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Imperialism.pptx
- 1. The Age ofImperialism (1800–1914)
- 2. Motivations for theNew Imperialism The Industrial Revolution transformed the West. Advances in science and technology, industry, transportation, and communication provided Western nations with many advantages. Armed with new economic and political power, Western nations set out to dominate the world, building extensive overseas empires in the late 1800s.
- 3. Motivations for theNew Imperialism 1. Industrialization (Economy) - Need for Resources Drives Further Expansion 2. Nationalism - Political and Military Causes 3. Humanitarianism – Europeans thought it was their duty to civilize and uplift African people Humanitarian and Religious Motives 4. Social Darwinism – Survival of the fittest applied to human behavior
- 4. Nationalism French Revolution andNapoleon spread Nationalism throughout Europe Continued by German and Italy unification Pride in one’s country was based upon industrial production, military strength, and size of empire.
- 5. Industrialization Increased population in Europe Great technological advances – military, transportation, communications Continued economic expansion requires more resources and markets
- 6. Humanitarianism / SocialDarwinism Christian missionaries saw Africa and Asia as fertile ground for converts Cultural superiority – Europeans must “save” the rest of the world
- 7. Western Imperialism SpreadsRapidly From about 1870 to 1914, imperialist nations gained control over much of the world. Leading the way were soldiers, merchants, settlers, missionaries, and explorers. In Europe, imperial expansion found favor with all classes, from bankers and manufacturers to workers. Western imperialism expanded rapidly for a number of reasons.
- 8. Western Imperialism SpreadsRapidly Vulnerable Non-Western States - Ottoman Empire was weakening - Tribal wars in West Africa - Slave trade - Lack of centralized government Western Advantages - Strong economies, well-organized governments, powerful armies and navies. - Improved medicine - Bigger guns - Europeans also played rivals against one another
- 9. Scramble for Africa Prior to the Age of Imperialism, Europeans only controlled port towns (except for Portugal who had larger colonies) British took South Africa, Sierra Leone, and Gambia in the mid-1800s
- 10. Scramble for Africa Between 1875 and 1900 European control of Africa went from 10% to 90% Only two nations, Liberia and Ethiopia remained independent
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- 12. Berlin Conference Tensionsbegan to mount between rival European nations during scramble for Africa Conference called in 1884 by Bismarck of Germany to defuse disputes and set guidelines for colonization Conference in Berlin essentially divided up Africa – no African representatives were invited During division tribal territories and rivalries were not considered. Boundaries were drawn that divided tribes and coupled enemies together, leading to modern problems in Africa.
- 13. Types of ImperialRule The leading imperial powers developed several kinds of colonial rule. Each of the different types reflected different goals for their colonies.
- 14. Types of ImperialRule Direct Rule - French, German, Portuguese - Direct rule of locals - Imposed culture on local lands - Highly centralized Indirect Rule - British - Advisors made laws but local ruler carried out laws - Local rulers retained authority and reported to Britain - Mixed cultures
- 15. Types of ImperialRule - Colonies – Territories under the sovereignty of the metropole - Protectorate – local rulers left in place but were expected to follow guidance from European leaders. Cheaper then setting up colonies - Sphere of Influence – outside power claimed exclusive investment or trading privileges. Mostly seen in China - Company Rule – Company gains political and economic control over an area. East India Company