Training Slides of Extension of Time (EOT) & Related Costs in Construction, in fullfillment of Delay Claim Expert.
Some Key-Points:
- Contentious Issues in Delay Analysis
- The SLC Protocol
For further information regarding the course, please contact:
info@asia-masters.com
www.asia-masters.com
Advanced training for construction management: CONTRACTS MANAGEMENT part 2 (...Antonio Coladarce
PART 2 is dedicated to an experiences section of CONTRACTS MANAGEMENT (active and passive contracts, i.e. those with final customers and with subcontractors, respectively).
Presentation is prepared for an advanced course dedicated to Construction Management, refer to PART 1 also. There is a lesson for both parts not fully translated in English (course was for Italian speaking Construction Engineers, Managers and Site Mnagers)
Training Slides of Extension of Time (EOT) & Related Costs in Construction, in fullfillment of Delay Claim Expert.
Some Key-Points:
- Contentious Issues in Delay Analysis
- The SLC Protocol
For further information regarding the course, please contact:
info@asia-masters.com
www.asia-masters.com
Advanced training for construction management: CONTRACTS MANAGEMENT part 2 (...Antonio Coladarce
PART 2 is dedicated to an experiences section of CONTRACTS MANAGEMENT (active and passive contracts, i.e. those with final customers and with subcontractors, respectively).
Presentation is prepared for an advanced course dedicated to Construction Management, refer to PART 1 also. There is a lesson for both parts not fully translated in English (course was for Italian speaking Construction Engineers, Managers and Site Mnagers)
The significant Causes and effects of delays in Ghadir 2206 residential projectIOSR Journals
Delays in the construction projects are global events and the construction industry in Iran is no
exception. The main purpose of this study is to identify the delay factors and their effect on a particular project
completion named Ghadir 2206 residential construction project located in Fooladshahr, Iran.
It is attempted to analyze the most important causes and their impacts on specific effects.
This study identified nine most important causes of delay and effects of delay. Nine most important causes were:
1) Contractor’s improper planning, 2) Design changes, 3) Contractor’s poor site management and mistaken
decision in changing managers, 4) Inadequate contractor experience, 5) Inadequate client’s finance and
payments for completed work, 6) Problems with subcontractors, 7) Lack of communication between parties, 8)
Construction mistakes and defective works ,9) Material price escalation. The causes categories in contractorrelated
factors, consultant-related factors, client-related factors and external factors.
The high significant causes identified are 1) Design changes 2) Material price escalation
Six main effects of delay were:
1) Time overrun 2) Cost overrun, 3) Disputes, 4) Arbitration, 5) Litigation, and 6) Abandonment
Project Controls Expo - 31st Oct 2012 - Forensic Delay Analysis The Ultimate ...Project Controls Expo
Introduction
1. Why is forensic delay analysis the ultimate test for project controls?
2. Methods of delay analysis
3. Choice of method of delay analysis
4. Demonstration of methods of delay analysis
5. Project controls, data and records for delay analysis
An Investigation into the Delays in Road Projects in BahrainIJRES Journal
This research investigated the delays in road projects in Bahrain. It studied frequency and severity of delay’s causes, as well as frequency of delay’s effects in such projects. Forty seven causes were identified and classified by responsibility into six groups. A field survey was conducted through a questionnaire including 36 contractors, 24 consultants and 84 engineers working at Ministry of Works (MOW). The researcher concluded that there are many causes of delay related to contractors such as the improper planning and scheduling. One of the major causes related to the owner, i.e. MOW is delay in decision making. The main problems related to consultants are due to lack of experience. Moreover, cost and time overruns were two of the most frequent effects of delay.
Spectrophotometric Determination of Drugs and Pharmaceuticals by Cerium (IV) ...IOSR Journals
Simple, sensitive, accurate, and precise spectrophotometric methods for quantitative determination of drugs, viz., Darifenacin (DAR), Esmolol Hydrochloride (ESM), Montelukast Sodium (MON), Sildenafil citrate (SIL),Terbinafine (TER) and Tramadol Hydrochloride (TRA) were developed. The method of each drug depends upon oxidation of drugs by Ce (IV) (Excess) and estimating the amount of unreacted Ce (IV) by amaranth dye at 523nm. The calibration curves obeyed Beer’s law over the concentration range of 1.4-7.0 μg ml-1 (DAR), 2-14 μg ml-1 (ESM), 2-10 μg ml-1 (MON), 20-70 μg ml-1 (SIL), 3-21 μg ml-1 (TER) & 2-14 μg ml-1 (TRA). The methods have been validated in terms of guidelines of ICH and applied to analysis of pharmaceuticals.
