The document discusses the ideal gas law and its relationship between the pressure, volume, temperature, and amount of gas. It defines Boyle's law, Charles' law, Gay-Lussac's law, and how they combine to form the ideal gas law (PV=nRT). It provides the definitions and units for pressure, volume, temperature, moles, and the gas constant in the ideal gas law. Examples are given for converting between pressure units and using the ideal gas law to calculate moles or temperature given the other variables.

1. IDEAL GAS LAW

2. QUICK REVIEWBoyle’s Law: P1V1= P2V2Pressure and volume are inversely proportionalCharles Law: V1 = V2T1 T2 Volume and temperature are directly proportionalGay Lussac’s Law: P1 = P2T1 T2 Pressure and volume are directly proportionalTOGETHER THE VARIABLES FORM…

3. The COMBINED GAS LAWP1V1= P2V2 T1 T2** Gaining and understanding of these laws allows you to understand how gases behave when you change the pressure, volume, or temperature of a gas sample.**

4. GASES BEHAVE THE SAME WAY. According to the Kinetic Molecular Theory, gases:Consist of a large number of particles that are far apart.Undergo elastic collisions, which means, no energy is lost- kinetic energy is conserved.Are in continuous rapid motion.Are neither attracted to or repelled by other gas particles.Are dependent upon temperature for the speed of their particles.

5. A real gas does not completely behave according to the assumptions of this theory.An ideal gas conforms to all of the the assumptions of this theory.

6. IDEAL GAS LAWThe ideal gas law assumes that all gases behave perfectly and identically to the rules of the kinetic molecular theory.It shows the relationship between pressure, volume, temperature, and the amount of gas in moles.It can be used to find one of the four variables given the other three.

7. IDEAL GAS LAW FORMULAPV= nRT

8. P= Pressure: The force per unit are applied to the surface of an object.The pressure of the air molecules in this tornado can knock down numerous trees…

9. V= Volume: The measurement of how much space matter takes up.The volume of this air takes up enough space to fill a hot air balloon!!!

10. n= Amount of gas in moles

11. R= Gas Constant.0821 atm L mol K

12. T= Temperature: a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles of matter.Common Units of Temperature:Kelvin (K): The only units that can be used when doing numerical problems with gases.Celsius (°C): Must be converted to Kelvin before doing problems (add 273).

13. More on RRRRRRR….“R” is the gas constant. It uses ALL of the units that are represented in the formula by other variables.Units in the gas constant: atm L mol KFor every problem the units of your variables have to be in the units used in the gas constant!!Pressure Conversions: Back to Dimensional Analysis**Quick Tip: To convert from unit to unit you have to have a conversion factor.** A Conversion factor relates the unit that you start with and the unit that you want to convert too.

14. MORE ON PRESSURESome word problems may give you pressure in a variety of ways.Atmospheres (atm): The average air pressure at sea level.Millimeters of Mercury(mmHg): originates from how pressure is measured with a barometer.Torr: Named Italian physicist Evangelista Torricelli. The torr is exactly equal to mmHg.KiloPascal(kPa): Another SI unit for pressure.

15. Here’s the Connection…In these amounts, all of these units are EQUAL!!!1 atm =760 mmHg =760 torr =101.3 kPaYOU HAVE TO MEMORIZE THESE CONVERSIONS!!!

16. Example 1: Convert a pressure of 1.75 atmospheres to kiloPascals.

17. Example 2: Convert a pressure 570 torr to atmospheres.

18. Example: The atmospheric pressure in Denver Colorado is .830 atmospheres. What is the pressure in a) mmHg b)kPa

19. More Gram to Mole Conversions**Quick Tip: MOLAR MASS is the only thing that can help you convert from grams to moles!!**O2= _______g 64g O2= _______mol HF= ________g 40g HF= ___________mol CO2= __________g 88g CO2= _______mol

20. FREQUENTLY USED TERMS IN WORD PROBLEMS: MEMORIZE THESE!!!Standard Temperature and Pressure: (STP)Pressure= 1 atm Temperature= 273K or 0°C Room Temperature: Kelvin scale= 298 K Celsius scale= 25°CIf a word problems refers to “STP” or “room temperature”, it is important for you to know these fixed values.

21. Ideal Gas Law Example 1: A sample of gas has a volume of 10 liters,a pressure of 1.5 atm, and a temperature of 25°C, how many moles of gas do I have?

22. Ideal Gas Law Example 2:If I have 3.5 moles of a gas at a pressure of 895 kPa with a volume of 50 liters, what is the temperature?