Infection Control Guidelines for burn unit
Dr. Nahla Abdel Kader.MD, PhD. Infection Control Consultant, MOH Infection Control Surveyor, CBAHI Infection Control Director,KKH.
safe injection practice as per NABH.pptxanjalatchi
Safe injection practices are intended to prevent the transmission of infectious diseases between patients or between patients and healthcare personnel. The key steps of safe injection practices include cleaning the work space, proper hand hygiene, using sterile syringes and needles for each patient, properly disinfecting medication vials, safely collecting sharps, and properly disposing of waste. Healthcare facilities should provide regular training to all personnel on safe injection practices and periodically observe practices to ensure they are being followed correctly.
The document discusses the International Patient Safety Goals (IPSG) which were developed by the Joint Commission International to help improve patient safety. It provides background on how the IPSG were adapted from the National Patient Safety Goals established by the Joint Commission. The document then outlines several of the IPSG, including proper patient identification, improving staff communication, reducing risks associated with medications, and preventing wrong site/procedure surgery. The goals are aimed at reducing common safety issues and medical errors in healthcare facilities.
This document discusses procedures for managing different types of spills that may occur in a hospital setting. It outlines protocols for cleaning up biological spills of various sizes, as well as spills involving chemicals, mercury, and radioactive materials. Biological spills are classified as spot, small, or large and procedures are provided for cleaning and disinfecting areas contaminated with blood or bodily fluids depending on the spill size. Chemical and radioactive spills require identifying the materials, taking safety precautions, containing and cleaning the spill, and properly disposing of contaminated items.
This document discusses sharps injuries among healthcare personnel and recommendations to prevent such injuries. It notes that there are an estimated 385,000 sharps injuries annually, with nurses being the occupational group most commonly exposed. The six devices that account for most injuries are disposable syringes, suture needles, winged-steel needles, intravenous catheter stylets, phlebotomy needles, and scalpels. Over a third of injuries are disposal-related. Recommendations include using safety-engineered devices, safe handling practices like neutral zones, and proper disposal in closable sharps containers.
This presentation discusses how to properly clean and decontaminate spills of blood and other potentially infectious materials in laboratories. It defines minor and major spills and outlines the appropriate response and cleanup procedures for each. Specific protocols are provided for cleaning spills on floors, benches, in biosafety cabinets, and centrifuges. Key steps include wearing proper PPE, covering spills with absorbent materials, applying an appropriate disinfectant for 20 minutes of contact time, and proper disposal of contaminated waste. The goal is to safely and effectively decontaminate any spilled infectious materials to prevent disease transmission.
Narcotic controlled drugs policy and procedurelastKnikkos
This document outlines policies and procedures for handling narcotic and controlled drugs in MOH hospitals. It defines key terms and assigns responsibilities to various departments and roles. The pharmacy department is responsible for receiving, storing, and dispensing these drugs, while maintaining proper documentation. Nurses are responsible for auditing drug counts. Strict protocols are established for prescribing, dispensing, administering, storing, recording use, and disposing of unused portions of narcotic and controlled drugs. Prescriptions must meet specific requirements and be properly documented.
This document outlines policies and procedures for caring for vulnerable patients. It defines vulnerable patients as those unable to protect or care for themselves. It identifies groups like young children, older adults, terminally ill, and those with medical or psychiatric conditions as vulnerable. The document describes assessing fall risks and other vulnerabilities. It provides tools to assess fall risk and outlines policies like conducting regular assessments, providing a safe environment, and documenting any falls. It stresses the importance of identifying vulnerable patients and taking appropriate care and safety measures to prevent potential harms during hospitalization.
safe injection practice as per NABH.pptxanjalatchi
Safe injection practices are intended to prevent the transmission of infectious diseases between patients or between patients and healthcare personnel. The key steps of safe injection practices include cleaning the work space, proper hand hygiene, using sterile syringes and needles for each patient, properly disinfecting medication vials, safely collecting sharps, and properly disposing of waste. Healthcare facilities should provide regular training to all personnel on safe injection practices and periodically observe practices to ensure they are being followed correctly.
The document discusses the International Patient Safety Goals (IPSG) which were developed by the Joint Commission International to help improve patient safety. It provides background on how the IPSG were adapted from the National Patient Safety Goals established by the Joint Commission. The document then outlines several of the IPSG, including proper patient identification, improving staff communication, reducing risks associated with medications, and preventing wrong site/procedure surgery. The goals are aimed at reducing common safety issues and medical errors in healthcare facilities.
This document discusses procedures for managing different types of spills that may occur in a hospital setting. It outlines protocols for cleaning up biological spills of various sizes, as well as spills involving chemicals, mercury, and radioactive materials. Biological spills are classified as spot, small, or large and procedures are provided for cleaning and disinfecting areas contaminated with blood or bodily fluids depending on the spill size. Chemical and radioactive spills require identifying the materials, taking safety precautions, containing and cleaning the spill, and properly disposing of contaminated items.
This document discusses sharps injuries among healthcare personnel and recommendations to prevent such injuries. It notes that there are an estimated 385,000 sharps injuries annually, with nurses being the occupational group most commonly exposed. The six devices that account for most injuries are disposable syringes, suture needles, winged-steel needles, intravenous catheter stylets, phlebotomy needles, and scalpels. Over a third of injuries are disposal-related. Recommendations include using safety-engineered devices, safe handling practices like neutral zones, and proper disposal in closable sharps containers.
