This document analyzes a transistor clamped H-bridge split phase PWM inverter. It presents the circuit diagram of the proposed inverter which uses coupled inductors to prevent short circuits and reduce reverse recovery losses. A double reference single carrier modulation technique is used to generate PWM signals from two reference signals and a triangular carrier, producing a five-level output voltage. Simulation results in MATLAB Simulink show the five-level output voltage waveform and total harmonic distortion of 8.43%, demonstrating reduced harmonics compared to conventional inverters. The proposed inverter topology and modulation control method aim to improve efficiency, reliability and output waveform quality.
This paper presents a MATLAB/SIMULINK model of two multi-level inverter topologies. Algorithms based on space vector modulation (SVM) technique are developed in order to conduct a comparative study on diode clamped five and seven level inverters. The scheme used to develop these control algorithms are based on symmetrical sequence because of the symmetry of the switching wave. Both topologies are simulated and analyzed using a squirrel cage induction motor. The results have showed that the best motor dynamic response with less harmonic distortion and torque fluctuations is obtained when seven-level inverter is employed.
Modeling and Simulation of a Carrier-based PWM Voltage Source Inverter for a ...IAES-IJPEDS
The analysis of a carrier-based PWM two level voltage source inverter for a nine phase induction machine drive system is presented in this paper. Methods for generating zero-sequence signals during balanced and unbalanced condition are established. Simulation results for the analysis are presented. Two fault conditions involving the voltage source inverter and the nine-phase squirrel cage induction machine load are investigated. For the two fault scenarios considered, the effects on the performance characteristics of the induction machine load are highlighted. The simulation results obtained show that the two imbalance conditions considered result in substantial oscillations on the electromagnetic torque of the machine with attendant reduction in the torque rating. There is also large slip in the rotor speed.
Study of sinusoidal and space vector pulse width modulation techniques for a ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
This paper compares and evaluates the performance of Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) and Space Vector Pulse Width
Modulation (SVPWM) techniques for a three-level inverter by cascading two two-level inverters. In this topology, four power
semiconductor switches are used per phase and a total of twelve switches are required. The simulation study shows that SVPWM is
superior to SPWM in the aspects of better DC-bus utilization and offering better spectral performance.
Index Terms: space vector modulation, multi-level inverters, sine-triangle modulation, and cascaded inverter
This paper presents investigation and performance analysis of novel down sampling based clamping SV PWM technique for diode and cascaded Multi-level Invereter fed to Induction motor drive. A novel down sampling based clamping SVPWM has developed by adding triangular off set to sinusoidal fundamental waveform is modified by down sampling the reference wave by order of 10 so this technique is called clamping space vector pulse width modulation techniques such as PD, POD and APOD. so as to shift the lower order harmonics to higher order side. This novel carrier is compared with the offset injected space vector reference waveform to generate the required PWM pulses to the inverter. To analyze the performance of the proposed PWM technique it is implemented on seven level diode and cascaded Multi-level Inverter using Matlab/Simulink software tool for output line, phase voltage, currents, speed, torque and Total harmonic distortion analysis.
This paper presents a MATLAB/SIMULINK model of two multi-level inverter topologies. Algorithms based on space vector modulation (SVM) technique are developed in order to conduct a comparative study on diode clamped five and seven level inverters. The scheme used to develop these control algorithms are based on symmetrical sequence because of the symmetry of the switching wave. Both topologies are simulated and analyzed using a squirrel cage induction motor. The results have showed that the best motor dynamic response with less harmonic distortion and torque fluctuations is obtained when seven-level inverter is employed.
Modeling and Simulation of a Carrier-based PWM Voltage Source Inverter for a ...IAES-IJPEDS
The analysis of a carrier-based PWM two level voltage source inverter for a nine phase induction machine drive system is presented in this paper. Methods for generating zero-sequence signals during balanced and unbalanced condition are established. Simulation results for the analysis are presented. Two fault conditions involving the voltage source inverter and the nine-phase squirrel cage induction machine load are investigated. For the two fault scenarios considered, the effects on the performance characteristics of the induction machine load are highlighted. The simulation results obtained show that the two imbalance conditions considered result in substantial oscillations on the electromagnetic torque of the machine with attendant reduction in the torque rating. There is also large slip in the rotor speed.
Study of sinusoidal and space vector pulse width modulation techniques for a ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
This paper compares and evaluates the performance of Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) and Space Vector Pulse Width
Modulation (SVPWM) techniques for a three-level inverter by cascading two two-level inverters. In this topology, four power
semiconductor switches are used per phase and a total of twelve switches are required. The simulation study shows that SVPWM is
superior to SPWM in the aspects of better DC-bus utilization and offering better spectral performance.