The significant Causes and effects of delays in Ghadir 2206 residential projectIOSR Journals
Delays in the construction projects are global events and the construction industry in Iran is no
exception. The main purpose of this study is to identify the delay factors and their effect on a particular project
completion named Ghadir 2206 residential construction project located in Fooladshahr, Iran.
It is attempted to analyze the most important causes and their impacts on specific effects.
This study identified nine most important causes of delay and effects of delay. Nine most important causes were:
1) Contractor’s improper planning, 2) Design changes, 3) Contractor’s poor site management and mistaken
decision in changing managers, 4) Inadequate contractor experience, 5) Inadequate client’s finance and
payments for completed work, 6) Problems with subcontractors, 7) Lack of communication between parties, 8)
Construction mistakes and defective works ,9) Material price escalation. The causes categories in contractorrelated
factors, consultant-related factors, client-related factors and external factors.
The high significant causes identified are 1) Design changes 2) Material price escalation
Six main effects of delay were:
1) Time overrun 2) Cost overrun, 3) Disputes, 4) Arbitration, 5) Litigation, and 6) Abandonment
Project Controls Expo - 31st Oct 2012 - Forensic Delay Analysis The Ultimate ...Project Controls Expo
Introduction
1. Why is forensic delay analysis the ultimate test for project controls?
2. Methods of delay analysis
3. Choice of method of delay analysis
4. Demonstration of methods of delay analysis
5. Project controls, data and records for delay analysis
An Investigation into the Delays in Road Projects in BahrainIJRES Journal
This research investigated the delays in road projects in Bahrain. It studied frequency and severity of delay’s causes, as well as frequency of delay’s effects in such projects. Forty seven causes were identified and classified by responsibility into six groups. A field survey was conducted through a questionnaire including 36 contractors, 24 consultants and 84 engineers working at Ministry of Works (MOW). The researcher concluded that there are many causes of delay related to contractors such as the improper planning and scheduling. One of the major causes related to the owner, i.e. MOW is delay in decision making. The main problems related to consultants are due to lack of experience. Moreover, cost and time overruns were two of the most frequent effects of delay.
Spectrophotometric Determination of Drugs and Pharmaceuticals by Cerium (IV) ...IOSR Journals
Simple, sensitive, accurate, and precise spectrophotometric methods for quantitative determination of drugs, viz., Darifenacin (DAR), Esmolol Hydrochloride (ESM), Montelukast Sodium (MON), Sildenafil citrate (SIL),Terbinafine (TER) and Tramadol Hydrochloride (TRA) were developed. The method of each drug depends upon oxidation of drugs by Ce (IV) (Excess) and estimating the amount of unreacted Ce (IV) by amaranth dye at 523nm. The calibration curves obeyed Beer’s law over the concentration range of 1.4-7.0 μg ml-1 (DAR), 2-14 μg ml-1 (ESM), 2-10 μg ml-1 (MON), 20-70 μg ml-1 (SIL), 3-21 μg ml-1 (TER) & 2-14 μg ml-1 (TRA). The methods have been validated in terms of guidelines of ICH and applied to analysis of pharmaceuticals.
Impact of Biomedical Waste on City Environment :Case Study of Pune India.IOSR Journals
Indian cities are facing problem of Biomedical waste management in the wake of urban development. The number of healthcare facilities is increasing day by day resulting in large-scale generation of bio medical waste. It has been observed that inadequate disposal of biomedical waste is creating highly unhygienic environment and posing serious heath threat for inhabitants. Present paper discusses the issue of biomedical waste management from a wider perspective with special emphasis on chemical waste which is one of the most hazardous wastes in present context. Various types of biomedical waste with reference to generation, handling and disposal practices are presented. It includes study and analysis of the parameters which affect the quality of environment to explore their impact on city environments. The current practices of handling such waste is presented based on a study conducted in city of Pune, which is the second largest city in the state of Maharashtra, India. It is aimed to put forth the importance of adequate handling and treatment of biomedical waste with reference to healthy and hygienic living environment for inhabitants to live in.
