The document summarizes the immune response process in three parts: 1. The innate immune response is non-specific and provides immediate protection. The adaptive immune response develops over a person's lifetime through memory cells and is more effective. 2. The adaptive response has two types - humoral/antibody mediated immunity which defends against extracellular pathogens using antibodies, and cell mediated immunity which protects against intracellular pathogens using killer T cells. 3. The humoral response involves antigen presentation to T and B cells, followed by B cell activation and antibody production through plasma cells in a process regulated by genetic and environmental factors.

2. IMMUNE RESPONSE DEEPA BABIN TMC KOLLAM

3. A tribute to A TRIBUTE TO (L-R) 2011 Nobel Prize winners for Physiology or Medicine Bruce A. Beutler, Jules A. Hoffmann , Ralph M. Steinman

11. Next, the macrophage digests the virus and displays pieces of the virus called antigens on its surface. Nearby cells have now become infected by the attacking viruses.

13. Capture, Processing and Presentation of Antigen by an Antigen presenting cell (APC)

14. This union stimulates the production of chemical substances -- such as interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) by the macrophage, and interleukin-2 (IL-2) and gamma interferon (IFN-y) by the T cell – that allow intercellular communication

16. KILLER CELLS The killer T cells now begin shooting holes in host cells that have been infected by viruses.

17. B Cells The antibodies released by the B cells bind to antigens on the surfaces of free-floating viruses. Besides making it easier for macrophages to destroy viruses, this binding signals blood components called complement to puncture holes in the viruses.

18. Finally, as the infection is brought under control, the activated T and B cells are turned off by suppressor T cells. However, a few "memory cells" remain behind to respond quickly if the same virus attacks again .

19. 4. B cell activation & differentiation

26. A B C Negative phase

34. Scheme of Immune response against T cell dependent Ags http://in.youtube.com/watch?v=4kNsYa20EJU&eurl=http://rufusrajadurai.wetpaint.com/page/3D+Medical+Animations?t=anon

57. Cytokines: Source & Function Cytokines Source : Immune cells Effects of Cytokines IL-1 Monocytes, macrophages Activation of T & B cells IL-2 T cells Proliferation and/or activation of T & B cells IL-4 T & B cells, mast cells, Activation of B cells, differentiation of Th2 cells IL-6 T cells, macrophages Differentiation of T & B cells IL-10 T & B cells, macrophages Suppression of macrophages, activation of B cells IL-12 B cells, macrophages Differentiation of Th1 cells IFN  Leucocytes Antiviral activity IFN  Fibroblasts IFN  T cells

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