IMMUNE RESPONSE - Humoral Immune Response As the channel name suggests, our channel will be a perfect lounge for the malayali medicos..we wil be covering videos which will be like lecture classes related to the subjects biochemistry and microbiology in which we are specialised.. It will be a better learning experience for the students especially for those who are not able to understand and follow the normal classes in college..we assure the students that you will get a basic idea regarding the topic and extra reading can be done from the reference textbooks.. Qualification AHLAD T O MSc MLT (Biochemistry) Assistant Professor Baby memorial college of allied Health science Kozhikode Maneesha M Joseph MSc MLT (Microbiology) Assistant Professor Baby memorial college of allied Health science Kozhikode Our Partner Channel Health & Voyage channel link - https://youtu.be/nzKqRVjlwc0 #IMMUNE RESPONSE microbiology #Medical #Microbiology #Biochemistry #Mallu Medicos Lounge ##MalluMedicosLounge #MLT #Channel introduction #HealthAndVoyage #New Youtube Channel introduction #Gram-negative #Enterobactericea #Weil Felix Test #Humoral Immune Response #Humoral Immune Response Tutorial

1. Maneesha M Joseph
Assistant Professor
Baby Memorial college
Kozhikode
Maneesha M Joseph 1

2. Ø An immune response is what the immune system
does when confronted by an antigen.
Ø An immune response is an elaborate interplay
between antigen, non-specific defenses, B and T
lymphocytes.
Ø The process involves direct contact (cells,
molecules bind to receptors on cell surfaces) and
cytokines (messenger molecules) that also bind to
receptors on cell surfaces.
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3. IMMUNE RESPONSES
I- Non specific (innate).
II- Specific (Adaptive).
A)Humoral Immune response
B)Cell mediated immune response
Maneesha M Joseph 3

4. Humoral Immune response
Maneesha M Joseph 4

5. Ø The activation phase begins
with an invading bacteria is
phagocitized [engulfed]by a
macrophage or any phagocytic
cell.
Ø A lysosome containing
digestive enzymes combines
with the phagosome to
process the antigen, and Ag is
fragmented in to antigenic
peptides ( Ag processing)
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6. The processed
antigenic peptide
combine with the MHC
class II proteins and are
presented on the
surface of the
macrophage ,this is
called Ag presentation
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7. Maneesha M Joseph 7
ØAg is presented to many helper T cells
ØOnly the helper T cell that matches the specificity
of the Ag presented ,will bind to MHC II protein on
the Antigen presenting cell.
ØThis is called clonal selection.
ØThe CD 4 Receptor on the Helper T Cell, bind to
,MHC II – Antigenic peptide complex on the
surface of the macrophage
ØThis makes the T Helper cell activated

8. Ø The binding triggers
theAPC to releasethe
cytokine IL-1, which
activates the HelperT
cell.
Maneesha M Joseph 8

9. Ø The activatedHelper
T cell releases the
cytokine IL-2,which
stimulates the
helperT cell to
proliferate.
Ø Thus, producing
many HelperTcells,
each with receptor
specific for the
original processed
antigens.
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10. Ø The effector phase
begins when a B cell
that exhibits on its
surface an IgM receptor
specific for the same
antigen originally
engulfed by the APC
encounters and binds
the antigens.
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11. Ø The B cellengulfs the complex by receptor
mediated endocytosis. The phagosome
containing the antigens fuses with a
lysosome.The antigen is processed.
Ø The processed antigens binds MHC class II
protein and is displayed on the surface of the
B Cell.
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12. Ø Activated HelperTcells
producedIntheactivation
phase, now bind to the
displayed antigens on the
surface of the B cell
causing the Helper T cell
to release Cytokine IL 2.
Ø The Interleukin 2 stimulate
the B cell to divide and
proliferate intoidentical B
cellcopies. Maneesha M Joseph 12

13. Ø The B cells differentiate
into antibody producing
plasma cells andmemory
cells.
Ø The plasmacells release
antibodies with a
specificity identical to
that of the surface
receptoron the parent B
cell.These carry out the
ultimate goal of fighting
the foreigninvaders.
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14. Ø The releasedantibodies
bind in a lock and key
fashion to the antigen
on the surface of the
original invaders.
Ø These makes iteasier for
killer cells to attack and
destroy the bacteria by
phagocytosis and
release of proteins
causes the directlyses of
the bacteria.
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15. Simultaneously a
blood component
known as
complement is
signaled to attack
and punctureholes
in thebacteria.
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16. Maneesha M Joseph 16
ØMemmory B cells remains in circulation and are
long lived
ØThey undergoes class switching ( initially IGM are
produced and later IgG)
ØThis results in production of large amounts of Ab
of class IgG, extensive immune response
(secondary immune response ) when exposure
with the same Ag occurs in future.