Index Terms: space vector modulation, multi-level inverters, sine-triangle modulation, and cascaded inverter
This paper presents investigation and performance analysis of novel down sampling based clamping SV PWM technique for diode and cascaded Multi-level Invereter fed to Induction motor drive. A novel down sampling based clamping SVPWM has developed by adding triangular off set to sinusoidal fundamental waveform is modified by down sampling the reference wave by order of 10 so this technique is called clamping space vector pulse width modulation techniques such as PD, POD and APOD. so as to shift the lower order harmonics to higher order side. This novel carrier is compared with the offset injected space vector reference waveform to generate the required PWM pulses to the inverter. To analyze the performance of the proposed PWM technique it is implemented on seven level diode and cascaded Multi-level Inverter using Matlab/Simulink software tool for output line, phase voltage, currents, speed, torque and Total harmonic distortion analysis.
Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation Schemes for Two-Level Voltage Source Inve...IDES Editor
Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM)
method is an advanced, computation intensive PWM method
and possibly the best among all the PWM techniques for
variable frequency drive applications. The SVPWM is an
alternative method for the determination of switching pulse
width and their position. The major advantage of SVPWM
stem from the fact that, there is a degree of freedom of space
vector placement in a switching cycle. This feature improves
the harmonic performance of this method. This method has
been finding widespread application in recent years because
of the easier digital realization and better dc bus utilization.
In this paper, three SVPWM schemes, called 7-segment space
vector modulation (SVM), 7-segment SVM with even-order
harmonic elimination and 5-segment (discontinuous) SVM
are studied in detail. The theoretical analysis, design,
switching sequence and SIMULINK implementation of these
three SVM schemes is presented in step-by-step manner
Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation Technique Applied to Two Level Voltage So...Qusai Abdelrahman
Space vector pulse width modulation SVPWM provides a better technique compared to the other pulse width modulation techniques. This paper presents simulation and implementation of SVPWM signal generation for driving three phase two level voltage source inverter VSI, also proposes and analyzes a new switching sequence for generating an SVPWM. Simulation results are obtained using the simulation package PSIM. and the inverter performance is evaluated in terms of total harmonic distortion (THD). The model is experimentally implemented and verified on Arduino Mega Atmega2560 microcontroller.
Total Harmonic Distortion of Dodecagonal Space Vector ModulationIJPEDS-IAES
Space vector modulation technique is one of the best PWM techniques which have been implemented to the Multilevel inverter circuit to get the purely sinusoidal cuurent. This is a important algorithm which is implemented in open wind induction motor. This type of I.M has great impact on Electric Drive system. SVM is nothing but the technique of switching algorithm. The Hexagonal space vector modulation has been implemented before, but elimination of higher order harmonics is not possible. Torque pulsation arises. Speed control of Induction motor was not smooth. So Dodecagonal (12) structure developed. A 12 side polygonal space vector structure is meant for eliminating (6n±1) harmonics in the phase current waveform throughout the modulating range. A high resolution of PWM technique is proposed involving multiple 12 sided polygonal (Dodecagonal) structure that can generate highly sinusoidal voltage at a reduced switching frequency. In this paper different values of frequencies have been taken for harmonic analysis. SVM method features a higher level of dc-bus voltage utilization compared to the conventional PWM.
Analysis of Multilevel Inverter using Bipolar and Unipolar Switching Schemes ...ijsrd.com
Cascaded H-bridge Multilevel Inverter (MLI) is most efficient topology for medium and high voltage DC-AC conversion, having less output harmonics and less commutation losses. Disadvantages are their complexity, more number of power devices, passive components and a complex control circuitry. Here a Cascaded Hybrid Multilevel Inverter is used to produce a three phase 9-level output voltages. Now a day inverter is also know as a DC-AC converter, is one of the most popular part of electrical device. This proposed inverter widely used in industries application such as speed control of induction motor. This thesis focus on three phase 9-level bipolar and unipolar switching inverter with characteristics like output voltage boosting ability and also we discus about the bipolar and unipolar switching scheme along with capacitor voltage control. The modified topology uses Cascaded H-bridge (CHB) with bidirectional and unidirectional switches producing boost up output voltage. Here a hybrid Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) technique is applied to control the power devices. This modulation technique uses a sine wave and a repeating wave, these waves are combined and a complete reference wave is generated. There is comparative study between CHB and modified topology between number of power devices used and Total Harmonic Distortions (THD). THD of modified topology is reduced and analyzed by FFT window. The results are observed by MATLAB/SIMULINK software.
Performance of Six-Pulse Line-Commutated Converter in DC Motor Drive ApplicationZunAib Ali
This paper presents the speed control of DC motor using six pulse controlled rectifier. The
conventional Proportional Integral (PI) control is used for firing angle control. The armature current is fed
back and compared with reference current representing desired speed values. The proposed system is
simulated using SimPowerSystem and Control System Matlab toolbox. The time domain plot of reference
and actual armature current are shown in results section. The results are satisfactory with deleterious effect
on input current. The frequency plot of input current is provided to show the harmonic contents, generated
as a result of control operation.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
The power electronics device which converts DC power to AC power at required output voltage and frequency level is known as inverter. Multilevel inverter is to synthesize a near sinusoidal voltage from several levels of dc voltages. In order to maintain the different voltage levels at appropriate intervals, the conduction time intervals of MOSFETS have been maintained by controlling the pulse width of gating pulses. In this paper single phase to three phase power conversion using PWM technique. The simulation is carried out in MATLAB/Simulink environment which demonstrate the feasibility of proposed scheme.