Phytochemical, cytotoxic, in-vitro antioxidant and anti-microbial investigati...IOSR Journals
Zizyphus rugosa Lam. (Family: Rhamnaceae), locally known as “Bon Boroi” or as “Jongli Boroi” in Bangladesh generally found as a herb on the hills in bunches on thorny branches of the Zizyphus rugosa trees. Its bark and wood are used medicinally for dysentery in China, India, Laos, Burma, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Vietnam. Phytochemical screening of the Leaf extract of Zizyphus rugosa Lam showed different phytoconstituents including carbohydrates (monosaccharides, reducing and mixed-reducing sugars), alkaloid, glycosides, steroids, tannins and saponin. No flavonoid was detected. In DPPH and NO radical scavenging methods, IC50 was moderately satisfactory. IC50 was found 179.713μg/ml and 769.909μg/ml respectively compare with the reference ascorbic acid (15.707μg/ml and 82.642μg/ml respectively). In LPO (Lipid peroxidation) assay the Leaf fraction extract showed moderate inhibition potentiality (IC50 402.835μg/ml) in comparison to standard drug BHT (IC50 32.94μg/ml). In CUPRAC assays, the fraction was found to possess low Total antioxidant content, good flavonoid, and moderate amounts of phenolics, tannin and alkaloid content. The Leaf fraction extract was found to show good toxicity to Brine Shrimp nauplii, (LC50 212.402μg/ml & LC90 10715.91μg/ml) compare with the reference anticancer drug vincristine sulphate (LC50 2.47μg/ml & LC90 42μg/ml). In the antimicrobial study the fraction showed moderate activity against only one bacterium (Shiggla sonni) while the standard drug Chloramphenicol showed very good zone of inhibition against all five types (Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, Shiggla sonni, Salmonella paratyphi, Salmonella grb) of bacteria. These findings provide scientific basis for the use of Zizyphus rugosa Lam. leaf ethanolic extract in traditional medicine in the treatment of aforementioned diseases. The plant also possesses moderate antimicrobial activity, good cytotoxic and good to moderate antioxidant activity.
(𝛕𝐢, 𝛕𝐣)− RGB Closed Sets in Bitopological SpacesIOSR Journals
In this paper we introduce and study the concept of a new class of closed sets called (𝜏𝑖, 𝜏𝑗)− regular generalized b- closed sets (briefly(𝜏𝑖, 𝜏𝑗)− rgb-closed) in bitopological spaces.Further we define and study new neighborhood namely (𝜏𝑖, 𝜏𝑗)− rgb- neighbourhood (briefly(𝜏𝑖, 𝜏𝑗)− rgb-nhd) and discuss some of their properties in bitopological spaces. Also, we give some characterizations and applications of it.
Traditional use of Monocotyledon Plants of Arakuvalley Mandalam, Visakhapatna...IOSR Journals
An ethno-medico botanical survey of plants used in the treatment of different type of diseases of Arakuvalley Mandalam, Visakhapatnam district, Andhra Pradesh was conducted. The information was collected on the basis of personal interviews with traditional healers, tribal doctors and old women of the society. The investigation revealed that 34 Monocotyledon plant species belonging to 10 families and 28 genera are commonly used in the treatment of varies ailments
Combination of Cubic and Quartic Plane CurveIOSR Journals
The set of complex eigenvalues of unistochastic matrices of order three forms a deltoid.
A cross-section of the set of unistochastic matrices of order three forms a deltoid.
The set of possible traces of unitary matrices belonging to the group SU(3) forms a deltoid.
The intersection of two deltoids parametrizes a family of Complex Hadamard matrices of order six.
The set of all Simson lines of given triangle, form an envelope in the shape of a deltoid. This is known as the
Steiner deltoid or Steiner's hypocycloid after Jakob Steiner who described the shape and symmetry of the
curve in 1856.