This presentation discusses how to properly clean and decontaminate spills of blood and other potentially infectious materials in laboratories. It defines minor and major spills and outlines the appropriate response and cleanup procedures for each. Specific protocols are provided for cleaning spills on floors, benches, in biosafety cabinets, and centrifuges. Key steps include wearing proper PPE, covering spills with absorbent materials, applying an appropriate disinfectant for 20 minutes of contact time, and proper disposal of contaminated waste. The goal is to safely and effectively decontaminate any spilled infectious materials to prevent disease transmission.
Narcotic controlled drugs policy and procedurelastKnikkos
This document outlines policies and procedures for handling narcotic and controlled drugs in MOH hospitals. It defines key terms and assigns responsibilities to various departments and roles. The pharmacy department is responsible for receiving, storing, and dispensing these drugs, while maintaining proper documentation. Nurses are responsible for auditing drug counts. Strict protocols are established for prescribing, dispensing, administering, storing, recording use, and disposing of unused portions of narcotic and controlled drugs. Prescriptions must meet specific requirements and be properly documented.
This document outlines policies and procedures for caring for vulnerable patients. It defines vulnerable patients as those unable to protect or care for themselves. It identifies groups like young children, older adults, terminally ill, and those with medical or psychiatric conditions as vulnerable. The document describes assessing fall risks and other vulnerabilities. It provides tools to assess fall risk and outlines policies like conducting regular assessments, providing a safe environment, and documenting any falls. It stresses the importance of identifying vulnerable patients and taking appropriate care and safety measures to prevent potential harms during hospitalization.
This document provides information about needlestick injuries and post-exposure prophylaxis. It begins by defining a needlestick injury and listing workers who are at risk such as nurses, physicians, and laboratory technicians. It then discusses factors that influence the risk of acquiring an infection and explains how to reduce risk through safe disposal of sharps and not recapping needles. The document outlines the management of exposures, including first aid, evaluation, post-exposure prophylaxis medications and follow-up testing. It emphasizes the importance of remaining calm, washing the wound, and promptly reporting exposures in order to quickly receive counseling and preventative treatment if needed.
The document provides guidelines from the CDC on safe injection practices. It recommends using aseptic technique and sterile equipment for each individual patient to prevent transmission of infectious diseases. Single-dose vials should be used whenever possible and multi-dose vials, if necessary, must have sterile needles or cannulas each time. Outbreaks have shown that reusing or sharing needles, syringes and medication vials can expose over 100,000 patients to diseases like hepatitis or HIV. Proper injection safety is important to protect patients and healthcare professionals.
Vulnerable patients are those unable to protect or care for themselves, including infants, children, the disabled, elderly, those with medical conditions, and victims of abuse. They require close monitoring and specialized care. The document outlines how hospitals should assess and care for vulnerable groups like the elderly and children, ensuring their safety, family involvement, and proper documentation. Facilities must provide needed care or transfer high-risk patients as required and train staff to minimize risks when treating vulnerable groups.
The document summarizes guidelines from the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee from 2007 on preventing the transmission of infectious agents in healthcare settings. It outlines two tiers of precautions: standard precautions that should be used for all patient contact, and transmission-based precautions that are used in addition for certain infectious diseases. Standard precautions include hand hygiene and the use of personal protective equipment. Transmission-based precautions include contact, droplet, and airborne precautions used for diseases spread by direct contact, large respiratory droplets, or airborne transmission, respectively.
The document outlines types of IV access including central and peripheral lines, defines a port-a-cath as an implanted device that allows easy access to veins, and describes the components, indications, contraindications, procedures for accessing and using a port-a-cath, potential complications, and patient education.
The document discusses various methods and processes for decontaminating medical equipment. It defines key terms like contamination, decontamination, cleaning, drying, disinfection and sterilization. It describes the three levels of risk for medical equipment based on its contact with patients - high, medium and low risk. For each level, it recommends the appropriate decontamination process - sterilization for high risk equipment, sterilization or disinfection for medium risk, and cleaning for low risk. It then discusses the various processes in detail, including manual and automated cleaning methods, types of disinfectants and disinfection methods, and sterilization techniques like heat, radiation and filtration.
Prevention of Central Line Associated Blood Stream Infection (CLABSI )[compa...drnahla
This document discusses the prevention of central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI). It covers:
1. The burden of CLABSI, including mortality rates between 4-20% and annual costs ranging from $296 million to $2.3 billion in the US.
2. The epidemiology of CLABSI pathogens, with coagulase-negative staphylococci being the most common cause at 37%.
Safe blood transfusion practices and policy of hospitalLee Oi Wah
1) Blood transfusion is generally safe but risks include acute haemolytic transfusion reactions, transfusion-related acute lung injury, allergic reactions, and bacterial contamination.
2) If a transfusion reaction is suspected, the transfusion must be stopped immediately and the patient closely monitored and treated depending on symptoms.
3) Investigations include blood and urine samples, and the transfusion reaction report form must be completed to document the event and aid investigation.