Analysis Approach for Five Phase Two-Level Voltage Source Inverter with PWM T...ijsrd.com
this paper gives idea of comparison of five phase two-level voltage inverter (FPTLVSI) without filter circuit and control scheme and FPTLVSI with filter circuit and PWM control scheme for induction motor drive. The paper demonstrates using mat lab simulations about comparison in term of harmonics analysis for different firing angles and find best angle suitable for output with minimum harmonics for FPTLVSI without filter circuit and control scheme and harmonics analysis of FPTLVSI with filter and PWM control scheme. This paper suggests simulation of comparison of harmonics point of view five phase two-level voltage inverter (FPTLVSI) without filter circuit and control scheme and with filter circuit and PWM control scheme for induction motor drive.
Study of Boron Based Superconductivity and Effect of High Temperature Cuprate...IOSR Journals
This paper illustrates the main normal and Boron superconducting state temperature properties of magnesium diboride, a substance known since early 1950's, but lately graded to be superconductive at a remarkably high critical temperature Tc=40K for a binary synthesis. What makes MgB2 so special? Its high Tc, simple crystal construction, large coherence lengths, high serious current densities and fields, lucidity of surface boundaries to current promises that MgB2 will be a good material for both large scale applications and electronic devices. Throughout the last seven month, MgB2 has been fabricated in various shape, bulk, single crystals, thin films, ribbons and wires. The largest critical current densities >10MA/cm2 and critical fields 40T are achieved for thin films. The anisotropy attribution inferred from upper critical field measurements is still to be resolved, a wide range of values being reported, γ = 1.2 ÷ 9. Also there is no consensus about the existence of a single anisotropic or double energy cavity. One central issue is whether or not MgB2 represents a new class of superconductors, being the tip of an iceberg that waits to be discovered. Until now MgB2 holds the record of the highest Tc among simple binary synthesis. However, the discovery of superconductivity in MgB2 revived the interest in non-oxides and initiated a search for superconductivity in related materials, several synthesis being already announced to become superconductive: TaB2, BeB2.75, C-S composites, and the elemental B under pressure.
IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science is an International Journal edited by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR).The Journal provides a common forum where all aspects of humanities and social sciences are presented. IOSR-JHSS publishes original papers, review papers, conceptual framework, analytical and simulation models, case studies, empirical research, technical notes etc.
Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation Schemes for Two-Level Voltage Source Inve...IDES Editor
Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM)
method is an advanced, computation intensive PWM method
and possibly the best among all the PWM techniques for
variable frequency drive applications. The SVPWM is an
alternative method for the determination of switching pulse
width and their position. The major advantage of SVPWM
stem from the fact that, there is a degree of freedom of space
vector placement in a switching cycle. This feature improves
the harmonic performance of this method. This method has
been finding widespread application in recent years because
of the easier digital realization and better dc bus utilization.
In this paper, three SVPWM schemes, called 7-segment space
vector modulation (SVM), 7-segment SVM with even-order
harmonic elimination and 5-segment (discontinuous) SVM
are studied in detail. The theoretical analysis, design,
switching sequence and SIMULINK implementation of these
three SVM schemes is presented in step-by-step manner
Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation Technique Applied to Two Level Voltage So...Qusai Abdelrahman
Space vector pulse width modulation SVPWM provides a better technique compared to the other pulse width modulation techniques. This paper presents simulation and implementation of SVPWM signal generation for driving three phase two level voltage source inverter VSI, also proposes and analyzes a new switching sequence for generating an SVPWM. Simulation results are obtained using the simulation package PSIM. and the inverter performance is evaluated in terms of total harmonic distortion (THD). The model is experimentally implemented and verified on Arduino Mega Atmega2560 microcontroller.
Total Harmonic Distortion of Dodecagonal Space Vector ModulationIJPEDS-IAES
Space vector modulation technique is one of the best PWM techniques which have been implemented to the Multilevel inverter circuit to get the purely sinusoidal cuurent. This is a important algorithm which is implemented in open wind induction motor. This type of I.M has great impact on Electric Drive system. SVM is nothing but the technique of switching algorithm. The Hexagonal space vector modulation has been implemented before, but elimination of higher order harmonics is not possible. Torque pulsation arises. Speed control of Induction motor was not smooth. So Dodecagonal (12) structure developed. A 12 side polygonal space vector structure is meant for eliminating (6n±1) harmonics in the phase current waveform throughout the modulating range. A high resolution of PWM technique is proposed involving multiple 12 sided polygonal (Dodecagonal) structure that can generate highly sinusoidal voltage at a reduced switching frequency. In this paper different values of frequencies have been taken for harmonic analysis. SVM method features a higher level of dc-bus voltage utilization compared to the conventional PWM.