The envelope of the area bisectors of a triangle is a deltoid (in the broader sense defined above) with
vertices at the midpoints of the medians. The sides of the deltoid are arcs of hyperbolas that are asymptotic
to the triangle's sides
50 Hz Frequency Magnetic Field Effects On Pseudomonas Aeruginosa And Bacillus...IOSR Journals
The effect of electromagnetic field of different intensities on Pseudomonas aeruginosa (as gram-negative
bacteria) and Bacillus subtilis (as gram-positive bacteria) was investigated to find out the effective magnetic field strength that alters the running physiological processes of every microorganism. Equal volumes of P. aeruginosa and B. subtilis suspensions were exposed for one hour at their maximum rate of active growth to the electromagnetic field (2 - 10 mT, 50 Hz). The results indicated that no remarkable differences were found in the growth of exposed P. aeruginosa. Moreover, a remarkable inhibition in the growth of exposed relative to unexposed B. subtilis cells was achieved at (4 mT) as compared with other intensities which may indicate that this magnetic field induction had a great effect on the biological activity of the cells, so more investigations were made at this magnetic field induction. Remarkable changes in the growth characteristics could be easily detected as the absorbance decreased which indicate a decrease in the cells number and consequently an
inhibition case for the bacteria. Also, the antibiotic sensitivity test of B. subtilis cells indicated either inhibition or stimulation case for the bacteria depending on the drug mode of action
Spectral studies of 5-({4-amino-2-[(Z)-(2-hydroxybenzylidene) amino] pyrimidi...IOSR Journals
Some transition metal ions Complexes with 5-({4-amino-2-[(Z)-(2-hydroxybenzylidene) amino]
pyrimidin-5-yl} methyl)-2,3,4-trimethoxybenzene were prepared and characterized by elemental analyses,
Infrared , magnetic moment, electronic spectra , mass spectra, X-ray powder diffraction, molar conductance
and thermal analysis (TGA). The complexes have general formulae [ML2.2H2O] {where M = Mn (II), Co (II), Ni
(II), Cu (II), Zn (II), Pd (II) and Pt (II). The coordination behavior of the metal ions towards to the investigated
Schiff base takes place through –C=N,-NH2 and –OH groups. The obtained C, H and N elemental analysis data
showed the Metal: Ligand ratio is 1:2 [M: L] ratio. The molar conductance data reveal that all the metal
complexes are non-electrolytic in nature. From the magnetic moments the complexes are paramagnetic except
Zn metal ion complexes have octahedral geometry with coordination number eight. The thermal behavior of
these complexes shows that, the hydrated complexes have loses two water molecules and immediately followed
by decomposition of the anions and ligand molecules in the second and third stage. The Schiff bases and metal
complexes show good activity against some bacteria. The antimicrobial results indicate that, the metal
complexes have better antimicrobial activity as compared to the prepared Schiff base.
Membrane Stabilizing And Antimicrobial Activities Of Caladium Bicolor And Che...IOSR Journals
The crude methanol extracts of whole plant of Caladium bicolor (Aiton) Vent. and leaf of Chenopodium album L. as well as their pet-ether, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform and aqueous soluble fractions were evaluated for membrane stabilizing and antimicrobial activities. At concentration 1.0 mg/ml, the carbon tetrachloride soluble fraction of C. bicolor inhibited 43.92±1.63% and 38.08±0.83 % hypotonic solution and heat induced haemolysis of RBCs, respectively. Among the extractives of C. album, the aqueous soluble fraction inhibited 47.11±0.49 % and 36.73±0.76 % hypotonic solution and heat induced haemolysis of RBCs as compared to 72.79 % and 42.12 % by acetyl salicylic acid (0.10 mg/ml), respectively. C. bicolor test samples demonstrated zone of inhibition ranging from 6.0 to 20.0 mm. The chloroform soluble fraction showed the highest zone of inhibition (20.0 mm) against Staphylococcus aureus. The test samples of C. album displayed zone of inhibition ranging from 7.0 to 13.0 mm. The highest zone of inhibition (13.0 mm) was showed by the chloroform soluble fraction against Salmonella paratyphi
Stakeholders’ Perception of the Causes and Effect of Construction Delays on P...IJMER
Indian Construction industry is large, volatile, and requires tremendous capital outlays. Typically, the work offers low rates of return in relation to the amount of risk involved. A unique element of risk in the industry is the manner in which disputes and claims are woven through the fibre of the construction process. Delay is generally acknowledged as the most common, costly, complex and risky problem encountered in construction projects. Because of the overriding importance of time for both the Owner and the Contractor, it is the source of frequent disputes and claims leading to lawsuits. The growing rate of delays is adversely affecting the timely delivery of construction projects. Presently construction industries are facing a lot of problems, considering that a paper assess construction stakeholder’s perception to the causes of delays and its effects on project delivery. And also one case study is considered in this paper to elicit responses from construction stakeholders. The primary aim of this paper is to identify the perceptions of the different parties regarding causes of delays, the allocation of responsibilities and the types of delays, and method of minimizing the construction delays
A Study in Construction Delays of Residential StructuresIRJESJOURNAL
Abstract: Delays are one of the most common problem faced by the construction industry in India and around the world. Construction delays can be caused by several reasons which can be related to owner, design, labor or could be caused by some external factors such as bad weather. The delay in construction causes time overrun which implies that the project requires additional time for completion than originally anticipated. Time overrun in turn leads to cost overrun which causes huge monetary losses. This study focuses on finding out the most common causes of construction delays in Indian context. The study was carried out in South and Central Mumbai region. A questionnaire based survey was conducted based on 43 questions spread across 9 different categories. The findings were evaluated with Relative Importance Index technique. The aim of the study was to identify various causes of delays in construction and their importance.