This document provides guidance on handling biohazard spills. It discusses universal precautions which treat every spill as potentially infectious. Personal protective equipment like gloves and safety glasses are required for cleaning blood or bodily fluids. Proper cleanup involves 10 steps: preparation with signs and PPE, placing absorbent material, applying disinfectant, cleaning the spill, disposing of contaminated materials, disinfecting the area again, cleaning equipment, removing PPE, handwashing, and reporting the spill. Facilities must have an exposure control plan per OSHA to protect employees from bloodborne pathogens.
This document provides guidelines for maintaining a sterile environment in an operating theatre (OT) to prevent surgical site infections. It outlines policies for OT staff dress code and conduct, including proper hand hygiene and restricting access. The OT layout separates zones by sterility. Cleaning procedures are described for daily cleaning between surgeries, deep weekly cleaning, and handling soiled equipment and laundry. Standard infection control precautions like proper disinfectant use and spills management are also covered.
Blood spillage may occur because a laboratory sample breaks in the phlebotomy area or during transportation, or because there is excessive bleeding during
This document provides guidance on managing spills of cytotoxic drugs. It defines a cytotoxic spill as any uncontrolled release of hazardous chemicals, whether solid, liquid, or gas. The recommended procedure is to notify personnel, isolate the spill area, contain the spill, put on protective equipment, clean up the spill using a 5% decon 90 solution, dispose of all contaminated waste properly, wash hands, and file an incident report. Spill kits should contain protective gowns, masks, gloves, waste bags, cleaning supplies, and instructions for managing cytotoxic spills.
Needle stick injury BE aware......................Pradnya Sane
This document discusses needlestick injuries among healthcare workers. It notes that such injuries are caused by stress, carelessness, improper passing of sharps, and lack of knowledge about the seriousness. Nurses have the highest risk of injury, making up 48% of those affected. The highest sources of injury are garbage bags, needle recapping, and IV line administration. While the risk of infection from a needlestick is low, healthcare workers should still promptly report injuries and follow post-exposure protocols to reduce risk of hepatitis B, hepatitis C, or HIV transmission. Proper sharps disposal, immunization, and avoiding risky behaviors can help reduce needlestick injuries among healthcare workers.
Code red policy in health care services for MHA course.pptxanjalatchi
The document discusses code red policy in hospitals for responding to fire emergencies. It defines code red as the emergency code called to alert staff of a fire. It outlines standardized procedures for staff to follow, including activating alarms, evacuating patients, fighting small fires if possible, and notifying administrators. The firefighting team's roles and documentation requirements are also summarized. Training for staff on fire response plans is emphasized.
This document provides information and guidelines regarding code blue protocols at King Khalid Hospital in Najran, Saudi Arabia. It outlines the roles and responsibilities of the code blue team members, including physicians, nurses, respiratory therapists and others. It describes how a code blue is initiated when cardiac arrest occurs, including notifying the switchboard to announce the code over the PA system. It provides guidance on termination of resuscitation efforts and responsibilities after the code. Key points covered include adopting standards from the Saudi Heart Association for BCLS and ACLS, requirements for certification in life support protocols, and ensuring the code blue team and crash cart are available 24/7.
This document provides guidelines for cleaning protocols in hospitals. It discusses cleaning frequencies for different areas of the hospital based on factors like potential for patient contact, surface type, degree of hand contact, potential for contamination, and vulnerability of persons present. It recommends more frequent cleaning with disinfectants for high-risk areas like ICUs, OTs, and cleaning at least 3 times daily for patient care areas. General areas need cleaning twice daily. It also provides detailed cleaning frequencies and agents used for different hospital locations.
The document provides guidelines for properly cleaning up blood spills, including using appropriate personal protective equipment like gloves, masks, and aprons. It recommends using an EPA-registered hospital disinfectant, HIV-effective disinfectant, or 1:10 bleach solution to disinfect surfaces after removing any visible blood or soil with disposable towels. All clean-up materials should be sealed in a biohazard waste bag and disposed of properly according to local regulations. Special cleaning may be required for blood spilled on carpets or upholstery.
This document provides information on proper donning and doffing of personal protective equipment (PPE). It defines different types of PPE like gloves, gowns, masks, respirators, goggles, and face shields. It explains how to properly put on and take off each type of PPE to prevent the spread of infections. Key steps include hand hygiene, putting on items from clean to dirty, and removing items from dirty to clean. PPE must be worn correctly during patient care and removed carefully to avoid contaminating oneself or the environment.
Mercury is a metal found naturally in the environment. It comes is a few forms. Elemental (metallic) mercury is the shiny, silver-gray metal found in thermometers, barometers, thermostats, and other electrical switches.
Mercury can break into droplets when spilled. The droplets spread easily and can build up in tiny cracks and spaces wherever it is spilled.
Mercury can vaporize (evaporate) into the air. The vapor cannot be seen or smelled.
Breathing in mercury vapors is the most common way to get mercury poisoning – and also the most dangerous.
Mercury can be toxic to the nervous system, lungs, and kidneys.
This document discusses infection control in burn units. It notes that infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in burn patients due to their loss of protective skin barrier and immunosuppression. It outlines the epidemiology of infections in burn units, including common sources, modes of transmission, and susceptible patient populations. The document then discusses principles of prevention, including identifying and isolating infected patients, practicing asepsis, performing wound cultures, and following standard precautions like hand hygiene. It also provides guidance on disinfection and cleaning of equipment.