Analysis of Multilevel Inverter using Bipolar and Unipolar Switching Schemes ...ijsrd.com
Cascaded H-bridge Multilevel Inverter (MLI) is most efficient topology for medium and high voltage DC-AC conversion, having less output harmonics and less commutation losses. Disadvantages are their complexity, more number of power devices, passive components and a complex control circuitry. Here a Cascaded Hybrid Multilevel Inverter is used to produce a three phase 9-level output voltages. Now a day inverter is also know as a DC-AC converter, is one of the most popular part of electrical device. This proposed inverter widely used in industries application such as speed control of induction motor. This thesis focus on three phase 9-level bipolar and unipolar switching inverter with characteristics like output voltage boosting ability and also we discus about the bipolar and unipolar switching scheme along with capacitor voltage control. The modified topology uses Cascaded H-bridge (CHB) with bidirectional and unidirectional switches producing boost up output voltage. Here a hybrid Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) technique is applied to control the power devices. This modulation technique uses a sine wave and a repeating wave, these waves are combined and a complete reference wave is generated. There is comparative study between CHB and modified topology between number of power devices used and Total Harmonic Distortions (THD). THD of modified topology is reduced and analyzed by FFT window. The results are observed by MATLAB/SIMULINK software.
Performance of Six-Pulse Line-Commutated Converter in DC Motor Drive ApplicationZunAib Ali
This paper presents the speed control of DC motor using six pulse controlled rectifier. The
conventional Proportional Integral (PI) control is used for firing angle control. The armature current is fed
back and compared with reference current representing desired speed values. The proposed system is
simulated using SimPowerSystem and Control System Matlab toolbox. The time domain plot of reference
and actual armature current are shown in results section. The results are satisfactory with deleterious effect
on input current. The frequency plot of input current is provided to show the harmonic contents, generated
as a result of control operation.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
The power electronics device which converts DC power to AC power at required output voltage and frequency level is known as inverter. Multilevel inverter is to synthesize a near sinusoidal voltage from several levels of dc voltages. In order to maintain the different voltage levels at appropriate intervals, the conduction time intervals of MOSFETS have been maintained by controlling the pulse width of gating pulses. In this paper single phase to three phase power conversion using PWM technique. The simulation is carried out in MATLAB/Simulink environment which demonstrate the feasibility of proposed scheme.
Analysis Approach for Five Phase Two-Level Voltage Source Inverter with PWM T...ijsrd.com
this paper gives idea of comparison of five phase two-level voltage inverter (FPTLVSI) without filter circuit and control scheme and FPTLVSI with filter circuit and PWM control scheme for induction motor drive. The paper demonstrates using mat lab simulations about comparison in term of harmonics analysis for different firing angles and find best angle suitable for output with minimum harmonics for FPTLVSI without filter circuit and control scheme and harmonics analysis of FPTLVSI with filter and PWM control scheme. This paper suggests simulation of comparison of harmonics point of view five phase two-level voltage inverter (FPTLVSI) without filter circuit and control scheme and with filter circuit and PWM control scheme for induction motor drive.
Study of Boron Based Superconductivity and Effect of High Temperature Cuprate...IOSR Journals
This paper illustrates the main normal and Boron superconducting state temperature properties of magnesium diboride, a substance known since early 1950's, but lately graded to be superconductive at a remarkably high critical temperature Tc=40K for a binary synthesis. What makes MgB2 so special? Its high Tc, simple crystal construction, large coherence lengths, high serious current densities and fields, lucidity of surface boundaries to current promises that MgB2 will be a good material for both large scale applications and electronic devices. Throughout the last seven month, MgB2 has been fabricated in various shape, bulk, single crystals, thin films, ribbons and wires. The largest critical current densities >10MA/cm2 and critical fields 40T are achieved for thin films. The anisotropy attribution inferred from upper critical field measurements is still to be resolved, a wide range of values being reported, γ = 1.2 ÷ 9. Also there is no consensus about the existence of a single anisotropic or double energy cavity. One central issue is whether or not MgB2 represents a new class of superconductors, being the tip of an iceberg that waits to be discovered. Until now MgB2 holds the record of the highest Tc among simple binary synthesis. However, the discovery of superconductivity in MgB2 revived the interest in non-oxides and initiated a search for superconductivity in related materials, several synthesis being already announced to become superconductive: TaB2, BeB2.75, C-S composites, and the elemental B under pressure.
IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science is an International Journal edited by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR).The Journal provides a common forum where all aspects of humanities and social sciences are presented. IOSR-JHSS publishes original papers, review papers, conceptual framework, analytical and simulation models, case studies, empirical research, technical notes etc.
