In this presentation our agenda is
Brief introduction
Radiological Modalities
Radiological Features
Radiological Imaging Of Complications of lung cancer.
I followed Dahnert and try to describe all findings in lung cancer.
Hope it will prove an atlas in Lung cancer imaging.
In this presentation our agenda is
Brief introduction
Radiological Modalities
Radiological Features
Radiological Imaging Of Complications of lung cancer.
I followed Dahnert and try to describe all findings in lung cancer.
Hope it will prove an atlas in Lung cancer imaging.
Acute Pancreatitis (According to American College of Gastroenterology 2013 gu...Jibran Mohsin
This Presentation focuses on definition, new classification, different scoring systems for severity, rationale for radiological signs and new management recommendations as per 2013 American College of Gastroenterology guidelines
Imaging assessment of malignant focal and diffuse liver lesions from Ultrasound to Mri with overview of interventional modalities and diagnostic snippets,
Pancreatitis -a detailed study ( medical information )martinshaji
Pancreatitis is the Inflammation of the pancreatic parenchyma. Acute condition of diffuse pancreatic inflammation & auto digestion, presents with abdominal pain, and is usually associated with raised pancreatic enzyme levels in the blood &urine. this is a detailed study pancreatitis describing factors such as definition , epidemiology , etiology , pathophysiology , treatment , prevention , imaging techniques , diagnosis , lab investigations , images , drugs , control etc
please comment
thank u
Abnormal abdominal CT is best powerpoint presentation for radiologist, radiology resident and gastroenterologist, this include pancreatitis, all abdominal trauma grading with systemic manner. Thanks
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
2. Acute Pancreatitis
Pathophysiology
Gore and Levine,
Textbook of
Gastrointestinal Radiology
• Blockage of the pancreatic duct leads to increased
pressure in pancreatic duct and rupture.
• Pancreatic fluid (proteolytic and lipolytic enzymes)
ruptures into pancreas parenchyma and anterior
pararenal space
3. Anterior Pararenal Space
• Kidney –like
pancreas-is
retroperitoneal
• Shares Anterior
pararenal
space with
duodenum,
ascending and
descending
colon
• Anterior to
Aorta, IVC, and
kidneys
Robbins and Cotran, Pathologic Basis of Disease
4. The long range inflammatory
missiles
• Peripancreatic fluid
can spread through
diaphragmatic
hiatuses ,peritoneal
recesses, or
retropritoneal fascial
planes to present in
remote sites.
5. Targets of Inflammatory spread
in Acute Pancreatitis
• 1= spread into the lesser
sac
• 2 = spread into the
transverse mesocolon
• 3 = spread into the root
of the bowel mesentery
• 4 = extension into the
duodenum
• 5= inferior spread into
the remainder anterior
pararenal space
• 6=RP fluid colecting
down to scrotum,or even
thigh
Gore and Levine, Textbook of Gastrointestinal Radiology
6. Imaging Goals in Pancreatitis
1. Exclude other abdominal disorders that can
mimic acute pancreatitis
– DDx: acute cholecystitis, bowel obstruction or
infarction, perforated viscus, renal colic, duodenal
diverticulitis, aortic dissection, appendicitis, and
ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm
2. Confirm clinical diagnosis of acute
pancreatitis
3. Staging the disease, by evaluation of the
extent and nature of pancreatic injury and
peripancreatic inflammation
7. Abdominal Plain Film
Findings of Acute
Pancreatitis on
Abdominal Plain Film
– Duodenal ileus in 42% of
patients
– Colon cutoff (paucity of
gas distal to splenic
flexure due to spasm of
colon affected by spread
of pancreatic
inflammation)
– Pancreatic abscess (gas
bubbles)
– Abdominal fat necrosis
and saponification (effects
of activated lipase on fatty
tissues)
8. Plain Chest Film
• 1/3 of acute pancreatitis patients have pulmonary
changes secondary to superior spread of pancreatic
inflammation to diaphragm and lung bases
• Findings of Acute Pancreatitis
on Plain Chest Film:
– pleural effusions (seen on 10% of
chest films)
– basal atelectasis
– pulmonary infiltrates
– elevated diaphragm
– Acute Respiratory Distress
Syndrome
Gore and Levine, Textbook of Gastrointestinal Radiology
10. Ultrasound
• Indications
– Good screening test in mild disease, suspected biliary
pancreatitis, and thin patients lacking fat planes for good CT
evaluation
• Uses
– Exclude a diagnosis of gallstones
– Follow up of pseudocysts
– Doppler of cystic masses to rule out pseudoaneurysm
• Major Limitations
– Bowel gas
– US cannot specifically reveal areas of necrosis
13. Computed Tomography
“CT is the premier imaging test in the diagnosis
and management of patients with acute
pancreatitis. It visualizes the gland, the
retroperitoneum, the abdominal ligaments, the
mesenteries, and the omenta in their entirety.”
