Infection Control Guidelines for Prevention of Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infection
Dr. NAHLA ABDEL KADERوMD, PhD.
INFECTION CONTROL CONSULTANT, MOH
INFECTION CONTROL CBAHI SURVEYOR
Infection Control Director, KKH.
Catheter –Associated Urinary Tract Infection, Management, And Preventionsiosrphr_editor
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
Catheter-associated Urinary Tract Infections (CAUTI)
A urinary tract infection (UTI) is the most common type of healthcare-associated infection reported to the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN). Among UTIs acquired in the hospital, approximately 75% are associated with a urinary catheter, which is a tube inserted into the bladder through the urethra to drain urine. Between 15-25% of hospitalized patients receive urinary catheters during their hospital stay. The most important risk factor for developing a catheter-associated UTI (CAUTI) is prolonged use of the urinary catheter. Therefore, catheters should only be used for appropriate indications and should be removed as soon as they are no longer needed.
Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infections (CAUTI)Ujjwal Shah
This was prepared by Ujjwal Kumar Shah, a medical student at BPKIHS, for a seminar presentation on the topic "Health-care associated Infections" and the subtopic "CAUTI".
Catheter –Associated Urinary Tract Infection, Management, And Preventionsiosrphr_editor
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
Catheter-associated Urinary Tract Infections (CAUTI)
A urinary tract infection (UTI) is the most common type of healthcare-associated infection reported to the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN). Among UTIs acquired in the hospital, approximately 75% are associated with a urinary catheter, which is a tube inserted into the bladder through the urethra to drain urine. Between 15-25% of hospitalized patients receive urinary catheters during their hospital stay. The most important risk factor for developing a catheter-associated UTI (CAUTI) is prolonged use of the urinary catheter. Therefore, catheters should only be used for appropriate indications and should be removed as soon as they are no longer needed.
Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infections (CAUTI)Ujjwal Shah
This was prepared by Ujjwal Kumar Shah, a medical student at BPKIHS, for a seminar presentation on the topic "Health-care associated Infections" and the subtopic "CAUTI".
Prevention of Central Line Associated Blood Stream Infection (CLABSI )[compa...drnahla
Infection Control Guidelines for Prevention of Central Line Associated Blood Stream Infection (CLABSI )
Dr. NAHLA ABDEL KADERوMD, PhD.
INFECTION CONTROL CONSULTANT, MOH
INFECTION CONTROL CBAHI SURVEYOR
Infection Control Director, KKH.
Using the Central Line Bundle
Hand Hygiene
Remove Unnecessary Lines
Use of Maximal Barrier Precautions
Chlorhexidine for Skin Antisepsis
Avoid femoral lines
Report CLABSI rates to the units
Celebrate success!!
Infection control guidelines for Prevention of Peripheral Venous Catheter (PV...drnahla
Infection Control Guidelines for Prevention of Peripheral Venous Catheter (PVC) Associated Infections
Dr. NAHLA ABDEL KADERوMD, PhD.
INFECTION CONTROL CONSULTANT, MOH
INFECTION CONTROL CBAHI SURVEYOR
Infection Control Director, KKH.
Evidence Based Practice: Assassination of Myths CAUTI (Catheter Associated Ur...man0032
Evidence Based Practice: Assassination of Myths CAUTI (Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infections) reviews some of the myths healthcare teams use to perpetuate the need for indwelling urinary catheters (aka foleys) and replaces these myths with Evidence Based Practices. Citations and hyperlinks are included for all recommendations and are current as of Spring 2013. This presentation was presented to the Emory Healthcare system-wide CAUTI prevention retreat both in 2013 and 2014 and has been the basis for both entity and unit-based education to healthcare professionals.
Prevention of Central Line Associated Blood Stream Infection (CLABSI )[compa...drnahla
Infection Control Guidelines for Prevention of Central Line Associated Blood Stream Infection (CLABSI )
Dr. NAHLA ABDEL KADERوMD, PhD.
INFECTION CONTROL CONSULTANT, MOH
INFECTION CONTROL CBAHI SURVEYOR
Infection Control Director, KKH.