Design analysis and Commissioning Of High Mast Lighting PolesIOSR Journals
Along a major highway, luminaire pole structures may be seen every 101 of a mile.From documented
cases, it appears that these structures started to experience fatigue problems in the last three decades. The
general public might not be aware of the problem, because if such a failure occurs, the structure is replaced.
Those working in the fatigue area realize that this issue is a serious matter[15][16]. Clearly, the damage is
costly, costing up to thousands of dollars per occurrence. For this purpose, a high mast lighting poles are
fabricated using steel due to its high strength, ductilityproperty and wear resistance. The high mast structure
(HMS) has the characters of light weight and high cost efficiency. It possess large ratio of height (H) to least
horizontal dimension (D) that makes it more slender and wind-sensitive than any other structures[17].
Therefore, the purpose of this research is to design optimal high mast poles taking into account its specification,
environmental conditions for placement and economy. Initially, among various pole designs, the high mast pole
is considered to be in tapered section as it is more reliable and economical. Then, analysis is performed in solid
works by keeping the base section to be fixed and applying compressive load on the top section of the pole due
to heavy weight of cantilever mast arm and luminaire. This project illustrates the theoretical basis and the
analytical development of the high mast lighting poles
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering(IOSR-JECE) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of electronics and communication engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in electronics and communication engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Academic Libraries: Engine Breed Spuring Innovation for Competitiveness and S...IOSR Journals
Abstract: The research was designed to unveil out how academic libraries have assisted institutions in bring up candidates to work in industrial capabilities towards the achievement of competitiveness and sustainable economic growth in society. This study was drawn from the extensive literature review and case studies to discuss the following economic value of accessing information using the library; innovation and services in academic libraries; initiatives, resources and activities that facilitate access to information in the library; FUTO Library and library responding to academic programmes. The following research questions helped ascertain what has made the academic libraries tick in this direction and to find answers to them; what status of people does the library have? To what extent material resources is provided and used by the library patrons? What ICT services are been offered by the library and of what purpose are they offered? What strategy development implied by the library to meet patron’s needs? What are the obstacles the library may encounter in the process to achieve competitiveness and sustainability to serve library patrons? Frequency and percentages were deployed for the study due is within the study environment area. Collection of Data was through the use of questionnaire developed by the researchers. Ninety-five copies of the questionnaires were distributed to staff of FUTO Library, out of which 85 were returned and found useful. Finding was analyzed and results ascertained. Keyword: Library, growth, process, ICT, resources, services, innovation
Surface Morphological and Electrical Properties of Sputtered Tio2 Thin FilmsIOSR Journals
Titanium dioxide films were formed on quartz and crystalline p-Si (100) substrates by DC reactive magnetron sputtering method. Pure titanium target was sputtered at a constant oxygen partial pressure of 5x10-2 Pa, and at different sputtering powers in the range 80 – 200 W. The as-deposited films were annealed in air for 1 hour at 1023 K. The deposited films were characterized by studying the surface morphology by atomic force microscopy (AFM), electrical and dielectric properties from current-voltage and capacitance-voltage measurements. Atomic force micrographs of the films showed that the Rrms and Ra increased with the increase of sputter power from 80 to 200 W. The leakage current density was increased by increasing the sputtering power.
The Role of IL-17, Metaphase Reactants on Patients with Early Rheumatoid Arth...IOSR Journals
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) represents the most common form of chronic inflammatory joint disease leading to cartilage and bone destruction, It affects approximately 1-2 % of world’s population. The inflammatory process causes diffuse thickening and hyperplasia of the joint Interleukin (IL)-17 is a pleiotropic pro-inflammatory cytokine produced from Th17 cells. IL-17A is the prototypic member belonging to a family of 6 ranging from IL-17A to IL-17F. IL-17A mediates its biological effects through binding to a receptor complex consisting of IL-17RCA and IL-17RCC subunits.
Objective. To assess the role of IL-17 on the disease process of Rheumatoid arthritis and the effects on the trace elements such as Zinc, copper , Magnesium.
Subjects and method: A total of 60 patients with early Rheumatoid Arthritis were studied. Their ages ranged from 20-52 years with a mean age of ( 39.3 ± 9.01)years. , while the range was between (20-51) years and the mean was (37.5 ± 8.6) years for healthy control non significant difference P > 0.4 with no complaint of other chronic or systemic diseases were considered as control. the samples were collected during period from ( December 2012 – july 2013 ). the mean disease duration of RA was (3.27±1.2) month. Blood samples were collected from patients and controls to assess Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) and serum levels of White blood cells ( WBC), Hemoglobin (Hb), Interleukin-17A and were estimated by agglutination test, and IL-17A was estimated by (ELIZA).
