IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Design and Optimum Arrangement Of 3-phase Cascade Multilevel Inverter for Con...IOSR Journals
This document summarizes a research paper that investigates using a cascade multilevel inverter to control an induction motor via direct torque control (DTC). It begins by introducing multilevel inverters and their benefits for high power applications. It then describes the cascade H-bridge topology and symmetrical vs asymmetrical configurations. The document outlines DTC for controlling induction motors and discusses extending this technique to multilevel inverters. It presents the torque and flux estimation methods used in DTC as well as the voltage vector selection process. The research aims to optimize DTC for induction motors powered by a cascade multilevel inverter.
One of the preferred choices of electronic power conversion for high power applications are multilevel inverters topologies finding increased attention in industry. Cascaded H-Bridge multilevel inverter is one of these topologies reaching the higher output voltage, power level and higher reliability due to its modular topology. Level Shifted Carrier Pulse Width Modulation (LSCPWM) and Phase Shifted Carrier Pulse Width Modulation are used generally for switching cascaded H-bridge (CHB) multilevel inverters. This paper compares LSCPWM and PSCPWM in terms of total harmonics distortion (THD) and output voltage among inverter cells. Simulation for 21-level CHB inverter is carried out in MATLAB/SIMULINK and simulation results are presented.
A comparative study of cascaded h bridge and reversing voltage multilevel inv...IAEME Publication
This document compares a cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter topology to a proposed reversing voltage multilevel inverter topology. The cascaded H-bridge requires more components as the number of levels increases, making it less reliable. The proposed reversing voltage topology separates output voltage generation into level generation and polarity generation parts, requiring fewer switches. Specifically, a 7-level example of each topology is compared in terms of total harmonic distortion and number of components. The proposed topology is shown to require fewer components and produce lower THD than the cascaded H-bridge topology.
Grid connected pv system using 9 level flying capacitor multilevel inverterIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes using a 9-level flying capacitor multilevel inverter to integrate a photovoltaic system into a power grid. A 9-level flying capacitor multilevel inverter can reduce harmonics and total harmonic distortion compared to conventional inverters. The system was simulated in Matlab/Simulink and includes a PV array, boost converter to increase the voltage, and the 9-level flying capacitor multilevel inverter connected to the grid. Key advantages of multilevel inverters are their ability to handle high power applications with reduced switching losses and lower output distortion.
This paper proposes a non-isolated soft-switching bidirectional dc/dc converter for interfacing energy storage in DC microgrid. The proposed converter employs a half-bridge boost converter at input port followed by a LCC resonant tank to assist in soft-switching of switches and diodes, and finally a voltage doubler circuit at the output port to enhance the voltage gain by two times. The LCC resonant circuit also adds a suitable voltage gain to the converter. Therefore, overall high voltage gain of the converter is obtained without a transformer or large number of multiplier circuit. For operation in buck mode, the high side voltage is divided by half with capacitive divider to gain higher step-down ratio. The converter is operated at high frequency to obtain low output voltage ripple, reduced magnetics and filters. Zero voltage turn-on is achieved for all switches and zero current turn-on and turn-off is achieved for all diodes in both modes i.e., buck/boost operation. Voltage stress across switches and diode is clamped naturally without external snubber circuit. An experimental prototype has been designed, built and tested in the laboratory to verify the performance of the proposed converter.
Fuzzy based control of Transformer less Coupled inductor based DC-DC converterIJERA Editor
Most of the industrial applications use any one of the basic DC-DC converter configurations namely buck,
boost, buck–boost, and Cuk converters. These converters are non-isolating converters. Buck-boost converters
use inductors for storing energy from the source and release the same to load or output. This results in high
stress across magnetic components. This drawback restricts usage of buck-boost converters to low power
applications. Flyback converters popularly have known as buck-boost converters uses transformers for
achieving wide range of step down and step up voltages. Coupled inductor based converters or tapped inductor
based converters are used for achieving wide input – wide output conversion ratios. Coherent transition between
step-down and step-up modes is achieved by a proper control scheme. This paper proposes fuzzy logic based
closed loop control scheme for control of converter switches. Theoretical derivations of control parameters with
their membership values, mamdani based rules for development of fuzzy rules and simulation results of a
coupled inductor based DC-DC converter using MATLAB / SIMULINK are concluded.
Analysis and simulation of multilevel inverter using multi carrier based pwmIAEME Publication
This document analyzes and simulates a multilevel inverter using multi-carrier based PWM control techniques. It describes a cascaded multilevel inverter topology with separate DC sources for each H-bridge. It discusses phase-shifted and level-shifted carrier based PWM methods and modulation techniques like IPD, POD, and APOD. MATLAB Simulink models are used to simulate 5-level and 7-level inverters using phase-shifted and level-shifted PWM. Total harmonic distortion results show that POD PWM provides the lowest distortion.
Nowadays power electronics circuits are embedded to most of electrical application areas. This approached offers a great control mechanism with simple and easy circuit configuration. Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM) is one of the most recent apparatus which draws a great number of researchers’ interests. Previously several attempts are made to use the power converters as driver for SRM such as Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) and bridge converters. This paper presents an analysis study of three level inverter to control the SRM. The inverter is controlled using space vector modulation SVM. The aim of this paper is to report the use the multilevel inverter to be fed into the SRM. The implementation of the multilevel inverter is abl to reduce the Total Harmonics Distortion (THD). Performance comparison are made between the multilevel and previous power electronics circuits that applied to the SRM. The simulation results have been conducted by MATLAB/SIMULINK software.
Design and Optimum Arrangement Of 3-phase Cascade Multilevel Inverter for Con...IOSR Journals
This document summarizes a research paper that investigates using a cascade multilevel inverter to control an induction motor via direct torque control (DTC). It begins by introducing multilevel inverters and their benefits for high power applications. It then describes the cascade H-bridge topology and symmetrical vs asymmetrical configurations. The document outlines DTC for controlling induction motors and discusses extending this technique to multilevel inverters. It presents the torque and flux estimation methods used in DTC as well as the voltage vector selection process. The research aims to optimize DTC for induction motors powered by a cascade multilevel inverter.
One of the preferred choices of electronic power conversion for high power applications are multilevel inverters topologies finding increased attention in industry. Cascaded H-Bridge multilevel inverter is one of these topologies reaching the higher output voltage, power level and higher reliability due to its modular topology. Level Shifted Carrier Pulse Width Modulation (LSCPWM) and Phase Shifted Carrier Pulse Width Modulation are used generally for switching cascaded H-bridge (CHB) multilevel inverters. This paper compares LSCPWM and PSCPWM in terms of total harmonics distortion (THD) and output voltage among inverter cells. Simulation for 21-level CHB inverter is carried out in MATLAB/SIMULINK and simulation results are presented.
A comparative study of cascaded h bridge and reversing voltage multilevel inv...IAEME Publication
This document compares a cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter topology to a proposed reversing voltage multilevel inverter topology. The cascaded H-bridge requires more components as the number of levels increases, making it less reliable. The proposed reversing voltage topology separates output voltage generation into level generation and polarity generation parts, requiring fewer switches. Specifically, a 7-level example of each topology is compared in terms of total harmonic distortion and number of components. The proposed topology is shown to require fewer components and produce lower THD than the cascaded H-bridge topology.
Grid connected pv system using 9 level flying capacitor multilevel inverterIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes using a 9-level flying capacitor multilevel inverter to integrate a photovoltaic system into a power grid. A 9-level flying capacitor multilevel inverter can reduce harmonics and total harmonic distortion compared to conventional inverters. The system was simulated in Matlab/Simulink and includes a PV array, boost converter to increase the voltage, and the 9-level flying capacitor multilevel inverter connected to the grid. Key advantages of multilevel inverters are their ability to handle high power applications with reduced switching losses and lower output distortion.
This paper proposes a non-isolated soft-switching bidirectional dc/dc converter for interfacing energy storage in DC microgrid. The proposed converter employs a half-bridge boost converter at input port followed by a LCC resonant tank to assist in soft-switching of switches and diodes, and finally a voltage doubler circuit at the output port to enhance the voltage gain by two times. The LCC resonant circuit also adds a suitable voltage gain to the converter. Therefore, overall high voltage gain of the converter is obtained without a transformer or large number of multiplier circuit. For operation in buck mode, the high side voltage is divided by half with capacitive divider to gain higher step-down ratio. The converter is operated at high frequency to obtain low output voltage ripple, reduced magnetics and filters. Zero voltage turn-on is achieved for all switches and zero current turn-on and turn-off is achieved for all diodes in both modes i.e., buck/boost operation. Voltage stress across switches and diode is clamped naturally without external snubber circuit. An experimental prototype has been designed, built and tested in the laboratory to verify the performance of the proposed converter.