Investigating the Factors Affecting Delays in Infrastructure ProjectsDr. Amarjeet Singh
Time and expense overruns are regular occurrences in the construction industry all around the world but these are a major concern in developing countries such as India, and their consequences can be extremely harmful when public infrastructure projects are concerned. In India as per the MoS & PI report, as of October 2019, there were 552 delayed construction projects, and the mean time overrun in these 552 delayed projects is29.07 months. Many studies in the literature review previously, have concentrated on a variety of infrastructure risk management issues but there have only been a few studies that have looked into the overall dynamics of infrastructure and how a project's timeline can be affected by changing risk interactions. This article aids in the investigation of the variables and causes of construction delays in infrastructure projects.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Analysis of factors contributing delays and claims in construction projectseSAT Journals
Abstract
Construction activities are the most competitive and it involves higher risk with minimum profitability due to competition.
Construction of any infrastructural work involves complex management skills related to manpower, materials, plant, machineries,
new technologies etc. It also involves many agencies interdependent on each other like the planners, structural and functional
designers including various types of specialized engineers and it also includes support of financial institutions, insurers, contractors
and specialized contractors. As there are prevailing labour bye laws it needs special care of their well beings. In such kind of complex
and intense framework some disputes is quite natural between the agencies involved in such activities which further results in claims
management as the unsettled dispute finally leads to financial claims. Higher incidences of disputes are generally reported from the
construction contract. Even if there is an appropriate understanding of construction contract clauses from the agencies in the
agreement yet claims seems to be a major crisis in the construction sector. The research reported in this paper aims in identifying the
major factors responsible of project delay that may give rise to claims for delay damages. The in this paper research mainly highlights
on finding the major components of claims with perspective of contractor for delay damages.
Keywords: Claims, delay, damages, construction industry, disputes
Analysis of factors contributing delays and claims in construction projectseSAT Journals
Abstract
Construction activities are the most competitive and it involves higher risk with minimum profitability due to competition.
Construction of any infrastructural work involves complex management skills related to manpower, materials, plant, machineries,
new technologies etc. It also involves many agencies interdependent on each other like the planners, structural and functional
designers including various types of specialized engineers and it also includes support of financial institutions, insurers, contractors
and specialized contractors. As there are prevailing labour bye laws it needs special care of their well beings. In such kind of complex
and intense framework some disputes is quite natural between the agencies involved in such activities which further results in claims
management as the unsettled dispute finally leads to financial claims. Higher incidences of disputes are generally reported from the
construction contract. Even if there is an appropriate understanding of construction contract clauses from the agencies in the
agreement yet claims seems to be a major crisis in the construction sector. The research reported in this paper aims in identifying the
major factors responsible of project delay that may give rise to claims for delay damages. The in this paper research mainly highlights
on finding the major components of claims with perspective of contractor for delay damages.
Keywords: Claims, delay, damages, construction industry, disputes.