Implementation of Efficiency CORDIC Algorithmfor Sine & Cosine GenerationIOSR Journals
Abstract: This paper presents an area-time efficient coordinate rotation digital computer (CORDIC) algorithm that completely eliminates the scale-factor. A generalized micro-rotation selection technique based on high speed most-significant-1-detection obviates the complex search algorithms for identifying the micro-rotations. This algorithm is redefined as the elementary angles for reducing the number of CORDIC iterations. Compared to the existing re-cursive architectures the proposed one has 17% lower slice-delay product on Xilinx Spartan XC2S200E device. The CORDIC processor pro-vides the flexibility to manipulate the number of iterations depending on the accuracy, area and latency requirements. Index Terms—coordinate rotation digital computer (CORDIC), cosine/sine, field-programmable gate array(FPGA),most-significant-1, recursive architecture.
Performance Evaluation of Nine Level Modified CHB Multilevel Inverter for Var...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
Multilevel inverters (MLI) are becoming more popular over the years for medium and high power applications because of its significant merits over two level inverters. This paper presents an implementation of multicarrier based sinusoidal pulse width modulation technique for three phase seven level diode clamped multilevel inverter. This topology is operated under phase opposition disposition pulse width modulation technique. The performance of three phase seven level diode clamped inverter is analyzed for induction motor (IM) load. Simulation is performed using MATLAB/SIMULINK. Experimental results are presented to validate the effectiveness of the operation of the diode clamped multilevel inverter using field programmable gate array.
Multilevel inverters have become more popular over the years in electric high power application
with the promise of less disturbances and the possibility to function at lower switching frequencies than
ordinary two-level inverters. This paper presents information about several multilevel inverter topologies,
such as the Neutral-Point Clamped Inverter and the Cascaded Multi cell Inverter. These multilevel
inverters will also be compared with two-level inverters in simulations to investigate the advantages of
using multilevel inverters. Modulation strategies, component comparison and solutions to the multilevel
voltage source balancing problem will also be presented in this work.
Keywords — multilevel, Neutral-clamped, PWM.
Multi Carrier based Multilevel Inverter with Minimal Harmonic DistortionIJPEDS-IAES
This paper presents performance features of Asymmetric Cascaded
Multilevel inverter. Multilevel inverters are commonly modulated by using
multicarrier pulse width modulation (MCPWM) techniques such as phaseshifted
multicarrier modulation and level-shifted multicarrier modulation.
Amongst these, level-shifted multicarrier modulation technique produces the
best harmonic performance. This work studies about multilevel inverter with
unequal DC sources using level shifting MCPWM technique. The
Performances indices like Total Harmonic Distortion (THD), number of
switches and DC Sources are considered. A procedure to achieve an
appropriate level shifting is also presented is this paper.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
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Design & Implementation of Zero Voltage Switching Buck ConverterIJERA Editor
Zero voltage switching (ZVS) buck converter is more preferable over hard switched buck converter for low power, high frequency DC-DC conversion applications. In Zero voltage switching converter, turn on & turn off of a switch occurs at zero voltage that results in lower switching losses. In this converter soft switching is achieved by using resonant components. The optimal values of resonant components are determined by using electric functions derived from circuit configuration. This type of soft switched resonant converter offers very low electromagnetic interference (EMI).This study presents the circuit configuration with least components to realize highly efficient zero voltage switching resonant converter. It’s feasibility is confirmed with the developed proto type model and experimental results are verified.
Single Phase Thirteen-Level Inverter using Seven Switches for Photovoltaic sy...Editor IJMTER
This paper proposes a single-phase thirteen-level inverter using seven switches, with a
novel pulse width-modulated (PWM) control scheme. The Proposed multilevel inverter output
voltage level increasing by using less number of switches driven by the multicarrier modulation
techniques. The inverter is capable of producing thirteen levels of output-voltage (Vdc, 5/6Vdc,
4/6Vdc, 3/6Vdc, 2/6Vdc, 1/6Vdc, 0, -5/6Vdc, -4/6Vdc, -3/6Vdc, -2/6Vdc, -1/6Vdc,-Vdc) from the
dc supply voltage. A digital multi carrier PWM algorithm was implemented in a Spartan 3E FPGA.
The proposed system was verified through simulation and implemented in a prototype.
This paper presents parameters analysis of 4-level capacitor-clamped boost converter with hard-switching and soft-switching implementation. Principally, by considering the selected circuit structure of the 4-level capacitor-clamped boost converter and appropriate pulse width modulation (PWM) switching strategy, the overall converter volume able to be reduced. Specifically, phase-shifted of 120° of each switching signal is applied in the 4-level capacitor-clamped boost converter in order to increase the inductor current ripple frequency, thus the charging and discharging times of the inductor is reduced. Besides, volume of converters is greatly reduced if very high switching frequency is considered. However, it causes increasing of semiconductor losses and consequently the converter efficiency is affected. The results show that the efficiency of 2-level conventional boost converter and 4-level capacitor-clamped boost converter are 98.59% and 97.67%, respectively in hard-switching technique, and 99.31% and 98.15%, respectively in soft-switching technique. Therefore, by applying soft-switching technique, switching loss of the semiconductor devices is greatly minimized although high switching frequency is applied. In this study, passive lossless snubber circuit is selected for the soft-switching implementation in the 4-level capacitor-clamped boost converter. Based on the simulation results, the switching loss is approximately eliminated by applying soft-switching technique compared to the hard-switching technique implementation.