20. Bilateral renal halo sign
• The halo appears as ground-
glass attenuation on imaging,
due to enhancement of the
perirenal fat from the
retroperitoneal collection of
pancreatic exudates. Bilateral
perirenal fluid collections are
rare and suggest pancreatitis.
21. Pseudocyst in Lesser Sac or Gastric Wall
ROI:
•12 HU (simple
fluid)
•69mm x 36mm
22. Evaluation for Pancreatic Necrosis
Focal areas of necrosis
show enhancement of
less than 30 HU in
early arterial phase
Due to high attenuation exudates,
presence of pancreatic necrosis
cannot be assessed unless the gland
is imaged during late arterial-early
portal venous phase of rapid bolus
intravenous injection of contrast
patchy areas of absence of
enhancement, fragmentation, and
liquefaction necrosis can be seen.
24. Inflammation Spreads to the Transverse Colon
Normal Bowel
Wall Edematous,
Inflamed Bowel
Wall
Inflamed Fat
Normal Fat
25. Splenic Vein thrombosis
Splenic vein thrombosis
occurs in 2% to 4% of
patients with chronic
pancreatitis. This event
leads to isolated gastric
varices with resulting
gastrointestinal
hemorrhage.
26. Fluid Collections
ROI: 16 HU
Course:
Superolateral to
(simple fluid)
the region of the
lesser sac,
becoming
contiguous with
the greater
curvature of the
stomach
Structure:
ill-defined, with
indistinct
margins
Image courtesy Dr. Anne Kim
35. 70 year-old woman with hemorrhagic pancreatitis
CT scan demonstrates hemorrhagic pancreatitis as a heterogeneous mass in
the area of the pancreatic bed (*). Arrow indicates active extravasation
(hemorrhage).
36. III-Autoimmune pancreatitis
in 1995 researchers
described a form of
pancreatitis associated
with autoimmune
manifestations. Today
it's known that about 5-
6 percent of all cases of
chronic pancreatitis are
autoimmune in nature.
• Focal or diffuse
enlargement
• Delayed enhancement.
• Capsule like rim.
Editor's Notes
The acinar cells of the exocrine pancreas
1= spread into the lesser sac will deform the poserior gastric wall 2 = spread into the transverse mesocolon will cause deformity along the inferior border of the colon 3 = spread into the root of the bowel mesentery will cause deformity of the small bowel loops 4 = extension into the duodenum will cuse deformity and mucosal abnormalities 5= spread into the remainder of the retroperitoneum will cause changes in the anterior pararenal space
Fat necrosis sign is due
9 minutes
Due to high attenuation exudates, presence of pancreatic necrosis cannot be assessed unless the gland is imaged during late arterial-early portal venous phase of rapid bolus intra venous injection of contrast patchy areas of absence of enhancement, fragmentation, and liquefaction necrosis can be seen. Poorly defined peripancreatic exudates obliterate the peripancreatic fat, envelop the pancreas, dissect fascial planes, and penetrate through fascial and peritoneal boundaries and ligaments.