Independent versus mainstream film
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This document discusses the differences between independent and mainstream films. Mainstream films are produced by major Hollywood studios, have large marketing budgets, star-driven narratives, and aim for mass appeal and commercial success. In contrast, independent films have limited distribution and marketing, explore challenging themes, use unconventional styles, and aim more for critical appreciation than box office returns. Gravity and The King's Speech are provided as examples of mainstream and independent films respectively to highlight these differences.
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For "Poker Face", the setting is a modern mansion where characters are playing poker, reflecting the song title. Lady Gaga wears flashy costumes to stand out. Props like poker chips further connect to the song. There is no strong narrative; the focus is on Lady Gaga's sexual movements and kissing extras.
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The document discusses different film theory principles including types of films like realism, classical, and formalism. It also covers various film techniques such as shots, angles, lighting, color, sound, editing, and mise-en-scene. The goal is to understand how to analyze films through an examination of their content and stylistic elements.
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This document discusses the differences between independent and mainstream films in the film industry. It provides details about two specific films as examples - Paranormal Activity as a low budget, independent film, and Titanic as a high budget, mainstream film. Some key points made are:
- Cinemas make most of their money from food/drink sales with mainstream films that attract larger audiences.
- It's harder for independent films to get cinema screenings as cinemas prioritize films that will bring in crowds.
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Fall 2011 the emergence of cinema as an institution
The motion picture industry emerged as a powerful social and economic institution in the United States from the early 1900s to the mid-20th century. Movies became a popular weekly leisure activity for most Americans, resembling a social institution like church or clubs. The industry grew from Edison's early one-person kinetoscope exhibits to massive movie palaces that hundreds of thousands flocked to for entertainment and escape from daily life. Technological innovations, the rise of the star system, and focus on complex narratives transformed movies into a mainstream form of mass media.
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This document defines cult films and explores some of their key characteristics and genres. It states that cult films are often strange, quirky films that break conventions and cultural taboos. They frequently feature violence, gore and controversial topics. The document examines some notable cult directors like David Lynch and genres like musicals and westerns. It provides timelines of early and modern cult classics and discusses how cult followings have developed with social media. Three films - Reefer Madness, A Clockwork Orange, and Fight Club - are highlighted as examples of "social issues" cult films that explore influential realities in society.
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The document summarizes the history and evolution of the Hollywood film industry. It discusses how:
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2) Television emerged as competition in the 1950s, forcing movies to differentiate themselves by featuring bolder content and themes. Studios also sold films to television and realized home video's potential.
3) Modern blockbuster films rely heavily on franchises, sequels, remakes and merchandise to drive massive profits globally, with production and marketing budgets often over $100 million.
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The document summarizes changes in Hollywood filmmaking from the 1960s to the late 1970s. In the 1960s, films became more expensive to produce due to various economic factors. European and international films influenced Hollywood with more experimental styles. Films like Bonnie and Clyde and Easy Rider heralded a new era known as New Hollywood characterized by youth culture films and explicit depictions of sex and violence. In the late 1970s, large studios shifted to a blockbuster model in response to financial troubles, focusing on large-budget films aimed at broad audiences.
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This document compares the blockbuster film Avatar to the independent film Hunky Dory in three key areas:
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2. High budget films aim to make profits and are associated with commercial success, while low budget films focus more on critical success and artistry.
3. Both types of films ultimately want to create quality films and make money, even if profit goals differ, and can both achieve success through different means.
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This document discusses classical Hollywood narratives and how they have evolved. It introduces the definition and elements of classical narratives, including the 3-act structure and mise-en-scene techniques. It then analyzes how classical narratives have changed over time as seen in older films compared to reboots using flashbacks or crossing time periods. Finally, it argues that classical narratives remain the dominant storytelling form in Hollywood films despite some modern adaptations.
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NewhouseSU COM 107 Communications and Society #NH1074Ward - Ch. 6 Slideshow
1) Technology has greatly impacted the movie industry since its inception, from the invention of celluloid to advancements like 3D.
2) The Hollywood studio system rose to power in the 1920s through practices like block booking and vertical integration that dominated the industry.
3) Television posed a challenge to Hollywood in the 1950s, leading studios to adapt through new technologies and genres, though they remain a major force today through consolidation and blockbuster hits.
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The document discusses the concept of a "blockbuster" film and how its definition has shifted over time. Originally, a blockbuster referred to a popular and profitable film like Jaws. However, after research showed blockbuster audiences were mainly white teenage boys, studios began prioritizing high-budget productions aimed at mass markets. Now, a blockbuster is no longer guaranteed to be successful, as some high-budget films have failed at the box office. The "blockbuster mentality" refers to the pressure studios feel to only create these large-scale productions.
Blockbusters
Hollywood films today often follow a production line model and practice vertical integration, sharing many common characteristics. Producers put together packages including treatments, cast details, directors, and locations to pitch to studios for financing and production. Major studios still in operation include Warner Bros, Sony Pictures, Paramount, and Universal. Blockbuster films aim for simple storylines and characters with broad appeal, focusing on visual spectacle over dialogue to create an "impact aesthetic." Their huge budgets require global profits from various distribution channels and merchandise licensing.
Working titles andWARP
Working Titles is a British film company founded in 1983 that has produced over 100 films grossing nearly $6 billion worldwide. It is known for award-winning films like Les Miserables and collaborating with notable directors and actors. The company's films have evolved to target changing audiences, with earlier films aimed primarily at UK viewers due to their focus on British culture, while more recent productions have found greater international success through broader appeal.