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I010246467
1. IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IOSR-JEEE)
e-ISSN: 2278-1676,p-ISSN: 2320-3331, Volume 10, Issue 2 Ver. IV (Mar – Apr. 2015), PP 64-67
www.iosrjournals.org
DOI: 10.9790/1676-10246467 www.iosrjournals.org 64 | Page
Control and Analysis of the Transistor Clamped H bridge Split
Phase PWM Inverter
Jayamohan. M1
, David. E2
1
(Department of EEE, M.Tech student of NCERC Pampady, India)
2
(Department of EEE, Assistant Professor of NCERC Pampady, India)
Abstract: In PWM inverters, the short through of the phase leg is always a problem for reliability, efficiency
and higher switching frequency. Besides this, power device on/off time and the reverse recovery time of poor
performance body diodes will limit the switching frequency and power conversion efficiency. This paper
presents an analysis of a transistor clamped H-bridge split phase PWM inverter which could split the MOSFET
based phase legs by coupled inductor to prevent the short through and disable poor performance body diode.
Double using double reference single carrier modulation technique. Results are obtained using simulations
done in MATLAB Simulink environment.
Keywords: Electro Magnetic Interference (EMI), Multi Level Inverter, Pulse Width Modulation, Total
Harmonic Distortion(THD), Transistor Clamped H Bridge(TCHB)
I. Introduction
The increasing energy consumption along with diminishing nature of fossil fuels creates a booming
interest in renewable energy generation systems. The advancement in power electronics also promotes these
renewable energy systems. A single-phase grid-connected inverter is usually used for residential or low-power
applications of power ranges that are less than 10 kW. Types of single-phase grid-connected inverters have been
investigated [3]. One of the drawback of single phase inverter is the short through problem. The traditional
solution for this problem is to simply add a dead time into the switching interval, which brings the duty cycle
loss to some extent and also limit the switching frequency. The high di/dt and dv/dt from diode reverse recovery
will also possible destroy power device. To better improve the efficiency and reliability of the inverter some
new inverter structures are proposed to solve this problem, such as the dual buck inverter, the split phase PWM
inverter, and so forth [1]. These structures are all widely used in the application for the advantage of having no
short through problem and low reverse recovery loss. This topology could both solve the problem of short
through problem and the reverse recovery problem of the bad performed body diode. To improve the output the
level must be increased. A common topology of this inverter is full-bridge three-level. The three-level inverter
can satisfy specifications through its very high switching, but it could also unfortunately increase switching
losses, acoustic noise, and level of interference to other equipment. Improving its output waveform reduces its
harmonic content and, hence, also the size of the filter used and the level of electromagnetic interference (EMI)
generated by the inverter’s switching operation [3]. Multilevel inverters are promising; they have nearly
sinusoidal output-voltage waveforms, output current with better harmonic profile, less stressing of electronic
components owing to decreased voltages, switching losses that are lower than those of conventional two-level
inverters, a smaller filter size, and lower EMI, all of which make them cheaper, lighter, and more compact [3]. A
typical single-phase three-level inverter adopts full-bridge configuration by using approximate sinusoidal
modulation technique as the power circuits. The output voltage then has the following three values: zero,
positive (+Vdc), and negative (−Vdc) supply dc voltage (assuming that Vdc is the supply voltage). The
harmonic components of the output voltage are determined by the carrier frequency and switching functions.
Therefore, their harmonic reduction is limited to a certain degree [4]. To overcome this limitation, this paper
presents a transistor clamped H bridge split phase PWM inverter whose output voltage can be represented in the
following five levels: Vdc, +1/2Vdc, zero, −1/2Vdc, and −Vdc. As the number of output levels increases, the
harmonic content can be reduced. This inverter topology uses two reference signals, instead of one reference
signal, to generate PWM signals for the switches.
II. Proposed System
The proposed inverter topology is shown in Fig. 1. In which the coupled inductors L1, L2, L3 and L4
avoid the shoot through problem in the power switches by reducing large inrush current at switching
transitions[1]. This causes reduction high di/dt across the switches thereby allowing lower rated switches.
2. Control and Analysis of the Transistor Clamped H bridge Split Phase PWM Inverter
DOI: 10.9790/1676-10246467 www.iosrjournals.org 65 | Page
Figure 1- Circuit diagram of the proposed circuit
According to the control algorithm the switching action takes place such a way that the proposed
inverter generates five level output voltages, i.e., +V, +V/2, 0, −V/2, and –V[3]. The switching transitions and
corresponding output voltage are given in Table I. In which the state= 0 represents OFF position and state= 1
represents ON position of switches. The generation of five level output voltages are given as follows.