Using the Central Line Bundle
Hand Hygiene
Remove Unnecessary Lines
Use of Maximal Barrier Precautions
Chlorhexidine for Skin Antisepsis
Avoid femoral lines
Report CLABSI rates to the units
Celebrate success!!
Infection control guidelines for Prevention of Peripheral Venous Catheter (PV...drnahla
Infection Control Guidelines for Prevention of Peripheral Venous Catheter (PVC) Associated Infections
Dr. NAHLA ABDEL KADERوMD, PhD.
INFECTION CONTROL CONSULTANT, MOH
INFECTION CONTROL CBAHI SURVEYOR
Infection Control Director, KKH.
Evidence Based Practice: Assassination of Myths CAUTI (Catheter Associated Ur...man0032
Evidence Based Practice: Assassination of Myths CAUTI (Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infections) reviews some of the myths healthcare teams use to perpetuate the need for indwelling urinary catheters (aka foleys) and replaces these myths with Evidence Based Practices. Citations and hyperlinks are included for all recommendations and are current as of Spring 2013. This presentation was presented to the Emory Healthcare system-wide CAUTI prevention retreat both in 2013 and 2014 and has been the basis for both entity and unit-based education to healthcare professionals.
Healthcare Associated Infections (HAIs) are the fourth leading cause of death in the USA. About 1.8 million patients suffer annually from care-related infections. HAIs cause 99,000 deaths every year in the US alone, at a cost of $3.1 billion dollars in excess healthcare costs in acute care hospitals. Besides HAIs kill more people than AIDS, breast cancer and auto accidents combined.
It is estimated that 271 people died each day from healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) such as Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections. Which is equivalent to one airline crash per day.
This comprehensive lecture by Dr. Anthony Perez discusses the epidemiology, presentation, management and preventive strategies against surgical site infections
Critical care nursing lectures for undergraduate and post graduate students. The infection control in ICU includes all procedures needed to control infection among patients in ICU followed by nursing students
Definition of Hospital acquired infection, incidence of HAI, chain of infection, epidemiology triad (agent, host, environment). types of transmission, types of HAIs [VAP, CAUTI, SSI, CLABSI] management measures for HAIs. Bundles of care for HAIs.
Running head PICOT AND LITERATURE SEARCH 1.docxtodd581
Running head: PICOT AND LITERATURE SEARCH 1
PICOT and Statement Literature Search
Student’s Name: Yeni Hernandez
Date: 7/22/2018
Course: NRS-433V
PICOT and Statement Literature Search
Nursing Practice Problem
Doctors use urinary catheters to empty urine from patients who have impaired urinary system. Such patients might suffer from kidney failure due to pressure exerted on their kidneys, this is dangerous and can permanently damage their kidneys. The Urinary catheters, however, may cause potential complications on the patients. Research carried on BMC Urology shows that most patients end up suffering from urinary tract infections (UTI) after the use of indwelling urinary catheters. Other complications such as kidney damage, injury to the urethra, bladder stones, and blood in the urine, septicemia and allergic reactions may arise from the usage of the urinary catheter (Feneley, Hopley, & Wells., 2015).
Picot Statement
Prognosis/Prediction: For pediatric patients 65 years and older (P), how does the use of catheters for much longer time (I) compared to the use of indwelling catheters for shorter time(C) influence the risk of Catheter-associated urinary infections(O) during the first ten weeks of indwelling catheter usage(T)?
Most patients who are placed in indwelling catheters for more than the expected time have had the risk of developing urinary tract infections, allergic reactions and others experience challenges in their kidneys.
What are some of the practical methods used to ensure that catheter-related diseases are reduced?
This study aims to make sure that indwelling urethral catheters (IDC) are carried out in a manner that minimizes risks to infection and trauma (Conway & Larson, 2011).