Fuzzy based control of Transformer less Coupled inductor based DC-DC converterIJERA Editor
Most of the industrial applications use any one of the basic DC-DC converter configurations namely buck,
boost, buck–boost, and Cuk converters. These converters are non-isolating converters. Buck-boost converters
use inductors for storing energy from the source and release the same to load or output. This results in high
stress across magnetic components. This drawback restricts usage of buck-boost converters to low power
applications. Flyback converters popularly have known as buck-boost converters uses transformers for
achieving wide range of step down and step up voltages. Coupled inductor based converters or tapped inductor
based converters are used for achieving wide input – wide output conversion ratios. Coherent transition between
step-down and step-up modes is achieved by a proper control scheme. This paper proposes fuzzy logic based
closed loop control scheme for control of converter switches. Theoretical derivations of control parameters with
their membership values, mamdani based rules for development of fuzzy rules and simulation results of a
coupled inductor based DC-DC converter using MATLAB / SIMULINK are concluded.
Analysis and simulation of multilevel inverter using multi carrier based pwmIAEME Publication
This document analyzes and simulates a multilevel inverter using multi-carrier based PWM control techniques. It describes a cascaded multilevel inverter topology with separate DC sources for each H-bridge. It discusses phase-shifted and level-shifted carrier based PWM methods and modulation techniques like IPD, POD, and APOD. MATLAB Simulink models are used to simulate 5-level and 7-level inverters using phase-shifted and level-shifted PWM. Total harmonic distortion results show that POD PWM provides the lowest distortion.
Nowadays power electronics circuits are embedded to most of electrical application areas. This approached offers a great control mechanism with simple and easy circuit configuration. Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM) is one of the most recent apparatus which draws a great number of researchers’ interests. Previously several attempts are made to use the power converters as driver for SRM such as Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) and bridge converters. This paper presents an analysis study of three level inverter to control the SRM. The inverter is controlled using space vector modulation SVM. The aim of this paper is to report the use the multilevel inverter to be fed into the SRM. The implementation of the multilevel inverter is abl to reduce the Total Harmonics Distortion (THD). Performance comparison are made between the multilevel and previous power electronics circuits that applied to the SRM. The simulation results have been conducted by MATLAB/SIMULINK software.
Analysis of multiport dc dc converter in renewable energy sourceseSAT Journals
Abstract Multi-port DC-DC converter has attracted special interest in applications where multiple energy sources are used. In this project, a three-port converter with three active full bridges, two LCC resonant tanks, and a three-winding transformer is proposed. It uses a single power conversion stage with high-frequency link to control power flow between batteries, load, and a renewable source such as solar cell. The converter has capabilities of bidirectional power flow in the battery and the load port. The converter has high efficiency due to soft-switching operation in all three bridges. Design procedure for the three-port converter is explained and experimental results are presented. Index Terms— Bidirectional power, phase-shift control at constant switching frequency, soft-switching operation, three-port converter, LCC resonant converter, three-winding transformer.
IRJET- Power Quality Improvement by Harmonic Reduction using Compact Desi...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a new multilevel inverter design with reduced number of switches to improve power quality by reducing harmonic distortion. The proposed design is a 21-level cascaded H-bridge inverter topology that uses only 24 switches compared to other multilevel inverter designs. The performance of the proposed inverter is validated through MATLAB simulation, which shows it can generate a 21-level output voltage waveform with 10.65% total harmonic distortion under no load conditions.
IRJET- Comparative Analysis for Power Quality Improvenment of Cascaded an...IRJET Journal
This document compares the performance of cascaded and capacitor-clamped multilevel inverters. It analyzes the output voltage waveforms and total harmonic distortion of 3-level and 5-level configurations of each inverter topology. The cascaded inverter uses H-bridge cells with separate DC sources, while the capacitor-clamped inverter uses capacitors to transfer voltage between stages. Simulation results in MATLAB/Simulink show the voltage waveforms and fast Fourier transform analysis for each configuration. The cascaded inverter requires fewer components but separate DC sources, while the capacitor-clamped inverter requires voltage balancing of capacitors.
Harmonic Analysis of Seven and Nine Level Cascade Multilevel Inverter using M...IAES-IJPEDS
The use of multilevel inverters has become popular in recent years for high- power applications. Multilevel Inverters are power converter systems composed by an array of power semiconductor sources that when properly connected and controlled can generate a multistep voltage waveform with variable and controllable frequency, phase and amplitude. This study deals with the comparison of a 7-level inverter with a 9-level inverter system; the voltage source inverters (VSI) are modelled and simulated using MATLAB Simulink and the results are presented. The test results verify the effectiveness of the proposed strategy in terms of computational efficiency as well as the capability of the inverter to produce very low distorted voltage with low-switching losses. This research aims to extend the knowledge about the performance of different clamped multilevel inverter through harmonic analysis. Simulations results validate up to the mark performance of the mentioned topologies.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
6.[36 45]seven level modified cascaded inverter for induction motor drive app...Alexander Decker
1) The document presents a modified cascaded multilevel inverter topology for induction motor drive applications that reduces the number of switches compared to conventional designs.
2) The proposed topology uses 7 switches and 3 diodes to generate 7 voltage levels, whereas conventional designs require 12 switches. This reduces switching losses, cost, and complexity.
3) Simulation and experimental results show the proposed design can generate 7 voltage levels to drive an induction motor. FFT analysis shows lower total harmonic distortion compared to conventional designs.
IRJET- FPGA Controlled Three Level Diode Clamped Multilevel Inverter for Sola...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a three-level diode clamped multilevel inverter controlled by an FPGA for a solar PV system. It begins with an abstract that outlines the working principle and simulation of the FPGA-controlled three-level inverter fed by a solar PV DC bus. It then discusses the principles of two-level and multilevel inverters, focusing on the diode clamped topology. The document introduces the proposed three-level diode clamped inverter with FPGA control and discusses its advantages like fast switching speeds and low cost. It then shows simulations of the system in MATLAB Simulink and Xilinx, including waveforms that demonstrate the stepped output waveform and reduced harmonics.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
Power management by using multiport dc – dc converter for renewable energyeSAT Journals
Abstract
This paper proposes, power management of different types of renewable energy source is controlled by multiport DC-DC
converter. In this each port of the converter is connected with controller switch to control the source input of converter. This is
reduces the turn off switching losses by soft switching. The high frequency switches are used to control the power flow. This
converter is proposed to control the hybrid energy generating system, with the ability of bidirectional power flow between battery
and load. The diode bridge rectifier is applicable for high switching frequency operation with realizable component compare with
existing converter. The efficiency of the converter is verified through MATLAB simulation. The operation and design performance
is explained briefly. The proposed converter has reliability operate simultaneous power generation from different renewable
energy source. Fuzzy controller controls the direction of power flow and load voltage of the converter.
Keywords: Isolator, high frequency link, soft switching, multiport converter, PV panel, wind turbine generator (WTG
High gain dc dc converter with load regulationeSAT Journals
Abstract High gain dc-dc converters are gaining importance due to the latest trends in extracting power from renewable energies. The most commonly available renewable energy resources are wind and solar. The voltage developed while tapping energy from these sources are very low. Often the load requires larger than the voltage developed by the renewable sources which necessitates a high gain DC-DC converter with moderate duty ratio. Conventional boost converter cannot achieve ultra high voltage gain at moderate duty ratio. The aim of designing engineers is to obtain converters with high gain with moderate duty ratio, reduced switch stress, and cost. Here a single switch non isolated dc-dc converter with capacitor-diode voltage multiplier topology is presented. A 30W prototype of the converter is designed and closed loop simulation is conducted to explain the effectiveness of the controller at different load condition to obtain regulated output. Keywords: — Boost Converter, Single Switch Converter, PI-controller, Voltage Regulation.
Novel High Voltage Buck Boost ConverterIRJET Journal
This document presents a novel high voltage buck boost converter using a PI controller. The proposed converter can boost a low voltage DC input such as that from a renewable energy source to a higher required output voltage. It utilizes a snubber circuit and MOSFET switches to achieve soft switching and high efficiency compared to conventional buck boost converters. Simulation results show the converter can boost a 100V DC input to 500V DC output with very low power losses. The converter design and operation are described, along with conclusions that it achieves high efficiency through soft switching and energy recovery in the snubber circuit.
Universal demand for power increases due to continuous development to fulfil all these demand. Resources
are used with optimization. A high efficiency and high power factor converters are the major parts of energy
transfer system. This paper present a general review on single stage forward and flyback converter topologies to get
better its performance. This is paper presents a kind general idea of increasing efficiency and power factor of single
stage forward and fly back converter.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) aims to cover the latest outstanding developments in the field of all Engineering Technologies & science.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
Design and Simulation of DC-DC ConvertersIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and simulation of DC-DC converters. It provides theoretical background on buck, boost, and buck-boost converter topologies. The key aspects covered include:
- Deriving the performance parameter equations for buck, boost, and buck-boost converters.