1) When S2 and S5 are in ON position and all other switches are in OFF position, the maximum input voltage V
appeared across load.
2) When S1 and S5 are in ON position and all other switches are in OFF position, the half of the input voltage,
V/2 appeared across load.
3) When S2 and S4 are in OFF position or S3 and S5 are in OFF, there is no voltage appeared across load.
4) When S1 and S4 are in ON position and all other switches are in OFF position, the half of the input voltage
with negative polarity, –V/2 appeared across load.
5) When S3 and S4 are in ON position and all other switches are in OFF position, the maximum input voltage
with negative polarity, -V appeared across load.
Based on valid switch combinations, S1−S5 in Table I, the cell output voltage Vout can be represented by
equation(1).
Vout=V(S5−S4){(1/2)S1+|S2−S4|.|S3−S5|} (1)
Table I: Transisitor clamped H bridge split phase pwm inverter output voltage
S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 Vout
0 1 0 0 1 V
1 0 0 0 1 V/2
0 0 or 1 1 or 0 0 or 1 1 or 0 0
1 0 0 1 0 -V/2
0 0 1 1 0 -V
The gate pulses generated by comparing two sinusoidal reference signals Vref1 and Vref2 are
compared with the high frequency triangular carrier signal at a time[2]. The pulse generation is done as follows.
When Vref2<V3<Vref1, S1 is enable; Vref1&Vref2 >V3, S2 is enable; Vref1&Vref2 <V3, S3 is enable;. This
will lead to a switching pattern, as shown in Fig. 2.
3. Control and Analysis of the Transistor Clamped H bridge Split Phase PWM Inverter
DOI: 10.9790/1676-10246467 www.iosrjournals.org 66 | Page
Figure 2- Switching pattern for the single-phase five-level inverter
Switches S1–S3 will be switching at the rate of the carrier signal frequency, whereas S4 and S5 will
operate at a frequency equivalent to the fundamental frequency. Table I illustrates the level of Vinv during S1–
S5 switch on and off. The coupled inductor will help to protection from high current, high di/dt, dv/dt, and also
no shoot through problem etc.
III. Results And Discussions
The Transistor Clamped H Bridge split phase PWM inverter with reduced number of switches is
simulated using MATLAB-Simulink platform. The Simulink model of the proposed system, its output voltage,
THD are shown in figure.
Figure 3: The simulink model of TCHB splitphase inverter
Figure 4- The output voltage waveform
4. Control and Analysis of the Transistor Clamped H bridge Split Phase PWM Inverter
DOI: 10.9790/1676-10246467 www.iosrjournals.org 67 | Page
Figure 5- The THD of the output voltage get 8.43%
The output of the inverter get a five level voltage. The total harmonics is reduced to 8.43%.
IV. Conclusion
In this paper, double reference single carrier modulation technique is employed for a transistor clamped
H-bridge split phase inverter. The harmonics present in the inverter output voltage is determined through FFT
analysis. Simulation results indicate that the THD of proposed inverter is much lesser than that of conventional
cascaded inverter. The THD of voltage (Vout) of a proposed inverter is 8.43%. The proposed inverter is
simulated by using MATLAB/ Simulink performance waveforms are verified.
References
[1]. Suxuan Guo, Alex Q. Huang, “Control and Analysis of the High Efficiency Split Phase PWM Inverter,” Proc. IEEE Appl. Power
Electron. Conf., pp.2415 – 2420, 2014.
[2]. Anzari M, Meenakshi J, and Sreedevi V T, “Simulation of a Transistor Clamped H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter and its comparison
with a Conventional H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter,” IEEE International Conference on Circuit, Power and Computing Technologies,
2014.
[3]. Nasrudin A. Rahim, Krismadinata Chaniago, and Jeyraj Selvaraj, “Single-Phase Seven-Level Grid-Connected Inverter for
Photovoltaic System,” IEEE Trans. Ind.Electronics., vol. 58,no. 6, june 2011, pp. 2435–2443.
[4]. Jeyraj Selvaraj and Nasrudin A. Rahim, “Multilevel Inverter For Grid-Connected PV System Employing Digital PI Controller,” I
EEE Trans.Ind electronics, vol. 56, no. 1, pp. 149-158, jan 2009.
[5]. J. Rodríguez, F. S. Lai, and F. Z. Peng, “Multilevel inverters: A survey of topologies, controls, and applications,” IEEE Trans.
Industrial Electronics, vol. 49, no. 4, pp. 724–738, Aug. 2002..
[6]. Muhammad H Rashid, Power Electronics Circuits Devices and applications, Pearson Education- India, Third Edition.
[7]. Ned Mohan, Tore M Undeland, William P Robbins, Power Electronics Coverters Applications and Design, Wiley- India, Third
Edition.