1st study
Feneley, R. C., Hopley, I. B., & Wells, P. N. (2015). Urinary catheters: history, current status, adverse events and research agenda. Journal of Medical Engineering & Technology, 39(8), 459-470. doi:10.3109/03091902.2015.1085600
I chose this study because the there is a qualitative analysis of the article and the scale of the burden of urinary incontinence. Statistical data collected from the year 2006 to 2007 recorded millions of people in England with consistent problems, and in the year 2011, the number of patients had increased than the previous year. Studies show urinary infections have wider effects on the older generation, and those over 85 years of age suffered most, followed by those with over 65 years of age. Challenges emerge while an attempt is made to care for the old people and patients affected.
One study reveals that US nursing homes that received 420 admissions had 39% of patients experiencing a daytime urinary inconsistency most of them aged 65 years and above (Feneley, Hopley, & Wells., 2015).Clinicians often choose Catheterization as the last option due to high chances of urinary tract infections. In 2002, US had incidences of advance events of catheter induced_ infections occurring and causing deat.
Running head PICOT AND LITERATURE SEARCH 1.docxglendar3
Running head: PICOT AND LITERATURE SEARCH 1
PICOT and Statement Literature Search
Student’s Name: Yeni Hernandez
Date: 7/22/2018
Course: NRS-433V
PICOT and Statement Literature Search
Nursing Practice Problem
Doctors use urinary catheters to empty urine from patients who have impaired urinary system. Such patients might suffer from kidney failure due to pressure exerted on their kidneys, this is dangerous and can permanently damage their kidneys. The Urinary catheters, however, may cause potential complications on the patients. Research carried on BMC Urology shows that most patients end up suffering from urinary tract infections (UTI) after the use of indwelling urinary catheters. Other complications such as kidney damage, injury to the urethra, bladder stones, and blood in the urine, septicemia and allergic reactions may arise from the usage of the urinary catheter (Feneley, Hopley, & Wells., 2015).
Picot Statement
Prognosis/Prediction: For pediatric patients 65 years and older (P), how does the use of catheters for much longer time (I) compared to the use of indwelling catheters for shorter time(C) influence the risk of Catheter-associated urinary infections(O) during the first ten weeks of indwelling catheter usage(T)?
Most patients who are placed in indwelling catheters for more than the expected time have had the risk of developing urinary tract infections, allergic reactions and others experience challenges in their kidneys.
What are some of the practical methods used to ensure that catheter-related diseases are reduced?
This study aims to make sure that indwelling urethral catheters (IDC) are carried out in a manner that minimizes risks to infection and trauma (Conway & Larson, 2011).
1st study
Feneley, R. C., Hopley, I. B., & Wells, P. N. (2015). Urinary catheters: history, current status, adverse events and research agenda. Journal of Medical Engineering & Technology, 39(8), 459-470. doi:10.3109/03091902.2015.1085600
I chose this study because the there is a qualitative analysis of the article and the scale of the burden of urinary incontinence. Statistical data collected from the year 2006 to 2007 recorded millions of people in England with consistent problems, and in the year 2011, the number of patients had increased than the previous year. Studies show urinary infections have wider effects on the older generation, and those over 85 years of age suffered most, followed by those with over 65 years of age. Challenges emerge while an attempt is made to care for the old people and patients affected.
One study reveals that US nursing homes that received 420 admissions had 39% of patients experiencing a daytime urinary inconsistency most of them aged 65 years and above (Feneley, Hopley, & Wells., 2015).Clinicians often choose Catheterization as the last option due to high chances of urinary tract infections. In 2002, US had incidences of advance events of catheter induced_ infections occurring and causing deat.
Employee's' health clinic orientation [compatibility mode]drnahla
Employee's' health clinic orientation
Infection Control Guidelines for Staff Health Clinic
Dr. Nahla Abdel Kader.MD, PhD. Infection Control Consultant, MOH Infection Control Surveyor, CBAHI Infection Control Director,KKH.
Barrier technique personal protective equipment [compatibility mode]drnahla
Infection Control Guidelines for appropriate use of personal protective equipment Barrier technique personal protective equipment
Dr. Nahla Abdel Kader.MD, PhD. Infection Control Consultant, MOH Infection Control Surveyor, CBAHI Infection Control Director,KKH.
Infection prevention & control general orientation [compatibility mode]drnahla
Infection prevention & control general orientation
Dr. Nahla Abdel Kader, MD, PhD.