Burns Microbiology by Janin
Infection is a major cause of morbidity & mortality in burns. Pierre goes through the common bugs responsible and how to manage them.
This document provides information about needlestick injuries and post-exposure prophylaxis. It begins by defining a needlestick injury and listing workers who are at risk such as nurses, physicians, and laboratory technicians. It then discusses factors that influence the risk of acquiring an infection and explains how to reduce risk through safe disposal of sharps and not recapping needles. The document outlines the management of exposures, including first aid, evaluation, post-exposure prophylaxis medications and follow-up testing. It emphasizes the importance of remaining calm, washing the wound, and promptly reporting exposures in order to quickly receive counseling and preventative treatment if needed.
The document provides guidelines from the CDC on safe injection practices. It recommends using aseptic technique and sterile equipment for each individual patient to prevent transmission of infectious diseases. Single-dose vials should be used whenever possible and multi-dose vials, if necessary, must have sterile needles or cannulas each time. Outbreaks have shown that reusing or sharing needles, syringes and medication vials can expose over 100,000 patients to diseases like hepatitis or HIV. Proper injection safety is important to protect patients and healthcare professionals.
Vulnerable patients are those unable to protect or care for themselves, including infants, children, the disabled, elderly, those with medical conditions, and victims of abuse. They require close monitoring and specialized care. The document outlines how hospitals should assess and care for vulnerable groups like the elderly and children, ensuring their safety, family involvement, and proper documentation. Facilities must provide needed care or transfer high-risk patients as required and train staff to minimize risks when treating vulnerable groups.
The document summarizes guidelines from the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee from 2007 on preventing the transmission of infectious agents in healthcare settings. It outlines two tiers of precautions: standard precautions that should be used for all patient contact, and transmission-based precautions that are used in addition for certain infectious diseases. Standard precautions include hand hygiene and the use of personal protective equipment. Transmission-based precautions include contact, droplet, and airborne precautions used for diseases spread by direct contact, large respiratory droplets, or airborne transmission, respectively.
The document outlines types of IV access including central and peripheral lines, defines a port-a-cath as an implanted device that allows easy access to veins, and describes the components, indications, contraindications, procedures for accessing and using a port-a-cath, potential complications, and patient education.
The document discusses various methods and processes for decontaminating medical equipment. It defines key terms like contamination, decontamination, cleaning, drying, disinfection and sterilization. It describes the three levels of risk for medical equipment based on its contact with patients - high, medium and low risk. For each level, it recommends the appropriate decontamination process - sterilization for high risk equipment, sterilization or disinfection for medium risk, and cleaning for low risk. It then discusses the various processes in detail, including manual and automated cleaning methods, types of disinfectants and disinfection methods, and sterilization techniques like heat, radiation and filtration.
Prevention of Central Line Associated Blood Stream Infection (CLABSI )[compa...drnahla
This document discusses the prevention of central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI). It covers:
1. The burden of CLABSI, including mortality rates between 4-20% and annual costs ranging from $296 million to $2.3 billion in the US.
2. The epidemiology of CLABSI pathogens, with coagulase-negative staphylococci being the most common cause at 37%.
Safe blood transfusion practices and policy of hospitalLee Oi Wah
1) Blood transfusion is generally safe but risks include acute haemolytic transfusion reactions, transfusion-related acute lung injury, allergic reactions, and bacterial contamination.
2) If a transfusion reaction is suspected, the transfusion must be stopped immediately and the patient closely monitored and treated depending on symptoms.
3) Investigations include blood and urine samples, and the transfusion reaction report form must be completed to document the event and aid investigation.
This document provides guidance on handling biohazard spills. It discusses universal precautions which treat every spill as potentially infectious. Personal protective equipment like gloves and safety glasses are required for cleaning blood or bodily fluids. Proper cleanup involves 10 steps: preparation with signs and PPE, placing absorbent material, applying disinfectant, cleaning the spill, disposing of contaminated materials, disinfecting the area again, cleaning equipment, removing PPE, handwashing, and reporting the spill. Facilities must have an exposure control plan per OSHA to protect employees from bloodborne pathogens.
This document provides guidelines for maintaining a sterile environment in an operating theatre (OT) to prevent surgical site infections. It outlines policies for OT staff dress code and conduct, including proper hand hygiene and restricting access. The OT layout separates zones by sterility. Cleaning procedures are described for daily cleaning between surgeries, deep weekly cleaning, and handling soiled equipment and laundry. Standard infection control precautions like proper disinfectant use and spills management are also covered.
Blood spillage may occur because a laboratory sample breaks in the phlebotomy area or during transportation, or because there is excessive bleeding during
This document provides guidance on managing spills of cytotoxic drugs. It defines a cytotoxic spill as any uncontrolled release of hazardous chemicals, whether solid, liquid, or gas. The recommended procedure is to notify personnel, isolate the spill area, contain the spill, put on protective equipment, clean up the spill using a 5% decon 90 solution, dispose of all contaminated waste properly, wash hands, and file an incident report. Spill kits should contain protective gowns, masks, gloves, waste bags, cleaning supplies, and instructions for managing cytotoxic spills.
