Between 1860-1914, Western European powers and the United States engaged in intense competition to colonize Africa and Asia for their natural resources and markets. Driven by the Industrial Revolution, these imperial powers used advances in technology, weapons, and ideologies of social Darwinism and the white man's burden to justify expanding their political and economic control over most of Asia and Africa by the late 19th century. Local resistance movements began to rise against colonial rule in the early 20th century seeking independence.