Infection Control Consultant, MOH
Infection Control CBAHI Surveyor
Infection Prevention Control Director
KKH.
Infection Control Guidelines for Sharp Injuries Prevention
Dr. NAHLA ABDEL KADERوMD, PhD.
INFECTION CONTROL CONSULTANT, MOH
INFECTION CONTROL CBAHI SURVEYOR
Infection Control Director, KKH.
Sharp injuries and needle stick post exposure prophylaxis [compatibility mode]drnahla
Infection Control Guidelines for Sharp injuries and needle stick post exposure prophylaxis
Dr. NAHLA ABDEL KADERوMD, PhD.
INFECTION CONTROL CONSULTANT, MOH
INFECTION CONTROL CBAHI SURVEYOR
Infection Control Director, KKH.
Role of infection control in patient safety [compatibility mode]drnahla
Infection Control and Patient Safety
Dr. NAHLA ABDEL KADERوMD, PhD.
INFECTION CONTROL CONSULTANT, MOH
INFECTION CONTROL CBAHI SURVEYOR
Infection Control Director, KKH.
Prevention of Surgical Site Infection- SSI [compatibility mode]drnahla
Infection Control Guidelines for Prevention of Surgical Site Infection- SSI
Dr. NAHLA ABDEL KADERوMD, PhD.
INFECTION CONTROL CONSULTANT, MOH
INFECTION CONTROL CBAHI SURVEYOR
Infection Control Director, KKH.
Infection Control Guidelines in Tuberculosis [compatibility mode]drnahla
Infection Control Guidelines in Tuberculosis
Dr. NAHLA ABDEL KADERوMD, PhD.
INFECTION CONTROL CONSULTANT, MOH
INFECTION CONTROL CBAHI SURVEYOR
Infection Control Director, KKH.
Guidelines for Management of Outbreak in Healthcare Organizationdrnahla
Guidelines for Management of Outbreak in Healthcare Organization
Dr. NAHLA ABDEL KADERوMD, PhD.
INFECTION CONTROL CONSULTANT, MOH
INFECTION CONTROL CBAHI SURVEYOR
Infection Control Director, KKH.
Infection Control Guidelines for Ophthalmology Clinic [compatibility mode]drnahla
Infection Control Guidelines for Ophthalmology Clinic
Infection Prevention in Ophthalmology Clinic
Dr. NAHLA ABDEL KADERوMD, PhD.
INFECTION CONTROL CONSULTANT, MOH
INFECTION CONTROL CBAHI SURVEYOR
Infection Control Director, KKH.
Infection Control Guidelines for Physiotherapy Services[compatibility mode]drnahla
Infection Control Guidelines for Physiotherapy Services
Infection Prevention in Physiotherapy Services
Dr. NAHLA ABDEL KADERوMD, PhD.
INFECTION CONTROL CONSULTANT, MOH
INFECTION CONTROL CBAHI SURVEYOR
Infection Control Director, KKH.
Infection Control Guidelines for Respiratory Therapy Services[compatibility m...drnahla
Infection Control Guidelines for Respiratory Therapy Services
Infection Prevention in Respiratory Therapy Services
Dr. NAHLA ABDEL KADERوMD, PhD.
INFECTION CONTROL CONSULTANT, MOH
INFECTION CONTROL CBAHI SURVEYOR
Infection Control Director, KKH.
Infection Control Guidelines for Nutrition Services [compatibility mode]drnahla
Infection Control Guidelines for Nutrition Services
Infection Prevention in Dietary Department
Dr. NAHLA ABDEL KADERوMD, PhD.
INFECTION CONTROL CONSULTANT, MOH
INFECTION CONTROL CBAHI SURVEYOR
Infection Control Director, KKH.
Infection Control Guidelines for Pharmacy [compatibility mode]drnahla
Infection Control Guidelines for Pharmacy
Infection Prevention in Pharmacy
Dr. NAHLA ABDEL KADERوMD, PhD.
INFECTION CONTROL CONSULTANT, MOH
INFECTION CONTROL CBAHI SURVEYOR
Infection Control Director, KKH.