- Explaining the operating principles of each converter topology through equivalent circuit diagrams and voltage/current waveforms.
- Describing an example design and simulation of the three converter types in Orcad software to observe how output voltage changes with varying input parameters like inductance and switching frequency.
The document aims to provide an understanding of these converter topologies and their equations to facilitate the design of buck, boost, or buck-
IRJET- High Efficiency Bridge-Less Battery Charger for Light Electric Veh...IRJET Journal
The document describes a proposed high-efficiency bridge-less battery charger for light electric vehicles. The proposed charger uses MOSFET switches instead of bridge rectifier diodes to reduce conduction losses. It employs an isolated step-up AC-DC converter with a series-resonance circuit to provide zero current switching and reduce switching losses. Experimental results showed the proposed converter achieved 92.02% peak efficiency at 255 kHz with a 12V input and 50V output.
Snubberless current fed half bridge isolated converter for fuel cell applicat...IAEME Publication
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a new zero-current-switching current fed half-bridge isolated DC/DC converter for fuel cell applications. The proposed converter provides advantages over existing current fed converters, including simple design without an active clamp or passive snubber. This leads to reduced size, lower cost, and improved efficiency. Simulation results using PSIM 9.0 software show the proposed 250W converter design achieves an efficiency of 95%.
Power quality improvement using impedance network based invertereSAT Publishing House
1) The document presents a new LC network based inverter topology for power quality improvement. It has continuous input current which is an advantage over other impedance source inverters like TZSI and TSI.
2) The proposed inverter contains an LC passive input network and a transformer. It operates in three modes - shoot through, non-shoot through with input diode conducting, and non-shoot through with no input current.
3) Simulation results using PSIM software show the voltage and current waveforms which validate the operation and performance of the proposed inverter for power quality improvement applications.
This paper proposes maximum boost control for 7-level z-source cascaded h-bridge inverter and their affiliation between voltage boost gain and modulation index. Z-source network avoids the usage of external dc-dc boost converter and improves output voltage with minimised harmonic content. Z-source network utilises distinctive LC impedance combination with 7-level cascaded inverter and it conquers the conventional voltage source inverter. The maximum boost controller furnishes voltage boost and maintain constant voltage stress across power switches, which provides better output voltage with variation of duty cycles. Single phase 7-level z-source cascaded inverter simulated using matlab/simulink.
This paper presents the detail circuitry modeling of single phase off-grid inverter for small standalone system applications. The entire model is developed in MATLAB/Simulink platform using circuitry model. This off grid inverter consists of a high frequency DC-DC step up converter cascaded with a full bridge PI control voltage source inverter using SPWM modulation with LC filter to produce sine wave output. This is a common design used in many small commercial off-grid inverter. This off-grid inverter model is capable to produce AC sinewave output voltage at 230 V 50 Hz up to 1 kW power from a 48 V DC lead acid battery source. The AC sine wave output waveform achieved a voltage Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) of less than 1 % which is almost a pure sine wave. The conversion efficiency performance of the off-grid inverter achieved more than 94 %. The performance of the model is validated by real commercial off-grid inverter. The performance validation experiment shows that the off-grid inverter Simulink model conversion efficiency and THD performance are comparable to the commercial off-grid inverter. This model contributes to assist small to medium standalone system load and battery sizing design with greater accuracy.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Economical placement of shear walls in a moment resisting frame for earthquak...eSAT Publishing House
This document analyzes different configurations of shear wall placement in a 5-story reinforced concrete building to determine the optimal configuration for earthquake resistance. Five frames with different shear wall layouts are modeled and analyzed. Frame 2, with shear walls at the building core, performed best with significant reductions in lateral displacement, bending moment, shear force, and axial force compared to the frame without shear walls. For economic feasibility, the top 1-2 stories were removed from Frames 2 and 3. This curtailment further reduced lateral displacement, inter-story drift, bending moment, and shear force, particularly for Frames 7-9. In conclusion, curtailing the top 1-2 stories of Frames 2 or 3 provided the best
Analysis of multiport dc dc converter in renewable energy sourceseSAT Journals
Abstract Multi-port DC-DC converter has attracted special interest in applications where multiple energy sources are used. In this project, a three-port converter with three active full bridges, two LCC resonant tanks, and a three-winding transformer is proposed. It uses a single power conversion stage with high-frequency link to control power flow between batteries, load, and a renewable source such as solar cell. The converter has capabilities of bidirectional power flow in the battery and the load port. The converter has high efficiency due to soft-switching operation in all three bridges. Design procedure for the three-port converter is explained and experimental results are presented. Index Terms— Bidirectional power, phase-shift control at constant switching frequency, soft-switching operation, three-port converter, LCC resonant converter, three-winding transformer.
IRJET- Power Quality Improvement by Harmonic Reduction using Compact Desi...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a new multilevel inverter design with reduced number of switches to improve power quality by reducing harmonic distortion. The proposed design is a 21-level cascaded H-bridge inverter topology that uses only 24 switches compared to other multilevel inverter designs. The performance of the proposed inverter is validated through MATLAB simulation, which shows it can generate a 21-level output voltage waveform with 10.65% total harmonic distortion under no load conditions.
IRJET- Comparative Analysis for Power Quality Improvenment of Cascaded an...IRJET Journal
This document compares the performance of cascaded and capacitor-clamped multilevel inverters. It analyzes the output voltage waveforms and total harmonic distortion of 3-level and 5-level configurations of each inverter topology. The cascaded inverter uses H-bridge cells with separate DC sources, while the capacitor-clamped inverter uses capacitors to transfer voltage between stages. Simulation results in MATLAB/Simulink show the voltage waveforms and fast Fourier transform analysis for each configuration. The cascaded inverter requires fewer components but separate DC sources, while the capacitor-clamped inverter requires voltage balancing of capacitors.
Harmonic Analysis of Seven and Nine Level Cascade Multilevel Inverter using M...IAES-IJPEDS
The use of multilevel inverters has become popular in recent years for high- power applications. Multilevel Inverters are power converter systems composed by an array of power semiconductor sources that when properly connected and controlled can generate a multistep voltage waveform with variable and controllable frequency, phase and amplitude. This study deals with the comparison of a 7-level inverter with a 9-level inverter system; the voltage source inverters (VSI) are modelled and simulated using MATLAB Simulink and the results are presented. The test results verify the effectiveness of the proposed strategy in terms of computational efficiency as well as the capability of the inverter to produce very low distorted voltage with low-switching losses. This research aims to extend the knowledge about the performance of different clamped multilevel inverter through harmonic analysis. Simulations results validate up to the mark performance of the mentioned topologies.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
6.[36 45]seven level modified cascaded inverter for induction motor drive app...Alexander Decker
1) The document presents a modified cascaded multilevel inverter topology for induction motor drive applications that reduces the number of switches compared to conventional designs.
2) The proposed topology uses 7 switches and 3 diodes to generate 7 voltage levels, whereas conventional designs require 12 switches. This reduces switching losses, cost, and complexity.
3) Simulation and experimental results show the proposed design can generate 7 voltage levels to drive an induction motor. FFT analysis shows lower total harmonic distortion compared to conventional designs.
IRJET- FPGA Controlled Three Level Diode Clamped Multilevel Inverter for Sola...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a three-level diode clamped multilevel inverter controlled by an FPGA for a solar PV system. It begins with an abstract that outlines the working principle and simulation of the FPGA-controlled three-level inverter fed by a solar PV DC bus. It then discusses the principles of two-level and multilevel inverters, focusing on the diode clamped topology. The document introduces the proposed three-level diode clamped inverter with FPGA control and discusses its advantages like fast switching speeds and low cost. It then shows simulations of the system in MATLAB Simulink and Xilinx, including waveforms that demonstrate the stepped output waveform and reduced harmonics.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
Power management by using multiport dc – dc converter for renewable energyeSAT Journals
Abstract
This paper proposes, power management of different types of renewable energy source is controlled by multiport DC-DC
converter. In this each port of the converter is connected with controller switch to control the source input of converter. This is
reduces the turn off switching losses by soft switching. The high frequency switches are used to control the power flow. This
converter is proposed to control the hybrid energy generating system, with the ability of bidirectional power flow between battery
and load. The diode bridge rectifier is applicable for high switching frequency operation with realizable component compare with
existing converter. The efficiency of the converter is verified through MATLAB simulation. The operation and design performance
is explained briefly. The proposed converter has reliability operate simultaneous power generation from different renewable
energy source. Fuzzy controller controls the direction of power flow and load voltage of the converter.