Needle stick injury BE aware......................Pradnya Sane
This document discusses needlestick injuries among healthcare workers. It notes that such injuries are caused by stress, carelessness, improper passing of sharps, and lack of knowledge about the seriousness. Nurses have the highest risk of injury, making up 48% of those affected. The highest sources of injury are garbage bags, needle recapping, and IV line administration. While the risk of infection from a needlestick is low, healthcare workers should still promptly report injuries and follow post-exposure protocols to reduce risk of hepatitis B, hepatitis C, or HIV transmission. Proper sharps disposal, immunization, and avoiding risky behaviors can help reduce needlestick injuries among healthcare workers.
Code red policy in health care services for MHA course.pptxanjalatchi
The document discusses code red policy in hospitals for responding to fire emergencies. It defines code red as the emergency code called to alert staff of a fire. It outlines standardized procedures for staff to follow, including activating alarms, evacuating patients, fighting small fires if possible, and notifying administrators. The firefighting team's roles and documentation requirements are also summarized. Training for staff on fire response plans is emphasized.
This document provides information and guidelines regarding code blue protocols at King Khalid Hospital in Najran, Saudi Arabia. It outlines the roles and responsibilities of the code blue team members, including physicians, nurses, respiratory therapists and others. It describes how a code blue is initiated when cardiac arrest occurs, including notifying the switchboard to announce the code over the PA system. It provides guidance on termination of resuscitation efforts and responsibilities after the code. Key points covered include adopting standards from the Saudi Heart Association for BCLS and ACLS, requirements for certification in life support protocols, and ensuring the code blue team and crash cart are available 24/7.
This document provides guidelines for cleaning protocols in hospitals. It discusses cleaning frequencies for different areas of the hospital based on factors like potential for patient contact, surface type, degree of hand contact, potential for contamination, and vulnerability of persons present. It recommends more frequent cleaning with disinfectants for high-risk areas like ICUs, OTs, and cleaning at least 3 times daily for patient care areas. General areas need cleaning twice daily. It also provides detailed cleaning frequencies and agents used for different hospital locations.
The document provides guidelines for properly cleaning up blood spills, including using appropriate personal protective equipment like gloves, masks, and aprons. It recommends using an EPA-registered hospital disinfectant, HIV-effective disinfectant, or 1:10 bleach solution to disinfect surfaces after removing any visible blood or soil with disposable towels. All clean-up materials should be sealed in a biohazard waste bag and disposed of properly according to local regulations. Special cleaning may be required for blood spilled on carpets or upholstery.
This document provides information on proper donning and doffing of personal protective equipment (PPE). It defines different types of PPE like gloves, gowns, masks, respirators, goggles, and face shields. It explains how to properly put on and take off each type of PPE to prevent the spread of infections. Key steps include hand hygiene, putting on items from clean to dirty, and removing items from dirty to clean. PPE must be worn correctly during patient care and removed carefully to avoid contaminating oneself or the environment.
Mercury is a metal found naturally in the environment. It comes is a few forms. Elemental (metallic) mercury is the shiny, silver-gray metal found in thermometers, barometers, thermostats, and other electrical switches.
Mercury can break into droplets when spilled. The droplets spread easily and can build up in tiny cracks and spaces wherever it is spilled.
Mercury can vaporize (evaporate) into the air. The vapor cannot be seen or smelled.
Breathing in mercury vapors is the most common way to get mercury poisoning – and also the most dangerous.
Mercury can be toxic to the nervous system, lungs, and kidneys.
This document discusses infection control in burn units. It notes that infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in burn patients due to their loss of protective skin barrier and immunosuppression. It outlines the epidemiology of infections in burn units, including common sources, modes of transmission, and susceptible patient populations. The document then discusses principles of prevention, including identifying and isolating infected patients, practicing asepsis, performing wound cultures, and following standard precautions like hand hygiene. It also provides guidance on disinfection and cleaning of equipment.
Burns Microbiology by Janin
Infection is a major cause of morbidity & mortality in burns. Pierre goes through the common bugs responsible and how to manage them.
This document discusses infection control in the operating room and burn unit. It outlines the basic principles of operating room environment including design, traffic patterns, and divisions. It emphasizes maintaining cleanliness, proper airflow, and minimizing traffic. Guidelines are provided for staff attire and conduct, handling infectious patients, and environmental cleaning. Definitions of burn wound infections are given and sites of environmental contamination in burn units are identified. Modes of transmission and patient susceptibility factors are discussed.
The document discusses various bacterial diseases categorized by pathogenic bacteria, symptoms caused, and mechanisms of infection. Key points include:
1) Common bacterial infections in children include those caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae type b, which can cause pneumonia, meningitis, and other diseases.
2) Sexually transmitted diseases discussed are gonorrhea (caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae), chancroid (Haemophilus ducreyi), granuloma inguinale, and syphilis (Treponema pallidum).
3) Enteropathogenic bacteria like Salmonella, Shigella,
A hospital HVAC system is probably the most vital application of HVAC technology in terms of human health, comfort and safety.it includes: Emergencies Management, Control of Infection, Control of Hazards, Hospital air conditioning and hospital ventilation
The document discusses the classification of bacteria. It explains that reliable classification is important for scientists to track the tremendous variety of microorganisms. Historically, classification has changed as new techniques became available, moving from morphology-based to genetics-based approaches. Modern classification is based on phenotypic characteristics like Gram staining and biochemical reactions as well as genotypic analysis including rRNA sequencing, DNA-DNA hybridization, and G+C content. Bacteria can be classified by their morphology, staining, culture characteristics, environmental requirements, and pathogenicity.