Infection Control Guidelines for Laundry Services [compatibility mode]drnahla
Infection Control Guidelines for Laundry Services
Infection Prevention in Laundry
Dr. Nahla Abdel Kader.MD, PhD. Infection Control Consultant, MOH Infection Control Surveyor, CBAHI Infection Control Director,KKH.
Ic guidelines for mortuary care [compatibility mode]drnahla
Infection Control Guidelines for mortuary care
Dr. Nahla Abdel Kader.MD, PhD. Infection Control Consultant, MOH Infection Control Surveyor, CBAHI Infection Control Director,KKH.
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,sisternakatoto
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,ABORTION WOMEN’S CLINIC +27730423979 IN women clinic we believe that every woman should be able to make choices in her pregnancy. Our job is to provide compassionate care, safety,affordable and confidential services. That’s why we have won the trust from all generations of women all over the world. we use non surgical method(Abortion pills) to terminate…Dr.LISA +27730423979women Clinic is committed to providing the highest quality of obstetrical and gynecological care to women of all ages. Our dedicated staff aim to treat each patient and her health concerns with compassion and respect.Our dedicated group ABORTION WOMEN’S CLINIC +27730423979 IN women clinic we believe that every woman should be able to make choices in her pregnancy. Our job is to provide compassionate care, safety,affordable and confidential services. That’s why we have won the trust from all generations of women all over the world. we use non surgical method(Abortion pills) to terminate…Dr.LISA +27730423979women Clinic is committed to providing the highest quality of obstetrical and gynecological care to women of all ages. Our dedicated staff aim to treat each patient and her health concerns with compassion and respect.Our dedicated group of receptionists, nurses, and physicians have worked together as a teamof receptionists, nurses, and physicians have worked together as a team wwww.lisywomensclinic.co.za/
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
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Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
2. Healthcare Associated
Urinary Tract Infections
It is the most common type (± 40%) of NI
involving both LTC and acute hospital settings
Instrumentation is almost always associated
with all cases
Being the most common it is the most
preventable
Adults and children are equally affected
٢
3. Main Types of Infections
Main Types of HAIs
17%
44%
18%
10%
11%
UTI
SSI
BSI
Pneumo
Others
٣
4. Epidemiology of
Catheter Associated Urinary
Tract Infection
Magnitude
of the problem
Incidence and cost
15 – 20 % of total hospital admission have
FC
Nearly 900,000 nosocomial UTI in the US
900,
It cost $600 million if LOS increased by 1 day
$600
In reality LOS increased by average of 3.8
days costing $3 billion
$3
٤
5. Epidemiology of
CAUTI
cont….
Mortality
Related to bacteremia which accounts for 0.3
– 3.9% of total UTIs
Out of which fatality exceed 30% (4500
30% (4500
death/year)
Morbidity
Spread of infection through out urinary tract
causing; absesses, epididymitis, orchitis…etc.
orchitis…
Other complications like stones and polyps
٥
6. Epidemiology of
CAUTI
cont….
Consequences of antibiotic use
Emergence of resistant strains
Epidemics of HA UTI
Urinary drainage bag act as a reservoir for the
organisms to colonize and to transfer the
resistant plasmid
With poor hand hygiene cross-infection lead to
crosshospital wide organisms
٦
7. Epidemiology of
CAUTI
cont….
Catheter use
It is an instrumentation that is almost used in all
hospitals
Endemics occurs throughout the hospital
The daily IR is 2-16% for the first 10 days in the
close system drainage
Universal infection by 30 days in the close
system drainage
٧
8. Role of catheter
Transurethral catheter break the normal defense
mechanism
The retention balloon prevents complete emptying
Open channel to the bladder
Foreign body
٨
14. Diagnosis OF CAUTI
CDC Definition
Exclude infections that acquired prior to admission
Asymptomatic bacteriuia should
have > 100,000 cfu/cc
Culturing the catheter tip is of NO VALUE
Uses of symptoms; only fever
١٤
16. Appropriate Urinary
Catheter Use
Insert catheters only for appropriate indications and leave in
place only as long as needed.
