The document summarizes the key causes, forms, and effects of European imperialism between 1800-1914. The main causes included economic interests in acquiring natural resources and new markets, political and military ambitions of rising nationalism, and beliefs in racial superiority and the duty to civilize. The major European powers carved up Africa at the Berlin Conference without regard for local groups. Forms of rule included direct colonies, indirect rule through local leaders, and spheres of influence. Long term effects included the rise of a global economy with dependencies between industrialized and developing nations, as well as growing nationalist movements seeking independence in the 1900s.

1. Imperialism 1800-1914

2. AP Euro Bellringer Define… Imperialism New Imperialism (Chapter 25)

3. New Imperialism and Its Causes Domination by one country of the political, economic, or cultural life of another country or region. Economic interests Manufacturers need access to natural resources (petroleum, rubber, manganese for steel, palm oil for machinery) Need market to sell factory goods

4. Rationale for Imperialism Political and military interests Rise of nationalism “ we’re SO better than YOU” land = prestige

5. Rationale for Imperialism Humanitarian Goals Westerners feel concern for the “savages” beyond the seas Missionaries, doctors, colonial officials, etc, want to spread blessings of Western civilization; including medicine, law, and Christian religion

6. Rationale for Imperialism Social Darwinism Racial superiority European races are superior imperial conquest and destruction of weaker races were nature’s way of improving the human species

7. The Success of Western Imperialism During 1870-1914 Imperialists gained much more control over the world Reasons for Western Success Weakness of Nonwestern States Ottoman, Mughal, and Qing empires were declining Slave trade had drained much of W Africa Western Advantages Strong economics, well organized gvts, pwrful armies and navies, improved medical knowledge, military technology

9. Resistance Asians and Africans often resisted domination and fought back Criticism at Home Imperialism immoral? Imperialism hypocritical? Democracy v. imposition of power

10. Forms of Imperial Rule Colonies France – use direct rule Sends officials and soldiers from France to administer Goal? Impose French culture on colonies and then into French provinces Britain – use indirect rule Use sultans, chiefs/local rulers, etc Encourage children of rulers to get education in Britain (to groom a new Westernized generation of leaders)

11. Protectorates Local rulers were left in place, but were expected to follow the advice of European advisers (Puppet and satellite relationship) Spheres of Influence Outside power claims exclusive investment/trading privileges with an area (US claims Latin Am.)

13. http://www.historydudes.com/news/wp-content/uploads/2008/10/scramble_for_africa.jpg

14. The Scramble for Africa

15. Berlin Conference, 1884 European powers meet to carve up Africa while avoiding bloodshed Can’t claim a country unless you set up a government office there Lines are drawn without regard to ethnic groups or tribal territories Ethiopians resist Italy’s attempts to take over; B. of Adowa; Ethiopians are victorious

17. The Middle East Suez Canal – commissioned by France, but Egypt will fall into Britain’s hands; Iran dealing with Russian and British quests for the Iranian oil fields

19. India in Britain’s hands, Britain’s most beneficial colony; Indians often discontent, Sepoy Rebellion, will form Indian National Congress in 1885

20. China Britain gets many hooked on opium and causes great turmoil within the country; China bans the drug, Britain refuses to stop selling it; struggles in China as to how much “modern” and “Western” influence to allow – results in many rebellions and great instability within the country

21. Japan opened trade to the US and others after 1854 and begins to modernize extremely rapidly

22. Australia originated as a “ditching” area for British convicts, will eventually be recognized as an independent state

23. Canada gained by Britain in 1763 from France; Upper-Canada (English speaking) and Lower-Canada (French speaking), Canada rebels, achieves self-rule, but keeps close ties

24. The Sun Never Sets on the British Empire

25. Long Term Effects of Imperialism Age of Imperialism = emergence of a global economy Industrial nations benefit (US, Germ. Brit, and Fr.) Less-developed nations provide agricultural goods, raw materials, and cheap labor (Asia, Africa, Latin Am)

26. New Economic Patterns Money Economy Barter system replaced by money economy Economic Dependency (depend on industrial nations products) Also known as – economic subjugation Modernization Modern banking system Transportation networks Railroads! Canals!

27. Cultural Impact Westernization – gvt, ideas, technology, and culture Resented or embraced? Schools and Hospitals – Built by missionaries Taught literacy Introduced vaccines and hygiene Religion Missionaries and Christian faith Impact on Western Culture New foods, art, architecture, sculptors, etc

28. Political Effects Early 1900’s – Africa and Asia – Western educated elites begin organizing nationalist movements to end colonial rule Competition between industrial nations=extra tension