Causes of delays on Construction Projects in Kuwait according to opinion of e...IJERA Editor
This paper presents an investigation into analysis of the causes of delays on Construction Projects in Kuwait according to opinion of engineers working in Kuwait. This is achieved through identification of the major causes of delays in the construction industry as reported in literature and using a questionnaire survey to collect the views of the various key players in the Kuwaiti construction industry. The data is analyzed and the views of the groups surveyed discussed and the relative importance index used to rank the causes of delays in the construction industry as per the questionnaire responses obtained. .It is found that the top 10 causes of delays in construction projects in Kuwait are as listed below. Using a lowest price bidding and tendering system Poor performance of the main contractor Inadequate experience or qualifications of main contractor’s staff Delay of payments from client to other parties Poor performance of subcontractors Shortage in the supply of general labour Frequent changes of subcontractors Delay in decision making by the client Poor management of subcontractors Conflict between the main parties to the contract Inappropriate methods used by the main contractor Proposals of ways to effectively prevent delays in the future construction projects managed in Kuwait construction industry were developed from the identified causes delay
Similar to Causes of Delay in Construction of Bridge Girders (20)
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
#vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore#blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #blackmagicforlove #blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #Amilbabainuk #amilbabainspain #amilbabaindubai #Amilbabainnorway #amilbabainkrachi #amilbabainlahore #amilbabaingujranwalan #amilbabainislamabad
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
1. IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE)
e-ISSN: 2278-1684,p-ISSN: 2320-334X, Volume 12, Issue 1 Ver. IV (Jan- Feb. 2015), PP 08-12
www.iosrjournals.org
DOI: 10.9790/1684-12140812 www.iosrjournals.org 8 | Page
Causes of Delay in Construction of Bridge Girders
Keval J. Shah1
, Prof. M. R. Apte2
1
Post graduate student, Department of Civil Engineering, Maharashtra Institute of Technology,
Pune (Maharashtra, India)
2
Professor Emeritus, Department of Civil Engineering, Maharashtra Institute of Technology, Pune
(Maharashtra, India)
Abstract: The construction industry is the tool through which a society achieves its goal of urban and rural
development. Delays inconstruction are the most serious problems which even slow down the national
development. It is one of the sectors that provides important ingredient for the development of an economy.It is
widely accepted that a project is successful when it is finished on time. Unfortunately, due to many reasons,
largenumber of construction projects fails to follow the planned schedule and hence delayed. Construction
delay is considered to be one of the recurring problems in the construction industry and it has an adverse effect
on project success in terms of time, cost and quality. So, careful study and planning of each and every activity of
a construction project becomes important in order to minimise delays. This paper presents the causes of
delayoccurring on anongoing bridge construction project with respect to constructionof bridge girders of three
spansof a Major bridge across river Sabarmati, Gandhinagar, Gujaratas a case study.
Keywords:Project delay, Types of delay, Time overrun, Cost overrun
I. Introduction
Issue of delay in the construction sector is a worldwideproblem. Delays occur in most construction
projects, either simple or complex. In construction, delay can be defined as the extension of time in the
completion of project. In short delay means failure to complete project in targeted time and budgeted cost as
agreed in contract. Construction site activities are only the second part of the whole construction process. The
first part comprises of all kinds of office work like planning, designing, estimating, negotiating, purchasing,
scheduling, controlling, accounting, etc. are required to be done carefully in the office before the work starts on
the site to accomplish the objective of a project within budget and on schedule. Construction delays are
widespread in most projects around the world. Some delays may happen in the preconstruction phase which is
defined as the period beginning from the initial conception of the project to the signing of the contract between
the owner and the contractor; however some of them may happen in the construction phase that is the period
when actual construction is underway. Project schedules are dynamic and uncertain. Several factors,
controllable and uncontrollable, affect the project schedule and cause delays. These delays definitely create
negative impacts on project performance. Delay in schedule in the completion of a construction project is a
majorproblem for contractors leading to disputes and spoiled relationships between project participants.
The challenge is to measure the net impact of construction delays accurately. In absence of which delay
claims between all parties involved in the construction process would become serious and lead to litigation.Time
for performance of a project is particularly an important consideration for the owner and the contractor. Often,
the most troublesome construction disputes involve delays and failure to complete the work in a timely manner.
In fact, delays can be caused by several parties therefore the effects and remedies vary from case to case.
Concurrent delays are two or more delays occurring at the same time and are always difficult to resolve.
So, in this paper delay occurrences on a bridge project is given with respect to the construction
ofgirders as a case study.
II. Objective Of Study
The objectives of this study are:
1. Determine the major construction delays of the project.
2. To analyse different causes of delay of the project
3. To measure the net impact of construction delays accurately.
III. Construction Delays
There are a number of definitions for delay. In the construction management context, the simplest
definition of a delay is “an event or a condition that results in finishing the project later than stipulated in the
contract.”