Do not use catheters in patients for management of
incontinence.
Use catheters in operative patients only as
necessary, rather than routinely.
For operative patients who have an indication for an
indwelling catheter, remove the catheter as soon as
possible, preferably within 24 hours, unless there are
appropriate indications for continued use.
١٦
18. Appropriate Urinary
Catheter Use, cont
Use alternatives to indwelling urethral catheters in selected
patients when appropriate.
Condom catheter drainage is preferable to indwelling urethral
catheters in cooperative male patients without retention or bladder
outlet obstruction.
Intermittent catheterization is preferable to indwelling urethral or
suprapubic catheters in those with bladder emptying dysfunction.
An ultrasound to assess urine volume may be used for those
undergoing intermittent catheterization to reduce unnecessary
catheter insertions.
Clean technique for intermittent catheterization is an acceptable
alternative to sterile technique for those requiring chronic
intermittent catheterization.
In the acute setting, use sterile technique and equipment for
intermittent catheterization.
١٨
19. Catheter Insertion
Perform hand hygiene
immediately before and after
insertion or any manipulation of the
catheter or site.
Ensure that only properly trained
persons who know the correct
technique of aseptic catheter
insertion and maintenance are
given this responsibility.
Insert catheters using aseptic
technique and sterile equipment.
Properly secure indwelling
catheters after insertion to prevent
movement and urethral traction.
Use the smallest bore catheter
possible to minimize urethral
trauma.
Catheter Maintenance
Maintain a sterile, continuously
closed drainage system.
Do not disconnect the catheter
and drainage system unless the
catheter must be irrigated.
Maintain unobstructed urine flow.
Do not use complex urinary
drainage systems as a routine
infection prevention measure.
Do not change indwelling
catheters or bags at arbitrary fixed
intervals.
Do not use systemic
antimicrobials routinely as
prophylaxis for UTI in patients
requiring either short or long-term
catheterization.
١٩
21. Systems Interventions
Implement quality improvement (QI) programs to enhance
appropriate use of catheters and to reduce the risk of CAUTI.
The purposes of QI programs should be:
to assure appropriate utilization of catheters
to identify and remove unnecessary catheters
to ensure hand hygiene and proper catheter care
CAUTI PREVENTION BUNDLE
٢١
23. WHAT IS A BUNDLE?
A bundle is a structured way of improving
processes of care and patient outcomes.
It is a small straightforward set of practices –
generally three to five that when performed
collectively, reliably and continuously, have
been proven to improve patient outcome.
٢٣
24. CAUTI Insertion Bundle
Documenting Optimal Care
The Bundle
1. All patients with urinary catheters on OUR
ward/clinical area will have a CAUTI insertion
checklist.
2. The CAUTI insertion checklist will be
complete and show that the care at catheter
insertion was optimal.
٢٤
25. CAUTI Maintenance Bundle
Remove catheters as soon as possible,
care for catheters individually
The Bundle
1. Perform a daily review of the need for the urinary catheter.
2.Check the catheter has been continuously connected to the
drainage system.
3. Ensure patients are aware of their role in preventing urinary
tract infection. (Alternative bundle criterion if the patient is unable
to be made aware: Perform routine daily meatal hygiene).
4. Regularly empty urinary drainage bags as separate procedures,
each into a clean container.
5.Perform hand hygiene and don gloves and apron prior to each
catheter care procedure; on procedure completion, remove gloves
and apron and perform hand hygiene again.
٢٥
26. CAUTI Insertion Bundle Standard Operating Procedure
Statement
UCs are used frequently in healthcare, however, the use of UCs can lead to serious life-threatening complications.
UCs cause urinary tract infections and are the second leading cause of blood stream infections. To minimise the
risk of complications, the insertion procedure must be optimal.
We have a duty to our patients to optimise UC insertion care and to ensure that our UC care does not cause the
patients harm. Monitoring our UC insertion care will assist us to optimise procedures, reduce the risk to patients
and demonstrate the quality of care we provide.
Objectives
Objectives:
1.To optimise Urinary Catheter insertion procedures in OUR ward/clinical area and thereby minimise the risk of
catheter associated urinary tract infections and secondary bacteraemias.