Air condition requirement in hospitalsHeena Kousar
Air conditioning in hospitals is essential for three main reasons:
1) It provides a comfortable environment that allows for faster patient recovery and allows doctors to work more effectively.
2) It helps control the spread of airborne bacteria and viruses by diluting contaminants and removing them via filtration. Specialized HEPA filters are used to filter out 99.97% of particles.
3) Different hospital areas have specific temperature and humidity requirements that air conditioning can precisely regulate, such as operating rooms and burn units. Proper air conditioning is vital for infection control and indoor air quality in healthcare facilities.
The document provides guidelines from the Surviving Sepsis Campaign for the management of severe sepsis and septic shock. It discusses the campaign's goals of reducing mortality from sepsis through evidence-based guidelines and implementation. The guidelines cover initial resuscitation, diagnosis, antibiotic therapy, source control, vasopressors, inotropic support, steroid therapy, activated protein C, transfusion, and mechanical ventilation for sepsis-induced acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome.
This document outlines various ways that bacteria can be classified, including by shape, staining properties, temperature and oxygen requirements, pH tolerance, osmotic pressure tolerance, and cellular structure. Some of the key classification groups mentioned are cocci, bacilli, gram positive and gram negative bacteria, psychrophiles and thermophiles based on temperature, and obligate aerobes versus anaerobes based on oxygen needs. The document provides examples of bacteria that fall into each of the different classification groups.
هذه هى سلسلة من المحاضرات للتوعية الصحية لأجل العناية بأفضل مما يمكن لإنسان أن يحصل عليه - الصحة الجيدة - وأرجو منكم أن ننشر الخير سويا عبر الاصدقاء والعائلات والجيران وحتى الاطفال - فهذا واجب لمجتمعاتنا العربية فى زمن نحتاج فيه للوحدة والتكاتف والاعتدال والايجابية
- Antibiotics selectively target microbial processes without harming human host cells. Proper antibiotic use and hand hygiene have improved patient outcomes.
- Many antibiotics are naturally produced by bacteria and fungi to inhibit competition. Major classes include penicillins, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, macrolides, and sulfonamides.
- Antibiotics work by inhibiting bacterial cell wall, protein, or nucleic acid synthesis. However, antibiotic resistance has emerged through various mechanisms and poses a growing challenge.
This document discusses various ways that bacteria can be classified, including phenotypic and genotypic classification. Phenotypically, bacteria are classified based on their morphology, anatomy, staining characteristics, culture growth, nutritional requirements, and environmental tolerances. Morphologically, bacteria are classified as cocci, bacilli, actinomycetes, spirochetes, mycoplasmas, or rickettsiae/chlamydiae depending on their shape and arrangement. Anatomical features used in classification include whether they have capsules, flagella, spores, and their gram stain reaction.
Antibiotics: classification and spectrum of actionBashar Mudallal
This document provides an overview of different classes of antibiotics, including cell wall inhibitors, protein synthesis inhibitors, topoisomerase inhibitors, anti-metabolites, and anti-mycobacterials. It describes common antibiotics within each class, what types of bacteria they cover, and examples of specific antibiotics. It also briefly discusses empiric antimicrobial therapy and treatment for C. difficile infections.
This is a very simple presentation prepared for nurses. It will help nurses to understand the need of monitoring and the available methods. The presentation has been constructed on a clinical case base scenario and gradually different methods of monitoring has been introduced.
1. The purpose of invasive hemodynamic monitoring is to detect and treat life-threatening conditions such as heart failure and cardiac tamponade by evaluating a patient's cardiovascular function and response to treatment.
2. Indications for hemodynamic monitoring include decreased cardiac output from various causes, shock, loss of cardiac function, and coronary artery disease.
3. A pulmonary artery catheter allows for continuous monitoring of pressures, flows, oxygen saturation and calculation of cardiac output, and helps precisely manage fluid balance and hemodynamics.
Infection prevention and control Lecture 2.pptxmsalahabd
This document provides an overview of standard infection control precautions (SICPs) which are basic measures to reduce infection transmission. It discusses 10 key elements of SICPs including hand hygiene, personal protective equipment, safe patient placement, respiratory hygiene, and safe management of equipment, linen and the care environment. Proper use of SICPs is important for all staff, in all care areas, at all times, and for all patients to ensure safety. SICPs help prevent transmission from both recognized and unrecognized infection sources.
PREVENTION OF CORONA VIRUS INFECTION AMONG HEALTH WORKERS & PATIENTSSANJAY SIR
This presentation is for health care workers & patients to limit the transmission of corona virus infections. it also helps educator of medical, nursing & paramedics to teach their students about control & prevention strategies. it also create awareness among HCWs & common people.
FON infection prevention in the clinical settings- 30.12.20.pptxvijayalakshmi677818
The document outlines infection control measures for clinical settings. It discusses standard precautions like hand hygiene and personal protective equipment that should be applied to all patients. Transmission-based precautions add isolation and additional protective measures for patients with specific infectious diseases. The measures include proper hand hygiene, use of protective equipment, respiratory hygiene, patient screening and placement, cleaning and waste disposal to reduce healthcare-associated infections.