Keywords: Isolator, high frequency link, soft switching, multiport converter, PV panel, wind turbine generator (WTG
High gain dc dc converter with load regulationeSAT Journals
Abstract High gain dc-dc converters are gaining importance due to the latest trends in extracting power from renewable energies. The most commonly available renewable energy resources are wind and solar. The voltage developed while tapping energy from these sources are very low. Often the load requires larger than the voltage developed by the renewable sources which necessitates a high gain DC-DC converter with moderate duty ratio. Conventional boost converter cannot achieve ultra high voltage gain at moderate duty ratio. The aim of designing engineers is to obtain converters with high gain with moderate duty ratio, reduced switch stress, and cost. Here a single switch non isolated dc-dc converter with capacitor-diode voltage multiplier topology is presented. A 30W prototype of the converter is designed and closed loop simulation is conducted to explain the effectiveness of the controller at different load condition to obtain regulated output. Keywords: — Boost Converter, Single Switch Converter, PI-controller, Voltage Regulation.
Novel High Voltage Buck Boost ConverterIRJET Journal
This document presents a novel high voltage buck boost converter using a PI controller. The proposed converter can boost a low voltage DC input such as that from a renewable energy source to a higher required output voltage. It utilizes a snubber circuit and MOSFET switches to achieve soft switching and high efficiency compared to conventional buck boost converters. Simulation results show the converter can boost a 100V DC input to 500V DC output with very low power losses. The converter design and operation are described, along with conclusions that it achieves high efficiency through soft switching and energy recovery in the snubber circuit.
Universal demand for power increases due to continuous development to fulfil all these demand. Resources
are used with optimization. A high efficiency and high power factor converters are the major parts of energy
transfer system. This paper present a general review on single stage forward and flyback converter topologies to get
better its performance. This is paper presents a kind general idea of increasing efficiency and power factor of single
stage forward and fly back converter.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) aims to cover the latest outstanding developments in the field of all Engineering Technologies & science.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
Design and Simulation of DC-DC ConvertersIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and simulation of DC-DC converters. It provides theoretical background on buck, boost, and buck-boost converter topologies. The key aspects covered include:
- Deriving the performance parameter equations for buck, boost, and buck-boost converters.
- Explaining the operating principles of each converter topology through equivalent circuit diagrams and voltage/current waveforms.
- Describing an example design and simulation of the three converter types in Orcad software to observe how output voltage changes with varying input parameters like inductance and switching frequency.
The document aims to provide an understanding of these converter topologies and their equations to facilitate the design of buck, boost, or buck-
IRJET- High Efficiency Bridge-Less Battery Charger for Light Electric Veh...IRJET Journal
The document describes a proposed high-efficiency bridge-less battery charger for light electric vehicles. The proposed charger uses MOSFET switches instead of bridge rectifier diodes to reduce conduction losses. It employs an isolated step-up AC-DC converter with a series-resonance circuit to provide zero current switching and reduce switching losses. Experimental results showed the proposed converter achieved 92.02% peak efficiency at 255 kHz with a 12V input and 50V output.
Snubberless current fed half bridge isolated converter for fuel cell applicat...IAEME Publication
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a new zero-current-switching current fed half-bridge isolated DC/DC converter for fuel cell applications. The proposed converter provides advantages over existing current fed converters, including simple design without an active clamp or passive snubber. This leads to reduced size, lower cost, and improved efficiency. Simulation results using PSIM 9.0 software show the proposed 250W converter design achieves an efficiency of 95%.
Power quality improvement using impedance network based invertereSAT Publishing House
1) The document presents a new LC network based inverter topology for power quality improvement. It has continuous input current which is an advantage over other impedance source inverters like TZSI and TSI.
2) The proposed inverter contains an LC passive input network and a transformer. It operates in three modes - shoot through, non-shoot through with input diode conducting, and non-shoot through with no input current.
3) Simulation results using PSIM software show the voltage and current waveforms which validate the operation and performance of the proposed inverter for power quality improvement applications.
This paper proposes maximum boost control for 7-level z-source cascaded h-bridge inverter and their affiliation between voltage boost gain and modulation index. Z-source network avoids the usage of external dc-dc boost converter and improves output voltage with minimised harmonic content. Z-source network utilises distinctive LC impedance combination with 7-level cascaded inverter and it conquers the conventional voltage source inverter. The maximum boost controller furnishes voltage boost and maintain constant voltage stress across power switches, which provides better output voltage with variation of duty cycles. Single phase 7-level z-source cascaded inverter simulated using matlab/simulink.
This paper presents the detail circuitry modeling of single phase off-grid inverter for small standalone system applications. The entire model is developed in MATLAB/Simulink platform using circuitry model. This off grid inverter consists of a high frequency DC-DC step up converter cascaded with a full bridge PI control voltage source inverter using SPWM modulation with LC filter to produce sine wave output. This is a common design used in many small commercial off-grid inverter. This off-grid inverter model is capable to produce AC sinewave output voltage at 230 V 50 Hz up to 1 kW power from a 48 V DC lead acid battery source. The AC sine wave output waveform achieved a voltage Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) of less than 1 % which is almost a pure sine wave. The conversion efficiency performance of the off-grid inverter achieved more than 94 %. The performance of the model is validated by real commercial off-grid inverter. The performance validation experiment shows that the off-grid inverter Simulink model conversion efficiency and THD performance are comparable to the commercial off-grid inverter. This model contributes to assist small to medium standalone system load and battery sizing design with greater accuracy.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Economical placement of shear walls in a moment resisting frame for earthquak...eSAT Publishing House
This document analyzes different configurations of shear wall placement in a 5-story reinforced concrete building to determine the optimal configuration for earthquake resistance. Five frames with different shear wall layouts are modeled and analyzed. Frame 2, with shear walls at the building core, performed best with significant reductions in lateral displacement, bending moment, shear force, and axial force compared to the frame without shear walls. For economic feasibility, the top 1-2 stories were removed from Frames 2 and 3. This curtailment further reduced lateral displacement, inter-story drift, bending moment, and shear force, particularly for Frames 7-9. In conclusion, curtailing the top 1-2 stories of Frames 2 or 3 provided the best
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
The document summarizes three experiments conducted by an Indian foundry to optimize material consumption and reduce melting losses in an induction furnace. The first experiment eliminated boring from the charge composition, reducing average burning loss from 11.56% to 5.68%. The second used higher quality shell returns instead of normal returns, further lowering average burning loss to 4.28%. Through these changes, the foundry reduced burning losses and cut production costs by improving furnace efficiency and metal yield.
Simulation of different power transmission systems and their capacity of redu...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Stress analysis of stick reinforced granite periwinkle concrete slab under un...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Finite element analysis on temperature distribution in turning process using ...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Mining elevated service itemsets on transactional recordsets using slicingeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Diabetic maculopathy detection using fundus fluorescein angiogram images a ...eSAT Publishing House
This document provides a review of algorithms that have been developed for processing fundus fluorescein angiogram (FFA) images to detect diabetic maculopathy. It begins with an introduction that describes diabetic maculopathy and the role of FFA images in its detection and analysis. It then discusses the goals and structure of the review, which includes classifying literature based on common image processing steps like preprocessing, segmentation, and quantification. The document reviews various algorithms for enhancing FFA images, segmenting the foveal avascular zone, and quantifying areas of macular leakage and lesions. It concludes by identifying opportunities for further research.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Rate adaptive resource allocation in ofdma using bees algorithmeSAT Publishing House
This document discusses using the Bees Algorithm to allocate resources in an OFDMA system. The Bees Algorithm is a bio-inspired optimization technique modeled after the foraging behavior of honey bees. It aims to maximize the data rate of each user while keeping power consumption below a threshold. The algorithm represents an alternative to other nature-inspired approaches that have been applied to this resource allocation problem, such as genetic algorithms and ant colony optimization. It is suggested that the Bees Algorithm may provide fast convergence for practical resource allocation in OFDMA systems.
Temperature analysis of lna with improved linearity for rf receivereSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Localization based range map stitching in wireless sensor network under non l...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Enhancement of qos in multihop wireless networks by delivering cbr using lb a...eSAT Publishing House
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes using the Leaky Bucket Algorithm to enhance quality of service (QoS) in multi-hop wireless networks delivering constant bit rate (CBR) traffic. The Leaky Bucket Algorithm aims to reduce transmission delay by delivering packets at a constant rate even when packets arrive in bursts. It combines joint congestion control and a scheduling algorithm to not only achieve provable throughput guarantees, but also place explicit upper bounds on the end-to-end delay of each flow. Simulation results show the proposed approach reduces transmission time and improves throughput compared to existing scheduling algorithms that do not consider delay performance.
Background differencing algorithm for moving object detection using system ge...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Cascaded H-BRIDGE Converter for Domestic ApplicationsIJTET Journal
1) The document presents a five-level cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter that uses separate DC sources from solar panels for each level.