2.To be able to demonstrate quality urinary catheter insertion care in OUR ward/clinical area.
Requirements
Before the CAUTI Insertion Bundle Procedure can be considered:
Signed commitment from the clinical team: consultants; junior doctors, ward manager and nurse team to
optimising UC care.
Procedure
Perform hand hygiene..١
2.Collect a bundle form and complete the top boxes: name, location, etc.
3.Identify all patients in the ward/clinical area who have a urinary catheter.
4.Review the medical/nursing notes of all patients with a urinary catheter and identify whether a CAUTI Insertion
Checklist is present.
5.Note the presence/absence of the CAUTI Insertion Checklist on the CAUTI bundle form.
6.Review the CAUTI Insertion Checklist; if complete and the catheter insertion procedure was recorded as optimal
Record as appropriate on the CAUTI Insertion Bundle form. Optimal is all the actions recorded as Yes and
catheter size, balloon size, sterile water amount and reason for catheterisation being completed.
7.For each patient with a urinary catheter, repeat steps 4-6 until all notes and CAUTI Insertion Checklists have
been identified and reviewed.
8.Complete the remaining CAUTI Insertion bundle form sections.
After care
٢٦
Complete form.
Give it to:
Discuss and display the data when it has been returned.
Keep Bundle forms for _____(time)
27. Patient Name
Hospital Number
Date the catheter was inserted
Resident Ward
Before the procedure
Alternatives to indwelling catheterisation have been considered and the need for urinary catheterisation in this patient outweighs possible complications.
Yes
No
The clinical reason for insertion is specified and documented (see box below).
Yes
No
The operator has been deemed competent in performing this procedure, or the role is being performed with supervision from a competent person.
Yes
No
The operator has explained the need for a urinary catheter, and the potential complications to the patient, and gained the patient’s consent.
Yes
No
The operator, and supervisor, removed jewellery, put on a clean plastic apron and performed a hygienic hand hygiene procedure and donned sterile gloves.
Yes
No
The smallest gauge for effective drainage has been selected: state size; _______
Yes
No
The balloon is <10mls in size: state size of balloon; ____mls, and amount of sterile water inserted into balloon ____mls.
Yes
No
Prior to starting the procedure: the procedure process was explained to the patient and the patient was reassured.
Yes
No
During the procedure did the operator
Clean the urethral meatus with sterile saline
Yes
No
Lubricate the catheter with sterile lubricant
Yes
No
Insert the catheter a little further once urine starts to drain before inflating the balloon (to ensure catheter is inserted in the bladder and not urethra).
Yes
No
Aseptically connect the catheter to a sterile approved drainage bag.
Yes No
After the procedure did the operator
Check drained urine for cloudiness and send a specimen to the laboratory if the urine was cloudy or offensive or if the patient had symptoms suggestive of a urinary tract
infection.
Yes
No
Position the catheter below the level of the bladder on a clean stand that prevents any part of the catheter drainage system coming into contact with the floor.
Yes
No
Name of Operator:
Name of Observer (if present):
Valid clinical reasons for indwelling urinary catheterisation
The clinical team need to closely monitor urinary output (haemodynamic monitoring)
The patient cannot sufficiently empty his/her bladder (bladder outlet obstruction)
The patient has a lack of bladder control and signs that the kidneys are not working well
The patient has open wounds or pressure sores around the buttocks that are frequently soiled/contaminated with urine.
٢٧
The patient is severely ill, or has a disability that makes moving or changing very painful.
State the reason for catheterisation if not one of the above:
Tick
28. Ward
Named
individual
performing
bundle
Date
Signature
Patient Observation
Was the urinary catheter
inserted in this clinical
area?
Is there a Urinary
Catheter Insertion
Checklist for this patient?
If present, does the Urinary Catheter Insertion
Checklist indicate optimal insertion care?
1.
Yes
No
Don’t know
Yes
No
Yes
No
What, if anything, was missing or incorrect:
2.
Yes
No
Don’t know
Yes
No
Yes
No
What, if anything, was missing or incorrect:
3.