Standard precautions including hand hygiene, use of personal protective equipment like gloves and gowns, and environmental cleaning are the basic level of infection control and should be followed for all patient care. Additional transmission-based precautions like airborne, droplet, or contact precautions are implemented based on the pathogen and route of transmission. Proper use of personal protective equipment, patient placement, and monitoring of isolation practices helps prevent the spread of infectious diseases in healthcare settings.
The document provides guidelines for infection prevention and occupational health programs at the Faculty of Dentistry, October 6 University. It outlines policies for developing and maintaining infection prevention programs, including having training for staff on standard precautions, exposure risks, and proper use of personal protective equipment. It also details procedures for sterilizing dental instruments, cleaning the clinical environment, and managing exposures to infectious materials to minimize risk of disease transmission.
Project Management- Hospital and Healthcare Management NaheedaFatimaKhan
Planning 25 bed hospital in an emergency to be used as an isolation facility for patients of covid-19 in a rural area.
Elaboration for staffing and other requirements
The nursing technique by which a patient with an infectious disease is prevented from infecting other people is called barrier nursing.Hand hygiene is the simplest, most effective measure for infection control.Contact Precautions
Airborne Precautions
Droplet Precautions
Three more elements have been added to standard precautions. They are:
4.1 Respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette
4.2 Safe injection practices
4.3Use of masks for insertion of catheters or injection into spinal or epidural areas
Ppt hospital infection control for small scale hospitalsDrNeha Sharma
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The way to infection control in dental clinics
Introduction:
The unique nature of dental procedures, instrumentation and patient care settings require specific strategies directed to the prevention of transmission of diseases among dental health care workers and their patients.
Disease: impairment of normal functioning, manifested by signs and symptoms.
Infection: state produced by an infected agent in or on a suitable host, host may be or may not have signs or symptoms.
Carrier: individual harbors the agent but does not have symptoms (person can infect others).
Factors that allow or aid infection:
= The presence of pathogenic micro-organisms.
= There must be a portal of entry via which the organisms invade and colonize the susceptible host.
Medical history
A thorough medical history should be taken and up-dated at subsequent examinations. Medical history screening is essential in alerting the clinician to medical problems that could, in conjunction with dental treatment, adversely affect the patient.
Protective measures
Protection can be achieved by a combination of immunization procedures, use of barrier techniques and strict adherence to routine infection control procedures.
(a) Immunization:
All dental health care workers are advised to be immunized against HBV unless immunity from natural infection or previous immunization had been documented
(b) Protective coverings:
=Uniforms:
Uniforms should be changed regularly and whenever soiled. Gowns or aprons should be worn during procedures that are likely to cause spattering or splashing of blood.
=Hand protection:
Gloves must be worn for procedures involving contact with blood, saliva or mucous membrane. A new pair of gloves should be used for each patient.
If a gloves damaged, it must be replaced immediately. Hands should be washed thoroughly with a proprietary disinfectant liquid soap prior to and immediately after the use of gloves.
Disposable paper towels are recommended for drying of hands.
Any cuts o abrasions on the hands or wrists should be covered with adhesive waterproof dressings at all times.
=Protective glasses, masks or face shields Protective:
Glasses, masks or face shields should be worn by operators and close-support dental surgery assistants to protect the eyes against the spatter and aerosols which may occur during cavity preparation, scaling and the cleaning of instruments.
(c) Sharp instruments and needles:
Sharp instruments and needle should be handled with great care to prevent unintentional injury. Needles should never be recapped by using both hands indirect contact or by any other technique that involves moving the point of a used needle towards any part of the body. The needle can be recapped by laying the cap on the tray, placing the cap in a re-sheathing device or holding the cap with forceps before guiding the needle into the cap.
(d) First aid and inoculation injuries:
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Test bank for current medical diagnosis and treatment 2023 2024 62nd edition ...robinsonayot
Test bank for current medical diagnosis and treatment 2023 2024 62nd edition by by maxine papadakis (1).pdf
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The document outlines the key components of an effective hospital infection control program, including establishing an infection control team, committee, and manual. It emphasizes the importance of surveillance to monitor infection rates, preventive activities like standard precautions, and staff training. Standard precautions include proper hand hygiene, use of barriers like gloves and gowns, safe handling of sharps and contaminated materials, and maintaining a clean patient environment. The goal of the program is to reduce infection risk and increase safety.
The document discusses guidelines for developing and implementing an effective infection control program in hospitals, including establishing an infection control team, conducting surveillance to monitor infection rates, implementing standard precautions like hand hygiene and proper waste disposal, and using antimicrobials appropriately through an understanding of their mechanisms of action and developing resistance.
This document discusses various topics related to infection control and prevention. It defines infection control, theories of infection, and mentions Ignaz Semmelweis who discovered the importance of handwashing. It discusses how soap kills microorganisms and the roles and functions of the CDC. It also discusses infection, infective dose, and factors affecting infection. Sterilization, disinfection and cleaning are defined. Modes of transmission, sources of infection, and those susceptible are also discussed.
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An infection control program aims to restrict the spread of infections in healthcare facilities through applying research-based practices. The key components of an infection control program include standard and transmission-based precautions, healthcare worker education and protection, risk minimization, and surveillance. Standard precautions like hand hygiene and personal protective equipment are applied to all patients, while additional airborne, droplet, and contact precautions depend on the specific infection's transmission mode. Proper implementation of infection control measures can reduce patient and staff infections.