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The document discusses various aspects of film including genres such as action, adventure, comedy, crime, drama, documentary, epic, horror, musicals, science fiction, war, and western. It also discusses film appreciation, the differences between films and movies, character design principles in animation, the film review process, and the use of television advertisements. Key genres like action, comedy, drama, and horror are highlighted with example films provided. Character design fundamentals around proportion and facial expression are summarized.
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Independent versus mainstream film
- 1. KEY FOCUS: BRITISH AND AMERICAN FILM
- 2. “I’VE JUST SEEN AN INDEPENDENT FILM”
- 3. •MAKES YOU THINK – The Selfish Giant, Locke (more later) •MAKES YOU ASK QUESTIONS •IS ASSOCIATED WITH CRITICAL SUCCESS •FILM MORE AS ART AND CULTURAL EXPRESSION
- 4. ”I’VE JUST SEEN A MAINSTREAM FILM” “I’VE JUST SEEN MY BANK ACCOUNT”
- 5. •MAKES YOU LAUGH •MAKES YOU CRY •IS ASSOCIATED WITH COMMERCIAL SUCCESS – Gravity (Clooney) •FILM AS ESCAPIST ENTERTAINMENT
- 7. MASS AUDIENCES CONSUME PRIMARILY ‘MAINSTREAM’ FILM: WHY?
- 8. •DISTRIBUTION LED INDUSTRY – MAINSTREAM FILMS ATTRACT SIGNIFICANT ADVERTISING BUDGETS •HISTORICALLY AND COMMERCIALLY THE FILM INDUSTRY IS CONTROLLED BY HOLLYWOOD AND ‘THE BIG SIX’ WHO PRODUCE MAINSTREAM FILMS FOR MASS AUDIENCES •FILM IS AN INDUSTRY, A BUSINESS •ENTERTAINING, MAINSTREAM FILMS MAKE MONEY,
- 9. •HAS SATURATED CROSS MEDIA ADVERTING CAMPAIGNS – GRAVITY OPENS IN THE UK TODAY – WHO IS GOING TO SEE IT? •IS SHOWN AT MULTIPLEX CINEMAS THAT DOMINATE UK FILM EXHIBITION •HAS FILM STARS IN THAT YOU WANT TO GO AND SEE •HAS HIGHER PRODUCTION VALUES AND IS MORE ENTERTAINING AND TARGETS YOUTH AUDIENCES
- 11. •2006 Action Adventure •Distributed by MGM/Columbia Pictures (Sony) •Starring Daniel Craig, Eva Green, Judi Dench What makes it mainstream?
- 12. •HIGH PRODUCTION VALUES e.g. multiple camera technology •SATURATED DISTRIBUTION BY A MAJOR STUDIO – SONY •STAR MARKETING, BRAND/FRANCHISE FAMILIARITY (23rd Bond Film) •SAFE GENRE (ACTION) – SFX/CHASE SCENES/EXPLOSIONS.... •KEY FOCUS ON ENTERTAINMENT VALUES •MAINSTREAM, TRADITIONAL REPRESENTATIONS, plus CULTURAL STEREOTYPING •SIMPLISTIC, PREDICTABLE SINGLE STRANDED NARRATIVE – MORE LIKELY TO FOLLOW A CLASSIC THREE ACT STRUCTURE •NARRATIVE RESOLUTION , PROPP’S THEORIES CAN OFTEN APPLY •GLOSSY MISE-EN-SCENE, STUDIO and LOCATION SHOOTING •COMMERCIAL SUCCESS
- 13. •LIMITED DISTRIBUTION •IS RARELY SHOWN AT MULTIPLEX CINEMAS (YOU HAVE TO LOOK FOR IT) •TENDS TO HAVE LIMITED STAR MARKETING AND LOWER PRODUCTION VALUES •TENDS TO TARGET STEREOTYPICALLY AN OLDER TARGET AUDIENCE
- 15. •GENRE: SOCIAL REALISM (Mexico/Spanish production) • 2010: Directed by Alejandro Inarritu (Amores Perros,/Babel....) •CRITICAL SUCCESS – Best Foreign Language Film (2011 Oscars) •WINNER OF JURY PRIZE AT CANNES FILM FESTIVAL •2010 BAFTA – BEST BRITISH FILM •INDEPENDENT DISTRIBUTION – Focus , later Universal) What makes it Independent ? (2.54 – 8)
- 16. •No non diegetic sound, frequent periods of silence •Documentary feel – use of hand held camera •Complex narrative – audience are not being ‘led by the hand’ •Explores difficult narrative themes – Cancer •Goes against convention – needle penetration scenes •Unusual in style and content – camerawork/mise-en-scene... •Surprising commercial success (normally only critical) •Set in unfamiliar location for many American/British audiences •Limited UK Release
- 17. •LOW PRODUCTION VALUES, LIMITED DISTRIBUTION •LIMITED STAR MARKETING •REALIST GENRES, LESS ESCAPIST REPRESENTATIONS •CRITICAL SUCCESS, LIMITED COMMERCIAL SUCCESS •INTENDED TO CHALLENGE, PROVOKE, INFORM AND EDUCATE •EXPLORATION OF NARRATIVE THEMES, OFTEN OPEN ENDED •ON LOCATION SHOOTING •NICHE, OLDER, MORE EDUCATED TARGET AUDIENCE •DE-SATURATED COLOUR PALETTE, NATURAL LIGHTING, OFTEN A MORE GRAINY MISE-EN-SCENE, MORE DIEGETIC SOUND •LESS ENTERTAINMENT VALUES