There are four main groups of construction delays:
2. Causes of Delay in Construction of Bridge Girders
DOI: 10.9790/1684-12140812 www.iosrjournals.org 9 | Page
1. Critical or noncritical
2. Excusable or non-excusable
3. Compensable or non-compensable
4. Concurrent or non-concurrent
The diagram displayedin figure presents a general overview of how the construction delays can be
categorized and some of the frequently occurring delays on any infrastructure project and the responsible stack
holder are as follows.
Chart 1: Delay classification
SR. REASONS FOR DELAY RESPONSIBILITY
1. Delay in handing over of site Client
2. Unforeseen ground conditions Consultant
3. Conflicts between owner and other parties Other
4. Improper planning of contractor during bidding stage Contractor
5. Poor means of contracting Contractor
6. Inaccurate specification of site condition Client
7. Unrealistic time schedule given in contract Consultant
8. Faulty soil investigation report Client
9. Slow decision from owner Client
10. Bureaucracy in client's organisation. Client
11. Ambiguity in specifications and conflicting interpretation by parties. Client
12. Unrealistic inspection and testing methods proposed in contract. Client
13. Delay in approval of completed work (i.e. stage passing) Client
14. Delay in approval of shop drawings and samples Client
15. Non availability of drawing/ design on time Client
16. Consultant or Architect's reluctance for change Consultant
17. Obtaining permissions from local authorities Client
18. Poor organizational structure for client or consultant Client/Consultant
19. Financial Constraints of contractor Contactor
20. Delay in running bill payments to the contractor Client
21. Inadequate experience of contractor Contractor
22. Poor labour productivity Contractor
23. Lack of control over subcontractor Contractor
24. Frequent change of subcontractor Contractor
25. Poor site management and supervision Contractor
26. Use of improper or obsolete construction methods Contractor
27. Increase in scope of work Client
28. Rework due to errors in execution Contractor
29. Rework due to change of design or deviation order Client
30. Delay in finalization of rates for extra items Client
31. Poor coordination among parties Client
32. Delay in material delivery by vendors Other
33. Delay in material to be supplied by the owner client
34. Delay in material procurement (action by the contractor) Contractor
35. Change in material prices/ price escalation Other
36. Improper storage of materials leading to damaged material when necessary Contractor
37. Inefficient use of equipment Contractor
38. Lack of skilled operators for specialized equipment Contractor
39. Extreme weather conditions Other
40. Local political conditions Other
41. Restricted access at site Client
42. Site accidents due to lack of safety measures Contractor
43. Site accidents due to Negligence Contractor
44. Lack of motivation for contractor(viz. Incentive for early finish etc.) Client
3. Causes of Delay in Construction of Bridge Girders
DOI: 10.9790/1684-12140812 www.iosrjournals.org 10 | Page
IV. Research Methodology
Research methodology is designed after assessing the extent of the objectives to be fulfilled. For data
collection a cable stayed Major Bridge across river Sabarmati, Gandhinagar, Gujaratis taken as a case study.
There was a huge difference in rate of progress and time required in completion between planned schedule and
actual execution in girders of three spans constructed on site. Frequent site visits were carried out to find the key
factors that control time performance as well as the factors which govern the rate of progress in order to find out
major as well as general causes of delay in construction of girders.
V. Data Collection
The data collected from site regarding the progress of construction of bridge girders is given in
Appendix-A (planned vs execution period in days).
End cross section of girder
VI. Data Analysis
For data analysis each activity of construction of bridge girders has been compared with its planned
duration andactual duration. Delays occurred in each activity and the cumulative delay are calculated in days as
shown in Appendix B (delay and cumulative delay in days). Also graphs for planned schedule vs as executed
and cumulative delay occurred on each girder are plotted for better understanding of the delay phenomenon.
Total delay caused on the project in completion of girders for 3 spans is 75 days (Appendix B (Delay and
Cumulative delay in days)). Activity wise total delay is shown in following table.
Sr. Activity Delay on Span 1
(Days)
Delay on Span 2
(Days)
Delay on Span 3
(Days)
TotalDelay
(Days)
1 Staging work 3 3 2 8
2 Shuttering Work 7 7 2 16
3 Reinforcement fixing 22 6 6 39
4 Cable arrangement 8 4 0 12
5 Concreting 0 0 0 0
Total 75
There upon reasons of delay and interpretation are discussed in next section.