Yes
No
Don’t know
Yes
No
Yes
No
What, if anything, was missing or incorrect:
4.
Yes
No
Don’t know
Yes
No
Yes
No
What, if anything, was missing or incorrect:
5.
Yes
No
Don’t know
Yes
No
Yes
No
What, if anything, was missing or incorrect:
6.
Yes
No
Don’t know
Yes
No
Yes
No
What, if anything, was missing or incorrect:
٢٨7.
Yes
No
Don’t know
Yes
No
Yes
No
What, if anything, was missing or incorrect:
29. Total
Comment (if
required)
Summary Table of UC Maintenance Bundle Findings
Total number of UCs in situ at start of the Bundle
Total number of UCs inserted in our clinical area
Total number of UCs inserted in our clinical area with insertion checklists
Total number of UCs with optimal care documented on insertion checklist
All or None Table – Was UC insertion care optimal
Tick if achieved
100%
100% of UCs inserted in our clinical area had an insertion checklist
100%
100% of UCs inserted in our clinical area had an insertion checklist showing optimal care
Insertion care was optimal if there was a complete and optimal insertion catheter checklist for
each urinary catheter inserted in this clinical area.
If insertion care was not optimal for urinary catheters inserted in other clinical areas, consider what can be done to
communicate this to the clinical leaders responsible.
responsible.
٢٩
31. The day the first positive
urine specimen is taken
OR
The day the physician diagnoses
the CAUTI and institutes antibiotics
٣١
32. A patient is admitted to the
hospital and has a catheter inserted on
admission (Day 1).The following day
(Day 2) this patient presents with a fever,
loin tenderness and the physician
diagnoses a UTI and
prescribes antibiotics
Does the patient meet the criteria
for a CAUTI?
٣٢
33. NO
The first positive urine specimen must be
taken or physician diagnosis of UTI
must be more than 48 hours after the
catheter was inserted
٣٣
34. A patient is admitted to the
hospital with a catheter in
situ
Are they included in CAUTI
surveillance?
٣٤
35. NO
With the exception of patients
who have a catheter inserted in ER
or theatre prior to being admitted to
the specialty
٣٥
36. A patient is undergoing
treatment for a UTI
and has a urinary catheter
inserted
Are they included in the CAUTI
surveillance?
٣٦
37. NO
Patients are excluded from CAUTI
surveillance if they are
undergoing treatment for a
UTI at the time the catheter is
inserted
٣٧
38. A patient had a catheter removed
and 2 days later they develop
signs and symptoms for UTI
Do they have a CAUTI?
٣٨
39. YES
A UTI is considered to be
catheter associated if the
patient had a catheter
removed within the three
days prior to the onset of the
UTI
٣٩
40. A patient has a catheter
inserted in theatre before
transfer to the ward
Are they included in the
CAUTI surveillance?
٤٠
41. YES
Patients who have a catheter
inserted in ER or theatre prior to
being admitted to the specialty are
included
٤١
42. A patient has a catheter inserted.
5 days later the catheter is removed
and immediately replaced
Is this considered to be a “new” or
“continuous” catheterisation?
٤٢
43. Continuous catheterisation
Any catheter replaced within 24 hours of
removal of the previous catheter is
a continuous catheterisation
If the interval between catheter removal
and catheter replacement is more than 24
hours, a new period of catheterisation
should be started
٤٣
45. 3 Days
Unless they are discharged,
transferred or die, develop a
CAUTI or the 30 day surveillance
period ends before the end of the 3
day follow up period
٤٥
46. A patient has intermittent
catheterisation
Are they included in
surveillance?
٤٦
48. A patient is transferred to the
surveillance specialty where a catheter is
inserted.
Transfer notes state that the patient had
a catheter in situ previously and it was
removed 5 days prior to transfer.
Does the patient meet the criteria for a
“Previous Period of Catheterisation”
٤٨
49. YES
A patient who has has a previous
catheter removed more than 24
hours but less than 7 days before
the insertion of the present catheter
meets the criteria for “Previous
Period of Catheterisation”
٤٩