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This document discusses isolation precautions and personal protective equipment (PPE) used to prevent the spread of infectious diseases in healthcare settings. It defines isolation as separating infected patients from others, and outlines different types of isolation including strict, respiratory, protective, and others based on transmission route. Standard precautions like hand hygiene and PPE are the minimum precautions to be used with all patients. Transmission-based precautions including contact, droplet, and airborne precautions provide additional measures for certain infectious diseases based on their transmission method. The document details the specific infection control measures for each type of precaution.
Over 1.4 million people each year worldwide suffer from hospital acquired infections. We can follow simple steps and protocols to prevent many of these cases.
Similar to Ic guidelines for burn unit [compatibility mode] (20)
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The diagnosis of HR+ breast cancer begins with clinical evaluation, imaging, and biopsy. Imaging modalities such as mammography, ultrasound, and MRI help in assessing the extent of the disease. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemical staining of the biopsy sample confirm the diagnosis and hormone receptor status by identifying the presence of estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) on the tumor cells.
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Chemotherapy
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- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/Pt1nA32sdHQ
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/uFdc9F0rlP0
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It is hypothesised to regulate hunger, emotions, motor, cognitive, and autonomic processes.
1. ١
KING KHALID HOSPITAL
INFECTION PREVENTION
AND
CONTROL MANUAL
BURN UNIT
Dr. Nahla Abdel Kader, MD, PhD.
Infection Control Consultant, MOH
Infection Control CBAHI Surveyor
Infection Prevention Control Director
KKH.
2. ٢
DEFINITION
Burn patients are susceptible to infection due to the loss of the
body defensive barrier; therefore, the prevention of infection
transmission in these patients is imperative. The Burn Unit is a
critical care area and guidelines are required for preventative
measures for this patient population
COMMENTS
1. Screening should be done promptly on patients that are transferred from another
hospital, have been previously hospitalized within the last 6 months, or have a
previous MDRO history.
2. Thermal injuries result in significant suppression of the immune system.
3. Loss of integument and immunosupression after thermal injury results in a marked
increase in the risk for complicated infections.
4. Infections are the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in burn patients.
5. Observe empiric Contact Isolation Precautions.
6. Standard Precautions Must Be Observed For All Patients Regardless Of The
Infection Status
3. ٣
PROCEDURE
A. Employees are responsible to:
1. Comply with Employee Health (EH) guidelines.
2. Report to EH for:
a. Any suspected infections.
b. Exposure to any communicable disease.
c. Any significant exposure to body fluids through sharp
injuries, splashes, and/or non-intact skin contact.
3. Practice stringent hand hygiene. Refer to ICM - II-04.
a. (N.B.: An antiseptic hand hygiene agent or an alcohol rub
should be used for hand hygiene in burn units because the
gram negative bacilli may be difficult to remove from the
hands of the intensive care setting’s personnel).
4. Clean protective equipment. Refer to ICM – II-03 when
performing dressing changes on all burn care procedures.
All PPE must be removed before leaving patient’s room
4. ٤
Next.. PROCEDURE
5. Change gloves when soiled before continuing with care at
another site on the same patient.
6. Instruct patients/ sitters/ families regarding pertinent
infection prevention measures.
7. Restrict plants and flowers at the bedside of patients because
they harbor gram negative organisms such as pseudomonas
species and fungi.
8. Practice aseptic technique for all patients care procedures
requiring asepsis (catheter insertion and dressings).
9. Implement isolation precautions for patients infected/
colonized with epidemiological significant microorganisms.
Notify Infection Control Practitioner.
10. For pediatric patents: In addition to the recommendations
mentioned above; restrict non washable toys (stuffed
animals, cloth objects)
5. ٥
Next.. PROCEDURE
B. Patients/ Visitors:
1. Patients/ Visitors must adhere to the burn unit
personnel’s recommendations/ instructions regarding
infection prevention requirements (e.g. visiting other
patient, PPE use, hand hygiene).
2. Visitors must be excluded from patient care area during
dressing changes. If a visitor is needed during dressing
(usually for small children) full protective equipment
must be worn.
6. ٦
Next.. PROCEDURE
D. Housekeeping:
1. Housekeeping practices should be stringently monitored by
the unit Charge Nurse to ensure maximum control of common
reservoirs, such as, soap dispensers, sinks and floors.
2. Only disinfectants that are approved by the hospital should be
used.
3. There must be designated cleaning equipment (e.g. mops,
pails, and wet vacuum) for use in the unit.
4. Housekeeping personnel should receive training on the
special needs for environmental sanitation in the unit
7. ٧
Next.. PROCEDURE
E. Central Sterilization and Supply
Department (CSSD):
1. Send all reusable items to CSSD for
reprocessing (cleaning, disinfecting and
sterilizing).
2. Develop procedures for cleaning and
disinfecting all new equipment and submit to
Infection Control Committee.
8. ٨
Next.. PROCEDURE
F. Medical Waste Management:
Medical waste is waste that is potentially infectious to
healthcare and housekeeper workers and the public
and includes: Refer to ICM-IX-02 Infectious Waste
Management
1. Human tissue, bone, organs, and fetus.
2. Any vessel, bag, or tubing that contains blood and can
not be emptied.
3. Bandages and dressing moderately or heavily soaked
with blood