.

13. PCC: Plain Cement Concrete
Plain cement concrete is the mixture of cement, fine aggregate(sand) and coarse
aggregate without steel. PCC is an important component for a construction work
which is laid on the soil surface to avoid direct contact of reinforcement of
concrete with soil and water.

14. Material Used in Plain Cement Concrete
1. Coarse Aggregate
Coarse aggregate used in the PCC must be of hard broken stone of granite or similar stone,
free from dust, dirt and other foreign matter. The stone ballast shall be 20 mm in size and
smaller. All the coarse material should be retained in a 5mm square mesh and should be
well graded so that the voids do not exceed 42%.
2. Fine Aggregate
Fine aggregate shall be of coarse sand consisting of hard, sharp and angular grains and
shall pass through a screen of 5 mm square mesh. Sand shall be of standard specifications,
clean and free from dust, dirt and organic matter. Sea sand shall not be used.
3. Cement
Portland Pozzolana cement (P.P.C) is normally used for plain cement concrete. It should
conform to the specifications and shall have the required tensile and compressive stresses
and fineness.
4. Water
Water used shall be clean and reasonably free from injurious quantities of deleterious
materials such as oils, acids, alkalis, salts and vegetable growth. Generally, potable water
shall be used having a pH value not less than 6.

15. Pre-Casting
Precast concrete has distinct advantages over cast in situ construction. As the elements are
already cast and cured requiring only installation, site activities are reduced to minimal,
saving significant site activity time. Being a casting yard made product using same
moulds in same environment, the elements are nearly uniform adding to aesthetics.
Further, quality control and curing of elements is much better and easier in casting yard in
comparison to cast-in-situ construction resulting in more durable end product. With proper
planning, precast construction is more economical in overall scenario. In addition, as
casting is done in yard where environment pollution control can be done more effectively
and due to minimum site activities resulting in less noise and pollution at actual site of
work, precast construction is more environmentally friendly option. Further, this also
results in more convenience to public during the construction phase.

16. Retaining wall
Reinforcement: & Shuttering-.
• Reinforcement is tied as per drawings and specifications and shuttering is paced for
concreting as per required shape of the wall. Before erection of shuttering, they are
properly oiled for smooth surface.
Concrete:-
• After Completion of Shuttering Concreting is done. Before concreting the joint of PCC
and RCC are properly hacked, cleaned and treated with joining chemical.
• Concrete is then poured into shuttering with proper vibration. Normally M-25 or higher
grade of concrete is used for Construction of retaining

17. Storage
• The cement bags should be stored in a dry and enclosed structure, protected
from rains and moisture and the stacked cement bags should be kept covered
with waterproof sheets or tarpaulin.
• Due to long storage of cement, cement loses its strength, cement becomes
lumpy and due to its loss of capacity for hydration, becomes unusable.

18. Ready Mix Concrete
• Ready Mixed Concrete is a tailor – made concrete that is manufactured in a
factory or within a batching plant based on the standard required specifications.
The prepared concrete mix is then taken to the work site within transit mixers
mounted over a truck.
• This type of concrete guarantee higher durability and sustainability. As the work
is carried out by an expert supplier, the mixture formed is precise and of higher
quality. Special concrete mixtures too can be made efficiently by this concrete
manufacturing method.

19. Slump Flow Test
The fresh concrete is poured into a cone as used for the slump test. This cone is
placed on the flow table that is used for the flow table testAfter pouring the
concrete in to the cone the cone is removed, then the time taken for 500 mm is
measured. This is called T500time.

20. Conclusions
The major activities during the internship were planning, viaduct, safety,
quality etc. This period of internship was a great source for gaining
knowledge and new skills about the construction on site. The organization
has given utmost importance for us and took special care in explaining all
concepts of planning, safety, quality etc. Visiting site regularly and
checking out the execution part was a good experience and had learnt how
work goes on site. We did not face any major obstacle as the organization
was there with us for clearing every doubt we had and helped us in giving
clear concept. The knowledge was imparted through power point
presentations and site visits .On the whole the internship was a great
experience and it turned into a useful training program with the help of
L&T.

21. Thanks To All