This document discusses the system of units used in physics. It defines fundamental and derived quantities, and explains that derived quantities are combinations of fundamental quantities. The seven base SI units are listed as the meter, kilogram, second, ampere, kelvin, mole, and candela. Prefixes are used to modify unit names to indicate multiplicative factors of powers of ten. The document also covers converting between different units, and how to determine the number of significant figures in calculations. Three examples at the end demonstrate applying concepts like unit conversions and significant figures to physics problems.
This is a summary of the topic "Physical quantities, units and measurement" in the GCE O levels subject: Physics. Students taking either the combined science (chemistry/physics) or pure Physics will find this useful. These slides are prepared according to the learning outcomes required by the examinations board.
Physical Quantities--Units and Measurement--Conversion of UnitsKhanSaif2
This presentation covers physical quantities and their types, units and their types, conversion of units and order of magnitude in a very interactive manner. I hope this presentation will be helpful for teachers as well as students.
1. Measurement of volume (3D concept)
2. Measurement of area (Estimate the area of irregular shape objects using graph paper)
3. Measurement of density of regular solid: Basic concepts, Formula,Simple Numericals
4. Calculation of speed: Basic oncept, Formula, Simple Numericals
This is a summary of the topic "Physical quantities, units and measurement" in the GCE O levels subject: Physics. Students taking either the combined science (chemistry/physics) or pure Physics will find this useful. These slides are prepared according to the learning outcomes required by the examinations board.
Physical Quantities--Units and Measurement--Conversion of UnitsKhanSaif2
This presentation covers physical quantities and their types, units and their types, conversion of units and order of magnitude in a very interactive manner. I hope this presentation will be helpful for teachers as well as students.
1. Measurement of volume (3D concept)
2. Measurement of area (Estimate the area of irregular shape objects using graph paper)
3. Measurement of density of regular solid: Basic concepts, Formula,Simple Numericals
4. Calculation of speed: Basic oncept, Formula, Simple Numericals
This presentation covers measurement of physical quantities, system of units, dimensional analysis & error analysis. I hope this PPT will be helpful for instructors as well as students.
Units , Measurement and Dimensional AnalysisOleepari
nits and Measurements
Need for measurement: Units of measurement; systems of units; SI units, fundamental and derived units. Length, mass and time measurements; accuracy and precision of measuring instruments; errors in measurement; significant figures. Dimensions of physical quantities, dimensional analysis and its applications.
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD
CLASS XI
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 1
UNITS AND MEASUREMENT
Introduction
The international system of
units
Measurement of length
Measurement of mass
Measurement of time
Accuracy, precision of
instruments and errors in
measurement
Significant figures
Dimensions of physical
quantities
Dimensional formulae and
dimensional equations
Dimensional analysis and its
applications
1.1 Introduction to physics
1.2 Physical quantities
1.3 International system of units
1.4 Prefixes (multiples and sub-multiples)
1.5 Scientific notation/ standard form
1.6 Measuring instruments
• meter rule
• Vernier calipers
• screw gauge
• physical balance
• stopwatch
• measuring cylinder
An introduction to significant figures
This presentation covers measurement of physical quantities, system of units, dimensional analysis & error analysis. I hope this PPT will be helpful for instructors as well as students.
Units , Measurement and Dimensional AnalysisOleepari
nits and Measurements
Need for measurement: Units of measurement; systems of units; SI units, fundamental and derived units. Length, mass and time measurements; accuracy and precision of measuring instruments; errors in measurement; significant figures. Dimensions of physical quantities, dimensional analysis and its applications.
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD
CLASS XI
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 1
UNITS AND MEASUREMENT
Introduction
The international system of
units
Measurement of length
Measurement of mass
Measurement of time
Accuracy, precision of
instruments and errors in
measurement
Significant figures
Dimensions of physical
quantities
Dimensional formulae and
dimensional equations
Dimensional analysis and its
applications
1.1 Introduction to physics
1.2 Physical quantities
1.3 International system of units
1.4 Prefixes (multiples and sub-multiples)
1.5 Scientific notation/ standard form
1.6 Measuring instruments
• meter rule
• Vernier calipers
• screw gauge
• physical balance
• stopwatch
• measuring cylinder
An introduction to significant figures
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Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
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To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
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Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
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This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
Generating a custom Ruby SDK for your web service or Rails API using Smithyg2nightmarescribd
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The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
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In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
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https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
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Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*
Chapter 1 measurements
1. System of Units
Fundamental Quantities
Derived Quantities
Units
Prefixes
Conversion of Units
Significant Figure
2. State the definition and differences of based and
derived quantities.
able to list down the SI Prefixes.
know how to apply the significant figures
make a conversion of any units given by using simple
& common method of rational number method
3. SYSTEM OF UNITS
Basic Quantities
Derived Quantities
Units
Prefixes
4. Physical
Quantities
* Basis of physical
quantities * Combination of
one or more basic
quantity quantities
BASIC
QUANTITIES
DERIVED
QUANTITIES
•Basis of physical quantities
•Example :
Length (m)
Mass (kg)
Time (s)
Temperature (K)
Electric current (A)
•Combination of one or more
basic quantities.
•Example :
Area (m2)
Volume (m3)
Velocity (ms-1)
Acceleration (ms-2)
5. Also known as Base Quantities
5
5
Fundamental Quantities
Quantity Unit Abbreviation
Length (l) meter m
Time (t) second s
Mass (m) kilogram kg
Electric Current (I) ampere A
Temperature (T) kelvin K
Amount of Substance Mole mol
Luminous Intensity candela cd
Table 1: SI Base Quantity and Units
6. Other quantities which defined in term of seven (7)
fundamental quantities.