2) The inverter is simulated using MATLAB and produces a five-level stepped voltage waveform as the output.
3) The cascaded H-bridge topology has advantages of modular structure, low component count per level, and potential for soft switching. It can be used for applications such as UPS, battery charging, and electric vehicles.
A New Configuration of Asymmetric Multilevel Converter to Maximize the Number...IJMTST Journal
The multilevel converters are increasingly becoming popular because of its high power applications. This research paper describes about the new structure that can produce increased number of output voltage waveform using a single source and reduced number of power electronic components. In designing a multilevel converter, the power electronic switches play a very imperative role as it describes the installation area, cost, configuration complexity and may more things that play a significant role while designing. The prime function of multilevel converter is to abolish total harmonic distortion and to incorporate desired ac voltage from several separate dc sources. Each level consists of H-Bridge converter units. High efficiency, high voltage capability, lower switching losses are its prime advantages. A multilevel power converter structure can be introduced as an alternative in medium voltage and high power situations. This structure not only achieves high power ratings but also empower the use of renewable energy sources. It finds its basic application in adjustable speed drives, Static Compensator (STATCOM).
Stand alone regulated single phase five level inverter with coupled inductorIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a research paper presented at the International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering and Management in 2014. The paper proposes a stand-alone regulated single phase five level inverter with a coupled inductor. It includes a high step-up DC-DC converter as a front-end stage to stabilize the output voltage from a variable DC source. The converter uses a coupled inductor to attain high voltage gain. The inverter can produce a five level AC output without variation in amplitude. The operation of the DC-DC converter and inverter are explained. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate the circuit can provide a constant output voltage waveform from different DC input voltages.
This document describes a fifteen-level inverter developed to transmit photovoltaic power from a solar array to the electric grid. The fifteen-level inverter uses a cascaded H-bridge configuration with low voltage MOSFET switches to reduce switching losses and harmonic distortion. It consists of a dual-buck converter to generate two DC voltages as inputs, and a full-bridge inverter to convert the output to a fifteen-level AC voltage synchronized to the grid. Simulation results show the fifteen-level output waveform is close to sinusoidal, reducing harmonic distortion below 0.5% compared to conventional two-level inverters. A controller regulates the current injected into the grid to be in phase. The system aims to provide
High Proficiency Grid ConnectedPhotovoltaic Power Generation SystemIJRES Journal
Solar energy hasbecomepopular nowadays and desire for clean energy. Since the solar radiation on no occasion remains constant,it keeps on insecure throughout the day. The need of the hour is to distribute a constant voltage to the grid irrespective of the deviation in temperatures and solar insolation. The inverter is designed from a boost converter along with a line frequency. The voltage from the boost converter is fedto the grid through inverter. In this proposed method high efficiency can be achievedby using only one switch functioning at high frequency at a time. The converter uses IGBT and ultra-fast reverse recovery diode. The simulation and experiment results are verified using MATLAB/Simulink software.
Multilevel DC Link Inverter with Reduced Switches and BatteriesIJPEDS-IAES
Multilevel inverters are the best solution for medium and high voltage power electronic drives. Because of its unique characteristic of synthesizing sinusoidal voltage with less harmonic contents using several DC sources. In a three phase multilevel inverter, each phase of a cascaded H-bridge inverter requires ‘n’ DC sources to obtain 2n + 1 output voltage levels. One particular disadvantage is that, it increases number of power semiconductor switches. To overcome this disadvantage a multilevel DC link inverter (MLDCLI) with reduced number of switches and batteries is proposed.
This paper presents a circuit configuration of five-level PWM voltage-source inverter developed from the three-level H-bridge inverter using only a single DC input power source. In the proposed five-level inverter, an auxiliary circuits working as the voltage balancing circuits of the inverter’s DC capacitors is presented. The auxiliary circuits work to keep stable DC capacitor voltages of the inverter, and also to reduce the capacitor size of the inverter. The unique point of the proposed balancing circuits is that it needs only a single voltage sensor to control the voltages of the two capacitors in the inverter. Moreover, a minimum number the inverter’s switching devices is also an important feature of the proposed inverter topology. A simple proportional integral controller is applied to control the voltage of the DC capacitors. The proposed topology is tested through computer simulation using PSIM software. Laboratory experimental tests were also conducted to verify the proposed inverter circuits. The computer simulation and experimental test results showed that the proposed balancing circuits works properly keeping stable voltages across the two DC capacitors of the inverter using only a single voltage sensor. The inverter also works well to synthesize a five-level PWM voltage waveform with sinusoidal load current.
A Novel Three Phase Multi-string Multilevel Inverter with High DC-DC Closed o...rnvsubbarao koppineni
This document proposes and analyzes a novel three-phase multi-string multilevel inverter for photovoltaic systems. The inverter uses a high step-up DC-DC converter to boost and stabilize the output DC voltage from multiple renewable energy sources. It then uses a simplified multilevel inverter topology with only six switches instead of the eight switches used in conventional cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverters, reducing losses. Simulation and experimental results show the inverter provides improved output waveforms, lower harmonics, reduced size and cost compared to other topologies.
IRJET - A Zero Voltage Switching Pulse Width Modulated Multilevel Buck ConverterIRJET Journal
This document presents a new five-level zero voltage switching pulse width modulated multilevel buck converter. The proposed converter uses a multilevel topology to reduce voltage stresses on switches without adding extra voltage. It achieves zero voltage switching for all switches by utilizing active clamping and circulating reactive energy throughout the converter. Simulations in MATLAB were used to verify the performance of the proposed converter. The converter design and operating principles are explained, including modes of operation, component sizing equations, and simulation details.
Comparison of symmetrical and asymmetrical cascaded current source multilevel...eSAT Journals
Abstract This paper presents symmetrical and asymmetrical cascaded multilevel inverter approach for high power output applications. It is based on the cascade connection of the H-bridge inverter cells. Comparison of symmetrical and asymmetrical current source multi level inverter is shown using 2 H-bridge inverter cells with cascade connection. Now ever by the supplies which are in GP with different ratios like 2,3,etc. Structural and operational characteristics are discussed and their inherent advantages are shown. Simulation using Matlab Simulink is done to verify the performance. Simulation and results for this proposed scheme are presented in this paper. Index Terms: Asymmetrical cascaded multilevel inverter, Current source multi level inverter, MATLAB Simulink, Optimization angle control, Symmetrical multi level inverter, Total harmonic distortion (THD).
Design of integrated multistage dc dc convrtereSAT Journals
Abstract Due to the functionality increase of modern battery powered portable devices, the battery life is an important issue. To extend the battery life, an efficient voltage regulator (VR) is required. In this paper discusses the employment of two-stage architecture on the design of point-of-load (POL) Dc- Dc converters. At first, the paper discusses the benefits of an integrated two-stage step-down converter with example to clarify the benefits of the design over one-stage approach. The results of two-stage converter are to be compared with the one-stage approach in addition to size and cost reduction. Then, the benefits of replacing boost converters by integrated two-stage step-up converters are discussed followed by a design example for two-stage step-up converter. The circuits are to be simulated and compared with the help of MATLAB/SIMULINK. Keywords: voltage regulator (VR), point-of-load (POL), MATLAB/SIMULINK
DESIGN OF A MULTIFUNCTIONAL FLYBACK DC-DC CONVERTER WITH CURRENT CONTROLIAEME Publication
This paper proposes a set of design techniques to build a DC-DC converter for the interconnection of different sources of renewable energy with storage elements and flexible load profiles. This type of multifunctional DC-DC converter is essential to provide the dispatch of energy generation to storage connected to the DC bus or allow energy exchange with the AC network, with different decision modes as a function of the state of charge of batteries, with the forecast of the consumption of a house with renewable production. This work emphasizes the application of a method to design switched mode flyback converters with current control capabilities on the output side.
Pi controller based of multi level upqc using dq0 transformation to improve p...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS AND SIMULATION OF MULTILEVEL POWER CONVERTERS TO CURTA...ecij
Present day industrial applications require higher power apparatus for power conversion. At medium voltage grid, to connect only one power semiconductor switch directly is a not practically successful concept. To overcome this multilevel power converter structure has been introduced and studied as an alternative in high power and medium voltage applications. Renewable energy sources like photovoltaic, wind, fuel cells can be conveniently interfaced to a multilevel converter system for high power applications. In this study it is discussed in detail for different levels of the multilevel converters using pulse width
modulation technique (PWM) the harmonics contents decreases gradually. The simulated results are presented and compared thereafter. Total harmonic distortion decreases as the number of levels increased are tabulated accordingly. All the simulation results are carried out under MATLAB/Simulink environment.
COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS AND SIMULATION OF MULTILEVEL POWER CONVERTERS TO CURTA...ecij
Present day industrial applications require higher power apparatus for power conversion. At medium
voltage grid, to connect only one power semiconductor switch directly is a not practically successful
concept. To overcome this multilevel power converter structure has been introduced and studied as an
alternative in high power and medium voltage applications. Renewable energy sources like photovoltaic,
wind, fuel cells can be conveniently interfaced to a multilevel converter system for high power applications.
In this study it is discussed in detail for different levels of the multilevel converters using pulse width
modulation technique (PWM) the harmonics contents decreases gradually. The simulated results are
presented and compared thereafter. Total harmonic distortion decreases as the number of levels increased
are tabulated accordingly. All the simulation results are carried out under MATLAB/Simulink environment.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
This document compares symmetrical and asymmetrical cascaded current source multilevel inverters. It discusses that symmetrical inverters use equal current sources, producing similar output steps, while asymmetrical inverters use unequal current sources. Asymmetrical inverters can generate more levels and higher output with the same number of bridges by using current sources in binary or ternary progression. Simulation results show a symmetrical 2-bridge inverter produces a 5-level output, while an asymmetrical 2-bridge inverter produces a 7-level output with binary progression and a 9-level output with ternary progression.
This document compares symmetrical and asymmetrical cascaded current source multilevel inverters. It discusses their structures, operational characteristics, advantages, and simulation results. Symmetrical multilevel inverters have equal current sources, while asymmetrical have unequal sources in a geometric progression. For the same number of components, asymmetrical inverters can produce more output levels and higher voltages with lower total harmonic distortion. Simulation results show the output waveform and THD for different configurations, confirming asymmetrical inverters have better performance.
A modified cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter topology with reduced number...IRJET Journal
1) The document presents a modified cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter topology that uses a multilevel DC link (MLDCL) and a single full bridge inverter to reduce the number of power electronic switching components compared to a conventional design.
2) Normally, multilevel inverters require more switches as the number of output voltage levels increases, increasing complexity. The proposed topology introduces an MLDCL using half bridge cells connected to separate DC sources to produce a staircase DC voltage, along with a single H-bridge inverter, significantly reducing the required switch count.
3) MATLAB/Simulink simulations are used to verify the performance of the proposed topology and demonstrate its ability to produce a high quality
Control of inverters to support bidirectional power flow in grid connected sy...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Similar to A novel single phase cascaded h-bridge inverter with new cell configuration and reduced power electronics components with low thd (20)
Hudhud cyclone caused extensive damage in Visakhapatnam, India in October 2014, especially to tree cover. This will likely impact the local environment in several ways: increased air pollution as trees absorb less; higher temperatures without tree canopy; increased erosion and landslides. It also created large amounts of waste from destroyed trees. Proper management of solid waste is needed to prevent disease spread. Suggested measures include restoring damaged plants, building fountains to reduce heat, mandating light-colored buildings, improving waste management, and educating public on health risks. Overall, changes are needed to water, land, and waste practices to rebuild the environment after the cyclone removed green cover.
Impact of flood disaster in a drought prone area – case study of alampur vill...eSAT Publishing House
1) In September-October 2009, unprecedented heavy rainfall and dam releases caused widespread flooding in Alampur village in Mahabub Nagar district, a historically drought-prone area.
2) The flood damaged or destroyed homes, buildings, infrastructure, crops, and documents. It displaced many residents and cut off the village.
3) The socioeconomic conditions and mud-based construction of homes in the village exacerbated the flood's impacts, making damage more severe and recovery more difficult.
The document summarizes the Hudhud cyclone that struck Visakhapatnam, India in October 2014. It describes the cyclone's formation, rapid intensification to winds of 175 km/h, and landfall near Visakhapatnam. The cyclone caused extensive damage estimated at over $1 billion and at least 109 deaths in India and Nepal. Infrastructure like buildings, bridges, and power lines were destroyed. Crops and fishing boats were also damaged. The document then discusses coping strategies and improvements needed to disaster management plans to better prepare for future cyclones.
Groundwater investigation using geophysical methods a case study of pydibhim...eSAT Publishing House
This document summarizes the results of a geophysical investigation using vertical electrical sounding (VES) methods at 13 locations around an industrial area in India. The VES data was interpreted to generate geo-electric sections and pseudo-sections showing subsurface resistivity variations. Three main layers were typically identified - a high resistivity topsoil, a weathered middle layer, and a basement rock. Pseudo-sections revealed relatively more weathered areas in the northwest and southwest. Resistivity sections helped identify zones of possible high groundwater potential based on low resistivity anomalies sandwiched between more resistive layers. The study concluded the electrical resistivity method was useful for understanding subsurface geology and identifying areas prospective for groundwater exploration.
Flood related disasters concerned to urban flooding in bangalore, indiaeSAT Publishing House
1. The document discusses urban flooding in Bangalore, India. It describes how factors like heavy rainfall, population growth, and improper land use have contributed to increased flooding in the city.
2. Flooding events in 2013 are analyzed in detail. A November rainfall caused runoff six times higher than the drainage capacity, inundating low-lying residential areas.
3. Impacts of urban flooding include disrupted daily life, damaged infrastructure, and decreased economic activity in affected areas. The document calls for improved flood management strategies to better mitigate urban flooding risks in Bangalore.
Enhancing post disaster recovery by optimal infrastructure capacity buildingeSAT Publishing House
This document discusses enhancing post-disaster recovery through optimal infrastructure capacity building. It presents a model to minimize the cost of meeting demand using auxiliary capacities when disaster damages infrastructure. The model uses genetic algorithms to select optimal capacity combinations. The document reviews how infrastructure provides vital services supporting recovery activities and discusses classifying infrastructure into six types. When disaster reduces infrastructure services, a gap forms between community demands and available support, hindering recovery. The proposed research aims to identify this gap and optimize capacity selection to fill it cost-effectively.
Effect of lintel and lintel band on the global performance of reinforced conc...eSAT Publishing House
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A geophysical insight of earthquake occurred on 21 st may 2014 off paradip, b...eSAT Publishing House
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- **Telecommunications**: TDM is extensively used in telecommunication systems, such as in T1 and E1 lines, where multiple telephone calls are transmitted over a single line by assigning each call to a specific time slot.
- **Digital Audio and Video Broadcasting**: TDM is used in broadcasting systems to transmit multiple audio or video streams over a single channel, ensuring efficient use of bandwidth.
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- **Efficient Use of Bandwidth**: TDM all
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Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoring
A novel single phase cascaded h-bridge inverter with new cell configuration and reduced power electronics components with low thd
1. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 03 Special Issue: 07 | May-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 523
A NOVEL SINGLE-PHASE CASCADED H-BRIDGE INVERTER WITH
NEW CELL CONFIGURATION AND REDUCED POWER ELECTRONICS
COMPONENTS WITH LOW THD
Arun kumar.M1
, Kaliamoorthy.M2
, Brindha.P3
, Rajasekaran.V4
, Chandrasekaran.N5
1
PG Scholar, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, PSNA CET, Tamilnadu, India
2
Associate Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, PSNA CET, Tamilnadu, India
3
PG Scholar, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, PSNA CET, Tamilnadu, India
4
Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, PSNA CET, Tamilnadu, India
5
Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, PSNA CET, Tamilnadu, India
Abstract
This project presents Single-phase Cascaded H-Bridge Inverter with minimum number of power electronics devices. The proposed
Inverter consists of 4 unidirectional switches and single bidirectional switch in each cell. Single carrier and Multicarrier PWM
method is used to generate the multilevel output. The proposed multilevel Inverter is compared with conventional symmetrical CHB,
Asymmetrical CHB with binary and trinary configurations. The comparison will be made on the basis of number of components,
number of DC sources, number of Balancing capacitors, Switching and conduction losses. The proposed Cascaded H-Bridge Inverter
will be simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK and will be implemented in hardware also using SPARTAN3A DSP.
Keywords - Bi-directional Switches, Cascaded H-bridge Inverter, DC to DC Boost Converter, Multi carrier PWM, PV
array
----------------------------------------------------------------------***-----------------------------------------------------------------------
1. INTRODUCTION
Over the past few years, technological advances in power
electronics and increasing demand for energy have contributed
to rapid development of power generation based on renewable
energy sources as like the Photovoltaic (PV), Wind and Fuel
cell (FC) based renewable energy technologies [3].