Chart 1: Cumulative delay
Chart 2: Planned vs Execution.
4. Causes of Delay in Construction of Bridge Girders
DOI: 10.9790/1684-12140812 www.iosrjournals.org 11 | Page
After careful study of delay occurred on each activity and the reason of delay are worked out and the
stake holders responsible for the delay are as follows.
SR. REASONS FOR DELAY RESPONSIBE PARTY
1 Insufficient crane capacity Contractor
2 Non availability of bar binder Contractor
3 Non availability of skilled labour Contractor
4 Delay in design Client /Consultant
5 Labour issues Contractor
6 Conventional method of bar cutting and bending Contractor
7 Over labour employment on a single work other than important one. Contractor
8 Poor site layout resulting in poor labour productivity Contractor
9 Shortage of Concrete due to insufficient capacity of RMC Contractor
10 Delay in procurement of bearing plate Contractor
Table: Summary of Delay reasons
Above mentioned causes of delay have direct effecton time overrun and cost overrun for the whole
project. Careful identification and mitigation of causes of delay is required to save time and cost. The
comparisonof cumulative delay is shown in Chart 1. It is observed from Chart 1 thatthe construction of girder of
span 1 delayed more than the other two girders. Major cause of delay of construction offirst girder on span 1 is
delay in getting working drawings.Other two girders will not be affected by this reason because all girders are
symmetrical on the bridge. There are also some reasons which affect performance of girder on span 1 such as
labour issues, more number of labours employed on an unimportant work and lack of skilled labours etc.
Another important reason is poor site layout planning. Because of poor site layout planning workers have to
walk more and this resulted in wastage of time and poor labour productivity. Same girder on span 2 gets delayed
by less number of days compared tothat on span 1. Major reason is labour issues. Contractor is responsible for
this delay. Third girder is delayed by 15 days only and major reason for delay is again labour issues.
VII. Conclusion
This study aims to investigate the important causes of delay in construction of bridge girder. Activities
on site with respect to construction of girder are thoroughly observed and comparison done between planned
and as executed schedule. The results revealed that the problem ofdelays in construction of bridge girder is
frequent and notable. Contractor plays vital role in completion of project as scheduled. Most of reasons for
delays are related with contractor performance such as site management, labour productivity, and lack of expert
proficiency in supervision etc. Same as delay in drawing and delay in design come under client responsibility.It
is evident that consultant has a less responsibility. Some of the causes are to be addressed are beyond the control
of all the project parties such as differing site conditions, unforeseen weather etc. Talking about the overall
responsibility of delay, contractor possesses near about more responsibility.
Total time required as per planned scheduleon Span 1 + Span 2 + Span 3 = 150 days but actual time of
execution taken for the same 225 days. Therefore total delay is 75 days.
5. Causes of Delay in Construction of Bridge Girders
DOI: 10.9790/1684-12140812 www.iosrjournals.org 12 | Page
References
[1] Assaf, S. A., And Al-Hejji S. (2006). “Causes of Delay in Large Construction Projects”. International J. Project Mgmt.,Science Direct,
24, 349-357. 4
[2] Enasfathitaher, R.K.Pandey “Study Of Delay In Project Planning And Design Stage Of Civil Engineering Projects” (2013)
[3] S.K.Patil, A.K.Gupta, D.B.Desai, A.S.Sajane “Causes Of Delay In Indian Transportation Infrastructure Project” (2013)
[4] Jyh-Bin Yang And Chih-Kuei Kao “Review Of Delay Analysis Methods: A Process-Based Comparison” (2008)
[5] Tarek Hegazy And Wail Menesi “Delay Analysis Under Multiple Baseline Updates” (2007)
[6] Muralisambasivan , Yau Wen Soon “Causes And Effects Of Delays In Malaysian Construction Industry”
[7] Ashwiniarunsalunkhe, Rahul S. Patil“Effect Of Construction Delays On Project Time Overrun Indian Scenario (2014)
[8] Ram Singh, “Delays And Cost Overruns In Infrastructure Projects: Extent, Causes And Remedies”, Economic And Political Weekly,
Vol.21. May 22, 2010, Pp 43-54.