Example:
Speed
Work
Force
Electric Potential
Power
Frequency
Angle
6
6
Derived Quantities
8. Physical quantities measured by using unit.
Example: Length is a physical quantity.
1960 – General Conference on Weights and Measures decided on a
universal system of unit called the International System or SI based
on the metric system.
UNITS
Physical Quantity Unit of Measurements Symbol
Length Metre m
Mass Kilogram kg
Time Second s
Electric current Ampere A
Thermodynamic temperature Kelvin K
Amount of substance Mole mol
Luminous intensity Candela cd
9. A way of writing numbers that accommodates values too large or
small to be conveniently written in standard decimal notation.
In scientific notation, numbers are written in the form:
Example:
An electron's mass is about
0.000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 910 938 22 kg.
In scientific notation, this is written 9.1093822 10−31 kg.
10. Used to simplify big numbers.
Replace powers of ten.
To make the calculation easier.
Y, Z, E, h, da, a, z, and y are
rarely used.
PREFIXES
11. 2000 m = 2 x 103 m = 2 km
0.005 m = 5 x 10-3 m = 5 mm
45 000 000 bytes = 45 x 106 bytes
= 45 Mbytes
0.00000008 s = 80 x 10-9 s = 80 ns
200 mA = 200 x 10-3 A
PREFIXES
Example :
12. Any quantity can be measured in several different units.
Hence it is important to know how to convert from one unit to
another.
Multiplying or dividing an equation by a factor of 1 does not
alter an equation.
Example: Length: foot / inch / metre
12
12
CONVERSION OF UNITS
13. 3 km = ? m
1 km = 1000 m
3 km = 3 x 1000 m
=3000 m
OR
3 km = 3 km x 1000 m
1 km
= 3000 m
Conversion of Units
14. 45 cm = ? km
km4.5x10cm45
km45x10cm45
m1000
1km
cm100
1m
xcm45cm45
4
5
CONVERSION OF UNITS
15. 35 km.hr-1 = ? m.s-1
11
ms9.72km.hr35
s
m
60x60
35x1000
1hr
km35
s60
1min
min60
1hr
km1
m1000
1hr
km35
hr1
km35
CONVERSION OF UNITS
16. 20 kg.m-3 = ? g.cm-3
323
33
3
3
33
3
33
cm.g10x2m.kg20
cm
g
100x100x100
1000x20
m1
kg20
cm100
m1
kg1
g1000
m1
kg20
m1
kg20
cm100
m1
kg1
g1000
m1
kg20
m1
kg20
CONVERSION OF UNITS
17. The digits that carry meaning contributing to its precision.
Retain all figures during calculation.
The leftmost non-zero digit is sometimes called the most
significant digit or the most significant figure.
The rightmost digit of a decimal number is the least
significant digit or least significant figure.
Numbers having three significant figures:
587 0.777 0.000999 121000
Numbers having two significant figures:
16 8.9 0.12 0.0082
17
17
Significant Figures
18. 1. Non zero integers always count as significant
figures.
2. Zeros: There are three classes of zeros.
• Leading zeros
• Captive zeros
• Trailing zeros
18
18
Rules for Significant Figures
19. a) Leading zeros
Zeros that precede all the non zeros digit
They do not count as significant figures
Ex: 0.000562 [3 s.f]
b) Captive zeros
Zeros between non zeros digits. They always count as
significant figures
Ex: 13.009 [5 s.f.]
c) Trailing zeros
Zeros at the end of numbers. They count as significant figures
only if the number contains a decimal point.
Ex: 200 [1 s.f.]
2.00 [3 s.f]
19
19
Rules for Significant Figures
20. Multiplying or Dividing
• Ex: 16.3 x 4.5 = 73.35
(but the final answer must have 2 s.f.)
Therefore, 16.3 x 4.5 = 73 (2 s.f.)
20
20
Significant figure
for final answer
= the quantity which has the least
number of significant figures
Mathematical Operation For
Significant Figures
21. Adding or Subtracting
• Ex: 12.11 + 8.0 + 1.013 = 31.123
The final answer is 31.1 (1 decimal places)
21
21
Number of decimal
places for final
answer
= the smallest number of decimal
places of any quantity in the
sum
Mathematical Operation For
Significant Figures
22. 1. Ohms law states that V = IR. If V = 3.75 V and I = 0.45 A,
calculate R and express your answer to the correct number
of significant figures.
2. If the resultant force on an object of mass 260 kg is 5.20 x
102 N, use equation F = ma to find acceleration.
3. If a car is traveling at a constant speed 72 km/h for a time
35.5 s, how far has the car traveled? (use distance = speed x
time)
22
22
Exercise 1
23. 1. R = V/I = 3.75/0.45 = 8.3333333Ω
Due to the least s.f. (0.45 = 2 s.f.), thus the answer is 8.3 Ω
2.
Due to the least s.f. (260 = 2 s.f. ), thus the answer is 2.0ms-2
3. Change v=72km/h to m/s => 72km/3600s=20m/s
23
23
2
2
2
260
1020.5
/ ms
x
mFa
mssmtvl 7105.35/20
Due to the least s.f. (72x103m/h = 2 s.f.), thus the answer is
0.71 km or 7.1x102m.
Solutions