One of the problems focused in the research is the constraint
of power electronic switches. If the power electronic devices
which can prolong high voltage are used in the inverter, their
switching frequency is restricted. Hence, the device voltage
must be reduced to use high-speed switching devices. A
multilevel inverter can reduce the device voltage and the
output harmonics by increasing the number of output voltage
levels. Further, increase in number of isolated DC sources in
order to increase the number of output voltage levels leads to
additional system complexity especially in PV and FC fed
inverter topologies. In single-phase multi-level inverters, the
most widely used techniques are cascaded H-bridge (CHB),
diode-clamped and capacitor-clamped types [7-9]. In addition,
many other techniques also exist. In particular, among these
techniques, CHB single phase inverters have drawn attention
because of their modularized circuit layout and simplicity. A
variety of modulation techniques can be applied to CHB
inverters. By increasing the number of cascaded H-bridges,
the number of levels in CHB inverters increases. Generally if
the number of output voltage levels is increased, then the
number of power electronic devices and the number of
isolated DC sources is also increased. This makes a CHB
inverter further complex.
In this paper, a novel multilevel inverter with minimum
number of power electronic switching devices is proposed
which is a modified version of the multilevel inverter using
series/parallel conversion of DC sources. In the proposed
Multilevel Inverter three similar Cascaded H-Bridges are used,
each Bridge carries an auxiliary switch which will be Bi-
directional in nature. The proposed multilevel inverter
topology can be extended for the application of grid connected
photo voltaic systems, hybrid electric vehicles, etc.
Furthermore, theoretical analysis, numerical simulations and
experimental results are also presented to demonstrate the
validity of the proposed single phase cascaded multilevel
inverter.
Basically Inverter is a device that converts DC power to AC
power at desired output voltage and frequency. Demerits of
inverter are less efficiency, high cost, and high switching
losses. To overcome these demerits, we are going to multilevel
inverter. The term Multilevel began with the three-level
converter. The concept of multilevel converters has been
2. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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Volume: 03 Special Issue: 07 | May-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 524
introduced since 1975 [1]. The cascade multilevel inverter was
first proposed in 1975. In recent years multi level inverters are
used high power and high voltage applications. Multilevel
inverter output voltage produce a staircase output waveform,
this waveform look like a sinusoidal waveform. The multilevel
inverter output voltage having less number of harmonics
compare to the conventional bipolar inverter output voltage.
The multi level inverters are mainly classified as Diode
clamped, Flying capacitor inverter and cascaded multi level
inverter. The cascaded multilevel control method is very easy
when compare to other multilevel inverter because it doesn’t
require any clamping diode and flying capacitor [2-3].There
are two PWM methods mainly used in multilevel inverter
control strategy. One is fundamental switching frequency and
another one is high switching frequency. For high switching
frequency classified as space vector PWM, Selective
Harmonics Elimination PWM and SPWM. Among these
PWM methods SPWM is the most used for the multilevel
inverter, [7]. This proposed work is implemented with another
major advantage of using the supply as the Renewable energy
sources (PV Cells). The output from the PV string will be very
small in value hence, the output voltage can be boosted up by
the use of boost converter. The boost converter is used for two
purposes. (i) Boost converter acts as a DC-DC step up
transformer, to boost up the voltage required to drive the
inverter. (ii) Boost converters are used for balancing the input
capacitor voltages. The output from the boost converter feds
the power to the inverter structure which drives the load
connected across its terminals. The Overall Block Diagram
for the Proposed Inverter is shown in Fig 1.1.
Fig. 1.1 Overall Block Diagram
2. PROPOSED INVERTER CONFIGURATION
2.1 Introduction
Fig 2 shows the circuit configuration of the proposed cascaded
H bridge multilevel inverter with three H-Bridge inverters
connected in cascade (Upper , Middle and Lower H-bridge
inverters). As shown in Fig. 2, in the lower H bridge, an
auxiliary circuit comprising of four diodes and a switch is
placed between two DC sources.
This cascaded multilevel inverter made up of series connected
single full bridge inverter each with their own isolated dc bus.
This multilevel inverter can generate almost sinusoidal
waveform voltage from several separate dc sources, which is
obtained from solar photo voltaic cells. This type of converter
does not need any transformer or clamping diodes or flying
capacitors. Each level can generate five different voltage
outputs +Vdc, +1/2vdc, 0 ,–Vdc and –1/2vdc by connecting the
dc sources to the ac output side by different combinations of
the five switches.
The output voltage of an M-level inverter is the sum of all the
individual inverter outputs. Further, each switching device
always conducts for 180˚ (or half cycle). This topology of
inverter is suitable for high voltage and high power inversion
because of its ability of synthesize waveforms with better
harmonic spectrum and low switching frequency. Considering
the simplicity of the circuit and advantages, Cascaded H-
bridge topology is chosen for the presented work.
2.2 Operation
The circuit diagram of proposed method of multilevel
cascaded inverter as shown in Figure 2. It consists of three
full-bridge cells, capacitor voltage divider, three auxillary
switches. The inverter produces output voltage in thirteen
levels: 0.5Vdc, Vdc, 1.5Vdc, 2Vdc, 2.5Vdc, 3 Vdc, 0, -0.5Vdc, -
Vdc, -1.5Vdc, -2Vdc, -2.5Vdc, -3 Vdc. The advantages of the
inverter topology are: Improved output voltage quality,
Smaller filter size, Lower Electromagnetic interferences,
Lower total harmonics distortion compared with conventional
fifteen level pulse width modulation with reduced number of
switches compared to the conventional CHB inverter. The
Additional component added here is the Bi-Directional
Switch. By defenition a Bi-Directional switch in literature also
named Bilateral switch or AC switch or 4Q Switch(Q Stands
for Quadrant) capable of conducting currents and blocking
voltages of both polarities, depending on control actual signal.
3. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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Volume: 03 Special Issue: 07 | May-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 525
Fig. 2.1 Cell Configuration for the Proposed Inverter
The cascaded H-bridges multilevel inverter introduces the idea
of using separate dc sources to produce an ac voltage
waveform. Each H-bridge inverter is connected to two
capacitors 0.5Vdc. By cascading the ac outputs of each H
bridge inverter, ac voltage waveform is produced. By closing
the appropriate switches, The system consists of 15 switches
which can be used to produce those thirteen different output
voltage levels such as, 0, 0.5 Vdc, 1 Vdc, 1.5 Vdc, 2 Vdc, 2.5 Vdc,
3 Vdc, -0.5 Vdc, -1 Vdc, -1.5 Vdc, -2 Vdc, -2.5 Vdc, -3 Vdc. The
switching strategy for various output voltages in the proposed
3 cell configuration is clearly shown in Table I.
When a switch S2 and S4 of one particular H-bridge inverter
are closed, the output voltage is 0 .When a switch S2, A5, are
closed, the output voltage is +0.5Vdc. When a switch S1, S2,
S6, S8, S10, S12 are closed, the output voltage is +Vdc.. When
a switch A1, S2, S5, S6, S10, S12 of one particular H-bridge
inverter are closed, the output voltage is +1.5Vdc. When a
switch S1, S2, S5, S6, S10, S12 are closed, the output voltage
is +2Vdc. When a switch S1, S2, S5, S6, A3, S10 are closed,
the output voltage is +2.5Vdc. When a switch S1, S2, S5, S6,
S9, S10 are closed, the output voltage is +3Vdc. Similarly for
the negative voltages the switching sequences appears.
Therefore totally, thirteen levels of output voltage appears on
the load side.
Many kind of inverters are available in the various
configurations with a desired level ofoutput voltages.
Those various inveters are compared under the various
components and switches.
Table -1: Thirteen-level Cascaded H-Bridge inverter output
voltage.
UPPER
INVERTER
MIDDLE
INVERTER
LOWER
INVERTER
TOTAL
OUTPUT
VOLTAGE
S1,S2 S5,S6 S9,S10 3Vdc
S1,S2 A2,S6 S9,S10 2.5Vdc
S1,S3 S5,S6 S9,S10 2Vdc
A1,S2 S5,S7 S9,S10 1.5Vdc
S1,S3 S5,S7 S9,S10 Vdc
A1,S2 S6,S8 S10,S12 0.5Vdc
S1,S3 S5,S7 S9,S11 0
S1,S3 A2,S7 S9,S11 -0.5Vdc
S2,S4 S6,S8 S11,S12 -Vdc
A1,S3 S6,S8 S11,S12 -1.5Vdc
S1,S3 S7,S8 S11,S12 -2Vdc
S3,S4 A2,S7 S11,S12 -2.5Vdc
S3,S4 S7,S8 S11,S12 -3Vdc
2.3 Comparison between Different Topologies
The proposed topology is compared with conventional
symmetrical CHB inverters, asymmetrical CHB inverter with
1:3 configuration , asymmetrical CHB inverter with 1:2:4
configuration and asymmetrical CHB inverter with 1:3:9
configuration. The comparison is done on the basis of number
of components and rating of the devices [8].
As per the comparison, In the symmetrical CHB - to produce a
5 level output, eight switches are required in the ratio of 1:1
configuration. Similarly for a 7 level output, same eight
switches are required in the ratio of 1:1:1 configuration.
Further, to increase the levels the voltage ratios must be
increased, Vdcn/Vdco = n, that depends upon the number of output
voltage level required.
3. PWM MODULATION STRATEGY
The modulation index M of the proposed multilevel inverter is
defined by
M =
cr
ref
V
V
2
1
(1)
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Volume: 03 Special Issue: 07 | May-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 526
Where, Vref is the amplitude of the voltage reference and Vcr
is the amplitude of the carrier signal.
Multicarrier phase-shifted PWM (CPS-PWM) modulation is
used to generate the PWM signals. The amplitude and
frequency of all triangular carriers are the same as well as the
phase shifts between adjacent carriers. Depending on the
number of cells, the carrier phase shift for each cell θCr,n can
be obtained from,
Table -2: Component Level Comparison.
c
c
ncr nn
N
n
,.....2,1,
12
,
(2)
The references, vref1 and vref2 are derived from a full-wave
voltage reference, Vref defined by
tMVref sin (3)
refref VV 1 (4)
2
1
12 refref VV (5)
Both references are identical but displaced by an offset equal
to the carrier’s amplitude which is 1/2. When the voltage
reference is between 0 < vref ≤ (1/2), vref1 is compared with the
triangular carrier and alternately switches S1 and S3 while
maintaining S5 in the ON state to produce either (1/2)vdc or 0.
Whereas, when the reference is between (1/2) < vref ≤ 1, vref2 is
used and alternately switches S1 and S2 while maintaining S5
I n the ON state to produce either (1/2)vdc or vdc. As for
the reference between −(1/2) < vref ≤ 0, vref1 is used for
comparison which alternately switches S1 and S2 while
maintaining S4 in the ON state to produce either −(1/2)vdc or
0. For a voltage reference between −1 < vref ≤ −(1/2), vref2 is
compared with the carrier to produce either −(1/2)vdc or –vdc
alternately switches S1 and S3, maintaining S4 in the ON state.
It is noted that two switches, S4 and S5, only operate in each
reference half cycle. This implies that both switches operate at
the fundamental frequency while the others operate close to
the carrier frequency.
The various output voltage for the each cells (ie., Upper,
Middle, Lower) is obtained. And the combination of these
voltage levels is the total output voltage for the proposed
Inverter.
The separate reference waves are developed by using a
Interpreted MATLAB function, and hence the developed
signal is shown in Fig. 3.1. and Similarly for the Middle and
Lower level Bridges in Fig. 3.2 and Fig. 3.3.
The Generated Gate pulses are fed to the relevant Inveter
Bridges and hence the desired output for each and every
bridge is obtained, the number of output levels generated are
combined to get the actual number (ie., thirteen level output)
of output levels are generated.
Fig 3.1 Reference Wave Signal Generation for the Upper
Bridge Inverter
S.No TYPE OF
INVERTER
Primary Devices OUTPU
T
LEVEL
1 Diode
Clamped
Multi-level
Inverter
PD11=20 for 13
levels
PDN=PD(N-4)+3
Where N=levels
N=13
2 MLISPC PD11=16 for 13
levels
PDN=PD(N-4)+3
Where N=levels
N=13
3 Conventional
CHB
PD11=16 for 13
levels
PDN=PD(N-4)+4
Where N=levels
N=13
4. Proposed
Inverter
PD11=15 for 13
levels
N=13
5. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 03 Special Issue: 07 | May-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 527
Fig 3.2 Generated Gate Pulses for Upper Bridge Switches
Fig 3.3 Generated Gate Pulses for Middle and Lower Bridge
Switches
4. SIMULATION RESULTS
The Above Cascaded Multi-level Inverter is simulated by
using MATLAB/SIMULINK software tools for generating the
13 Level output voltage.
This simulation is carried out for each cells in the proposed
Inverter and the combined result is taken as the total output
voltage. To validate the proposed inverter topology simulation
has been carried out for the proposed inverter in
Matlab/Simulink. The PWM modulation strategy discussed in
section III was implemented in the simulation upto 13 levels
and the same can be extended to any required level. Table I
gives the different switching strategies for each and every cells
in the proposed inverter. The upper inverter is operated at high
switching frequency that is equivalent to the carrier frequency.
The output voltages for the each cells are shown in Fig. 4.3.
Fig 4.1 MATLAB/SIMULATION Diagram- Proposed
Cascaded H-Bridge Multi-Level Inverter
6. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 03 Special Issue: 07 | May-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 528
Fig 4.2 Reference Wave Signal Generation for the Upper
Bridge Inverter
Fig 4.3 Generated output Waveform for the Upper Bridge
Inverter
Fig 4.4 Generated output Waveform for the Middle Bridge
Inverter.
Fig 4.5 Generated output Waveform for the Lower Bridge
Inverter.
Fig 4.6 Total Output Voltage for the Proposed Cascaded H-
Bridge Inverter
Fig 4.7 Output Current Waveform for the Proposed Cascaded
H-Bridge Inverter
7. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 03 Special Issue: 07 | May-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 529
Fig 4.8 Line Voltage Harmonics with THD value
5. CONCLUSIONS
This paper has presents a novel single phase cascaded H-
bridge Inverter with reduced number of power electronics
devices and isolated DC sources. Simulations are carried out
in MATLAB/Simulink. A Generalized switching algorithm
which can be used for any number of levels is presented. The
performance of the suggested novel cascaded H-Bridge
multilevel inverter is investigated in detail. The modulation
waveform and the harmonic analysis are also presented for
various values of modulation strategies. By properly adjusting
the modulation index, the required number of levels of the
inverter output voltage can be achieved. This proposed
inverter system offers the advantage of reduced switching
devices and isolated DC sources when compared to the
conventional CHB and MLISPC for the same number of
output levels. Also, high frequency switching devices are
operated at low voltage and low frequency devices are
operated at high voltage. Thus it can be concluded that the
proposed novel Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel inverter can be
used for medium and high power applications. The simulation
results will be verified experimentally using SPATRAN3A
DSP.
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BIOGRAPHIES
Arun Kumar.M has obtained his B.E
degree in Electrical and Electronics
Engineering from Kalasalingam
University, Sriviliputhur in the year 2012
and Pursuing his M.E., degree in Power
Electronics and Drives Engineering from
Anna University Chennai, during the year 2012- 2014. He had
presented 2 papers in International Conferences and Publised a
Journal. His areas of interest include Power Electronics,
Control of Drives, and Electrical Machines.
Kaliamoorthy.M received his Bachelor
degree in electrical and electronics
engineering at Madras University, Chennai
in the year 1999 and M.Tech degree in
electrical drives and control from
Pondicherry University, India, in 2006 and
he is a gold medalist for the academic year 2004-2006. He has
one decade of teaching experience for both under graduate and
post graduate students of electrical and electronics engineering
discipline. He is currently working as an associate professor in
PSNA College of Engineering and technology, Dindigul,
Tamilnadu, India in the Depar’tment of Electrical and
Electronics Engineering. His research interests include
alternative energy sources, fuel cells, energy conversion,
Multilevel Inverters, analysis and control, power quality and
active harmonic analysis.For further details please do visit
www.kaliasgoldmedal.yolasite.com.
Brindha.P has obtained her B.E degree
from Bannari Amman University, Erode
in the year 2011 and Pursuing her M.E.,
degree in Power Electronics and Drives
under Anna University Chennai, in the
year 2012-2014. She had presented 1
paper in International Conference and Published her paper in a
Journal. Her area of Interest includes Power Electronics,
Renewable Energy Systems, and Electrical Machines. She has
1.4 years of working experience as Application Developer in
iNautix Technologies India pvt.,ltd.
Chandrasekaran.N has obtained his B.E
degree from Bharathiar University, in the
year 1998 and M.E., degree from Anna
University Chennai, in the year 2004. He
has secured first rank in M.E and got gold
medal. He had completed his Ph.D under
Anna University Chennai, in the year 2014. He has published
13 papers in National Conferences and 4 papers in
International Conferences. He has also published 5 papers in
International journals. His areas of interest include Power
Electronics, Control of Drives and Renewable Energy
systems. He is a life member of ISTE. He has 13 years of
teaching experience. Currently he is working as an Associate
Professor in the department of Electrical and Electronics
Engineering at PSNA College of Engineering and technology,
Dindigul, Tamil Nadu, India.
Rajasekaran.V was born in Madurai,
Tamil Nadu, India in 1971. He received
his BE (Electrical and Electronics Engg)
in 1994, ME (Power Systems) in 1997,
and PhD in 2007 from Madurai Kamaraj
University, Madurai, India. He is now
heading the Electrical and Electronics
Department, PSNA CET, Dindigul, TamilNadu, India. He is a
certified Energy auditor. His fields of interest are Power
Systems, Energy, Power Quality, Power Electronics Energy
etc.